An unsigned article (Chem. Ztg. 1911, v. 35, p. 12) describes and illustrates an electrode holder for Classen's platinum dish used in electro-analysis.

Baumann, Paul, describes and illustrates an apparatus for the electroanalytical determinations at the mercury cathode. Chem. Ztg. 1911, v. 35, pp. 854-855.

Donnan and Allmand describe and illustrate a standard electrode with alkaline electrolyte: Hg HgO alkali, and report a number of analytical results.-J. Chem. Soc. Lond. 1911, v. 99, pp. 845-856. Turner, William Ernest Stephen, discusses molecular association and its relationship to electrolytic dissociation.-Ibid. pp. 880-910. St. Loria presents a review of the progress in optics and in our general knowledge of the spectrum.-Fortschr. Chem. 1911, v. 4, pp. 255-263.

Emich, F., reviews the progress made in microchemistry since the time of H. Behrens.-Chem. Ztg. 1911, v. 35, pp. 637-639, 663-665. Tunmann, O., presents additional contributions on applied microchemistry.-Apoth.-Ztg. 1911, v. 26, pp. 344–345, 555-556, 812-814. van Eck, P. N., presents a brief review of the literature on triboluminescence. He examined 1,000 organic and inorganic substances, and gives a list indicating those which possess this property and the color of the light they emit.-Pharm. Weekblad, 1911, v. 48, pp. 581-588, 611-614, 654-665.

9. CHEMICAL CONSTANTS.

Beringer, George M., thinks that a very commendable feature of the Ph. Germ. V is the introductory chapter devoted to official methods to be followed in determining physical and chemical constants. Proc. New Jersey Pharm. Assoc. 1911, p. 77. See also Am. J. Pharm. 1911, v. 83, p. 329.

Heyl, Georg, discusses the Ph. Germ. V method of determining the chemical constants of official substances, and presents a compilation of the requirements in the form of tables.-Apoth.-Ztg. 1911, v. 26, pp. 485-486. See also 301-302.

Stüwe, W., discusses the Ph. Germ. V method for determining the iodine number of fats, and outlines a modification which he believes to be more economical.-Apoth.-Ztg. 1911, v. 26, p. 677. See also Chem. & Drug. 1911, v. 78, p. 229.

Schimmel & Co. (Semi-Annual Report, April, 1911, p. 126) point out that the time given in the Ph. Germ. V for the process of saponification is only 15 minutes, which is often insufficient for essential oils.

Kerr, R. H., discusses the use of glycerin in saponifying fats in the titer test.-J. Ind. & Eng. Chem. 1911, v. 3, pp. 114-115.

Winkler, L. W., discusses the determination of the saponification number.-Apoth.-Ztg. 1911, v. 26, pp. 301-302. See also Ztschr. ang. Chem. 1911, v. 24, pp. 636-638.

Dominikiewicz, M., describes and illustrates a measuring flask for the estimation of the iodine number.-Ztschr. anal. Chem. 1911, v. 50, pp. 267-268.

David outlines a method of analysis of fatty bodies by the separation of the solid and liquid fatty acids.-Ann. chim. analyt. 1911, v. 16, p. 8.

10. TESTS.

Ruddiman, E. A., discusses the application of pharmacopoeial tests in a test tube, and calls attention to the very large number of tests that can be readily applied in the retail drug store.-Bull. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 1911, v. 6, pp. 349–351.

Mindes, J., reports a number of characteristic reactions for chemical substances and pharmaceutical preparations.-Pharm. Post, 1911, v. 44, pp. 911-915. See also Pharm. Zentralh. 1911, v. 52, p. 1264.

Masson, Irvine, discusses the use of calcium carbide for determining moisture. Chem. News, 1911, v. 103, p. 37.

Sander, A., discusses the production of hydrogen gas by dry methods. Chem. Ztg. 1911, v. 35, pp. 1273-1274.

HALOGENS.

Emde, Hermann, discusses the determination of the halogens in pharmaceutical practice.-Apoth.-Ztg. 1911, v. 26, pp. 309-310,

316-317.

Moreau, B., discusses the detection of chlorides, bromides, or iodides in presence of a sulphide, a sulphite, or a thiosulphate.— Pharm. J. 1911, v. 86, p. 36.

St. Warunis, Theodor, discusses a new method for the estimation of halogens in organic combinations.-Chem. Ztg. 1911, v. 35, pp.

906-907.

Goldbaum, Jacob S., reports a determination of the ratio between chlorine and bromine and sodium.-J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1911, v. 33, pp. 35-50.

Rabe, H., discusses the estimation of chlorides in bromides.Pharm. Ztg. 1911, v. 56, p. 505. See also Svensk. farm. Tidskr. 1911, v. 15, p. 269.

Cappenberg, H., outlines a simple and safe method for the estimation of chlorine, bromine, and iodine in lipoids.-Pharm. Ztg. 1911, v. 56, p. 677.

Stuart, A. T., reports some observations on Volhard's method for the estimation of chlorine in potable waters.-J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1911, v. 33, pp. 1344-1349.

Marqueyrol outlines briefly a method for the estimation of chlorides, chlorates, and perchlorates in a mixture of these salts.-Ann. chim. analyt. 1911, v. 16, p. 167.

Denigès, G., presents a new reaction characteristic of bromine.Bull. Soc. chim. France, 1911, v. 9, p. 542.

Clausmann, P., presents a method for the estimation of bromine in the presence of chlorides and iodides.-Ibid. pp. 188–192.

Moreau, B., discusses the detection of bromides in presence of an iodide. Pharm. J. 1911, v. 86, p. 36.

Baubigny, H., comments on the estimation of very small quantities of bromine in the presence of chlorides and iodides.-Bull. Soc. chim. France, 1911, v. 9, p. 352.

Labat, A., presents a communication on the extraction of bromine and iodine, simultaneously liberated in an aqueous medium, by the aid of chloroform and carbon disulphide.-Ibid. pp. 503-506.

Seeker and Mathewson report on the estimation of iodine in organic compounds, and its separation from other halogens.-Circ. Bur. Chem. U. S. Dept. Agric. 1911, No. 65, pp. 5.

Seidell, Atherton, reports further experiments upon the determination of iodine in thyroid.-J. Biol. Chem. 1911, v. 10, pp. 95-108. Bernier and Péron present a communication on the precise estimation of small quantities of iodides, alone or in the presence of different bodies. J. Pharm. et Chim. 1911, v. 3, pp. 242-248. See also v. 4, pp. 151–157; and Compt. rend. Soc. Biol. 1911, v. 70, p. 1012; v. 71, p. 102.

Mathieu, L., comments on the choice of starch paste for the titrimetric estimation of iodine.-Ann. chim. analyt. 1911, v. 16, p. 51. Puckner and Warren discuss the method employed by them for determining the iodine content of bismuth iodo-resorcin sulphonate.Rep. Chem. Lab. Am. M. Assoc. 1911, v. 4, p. 17.

Batey, J. P., presents notes on the formation of hypoiodites and their action on sodium thiosulphate, a source of error in certain iodine titrations.-Analyst, 1911, v. 36, pp. 132–137, and Pharm. J. 1911, v. 86, p. 348.

Rupp, E., outlines a simplified method for the detection of fluorine by noting the etching action of hydrofluoric acid upon the turbidity produced in a drop of water by the silicon fluoride.-Ztschr. Unters. Nahr. u. Genussm. 1911, v. 22, pp. 496-499.

Starck, Gunnar, outlines a new method for the quantitative estimation of fluorine.-Ztschr. anorg. Chem. 1911, v. 70, pp. 173–177. Browning, Philip E., presents a note on a modified procedure for the detection of silicates, fluorides, and fluosilicates.-Am. J. Sc. 1911, v. 182, p. 249.

Serger, H., discusses the utilization of hydrofluoric acid as a chemical preservative.-Chem. Ztg. 1911, v. 35, pp. 1150-1151.

HYDROGEN SULPHIDE.

Smith, Kline & French Co. (Analytical Report, 1911, p. 21) reports 1 sample of ferrous sulphide which contained 85 per cent of substances insoluble in hydrochloric acid.

Hodges, E. Rattenbury, describes and illustrates a simple sulphuretted hydrogen apparatus. Chem. News, 1911, v. 104, p. 189. Hinds, J. I. D., describes and illustrates a simple hydrogen sulphide generator.-J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1911, v. 33, pp. 384-385.

SULPHUR AND SULPHATES.

Bradley, Robert E., discusses the volumetric determination of sulphur by the use of barium chromate.-Chem. Eng. 1911, v. 13, p. 26. Gordon, Frederick T., contributes a brief note on the valuation of earthy sulphides.-Pharm. Era, 1911, v. 44, p. 21.

Rossiter, E. C., discusses the estimation of sulphides in alkali cyanide.-J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 1911, v. 30, pp. 583–588.

Moreau, B., discusses the detection of sulphites in presence of a thiosulphate or of a sulphide.-Pharm. J. 1911, v. 86, p. 35.

Auger and Gabillon present a new process for the estimation of sulphuric acid and sulphates, consisting in reduction by hydriodic acid and the volumetric estimation of hydrogen sulphide.-Compt. rend. Acad. sc. 1911, v. 152, p. 98.

PHOSPHORUS AND PHOSHATES.

Fleurent, Em., discusses the mechanism of the partial disappearance of phosphorus in the calcination of organic matters, and a method of determining the ash of the latter.-Ann. chim. analyt. 1911, v. 16, pp. 125-132, 179-183.

Vozárik, Am., outlines a method for the incineration of foods and other organic substances for the purpose of determining their phosphorus content.-Ztehr. physiol. Chem. 1911-12, v. 76, pp. 426–432. He also discusses the uranium titrimetric phosphorus estimation in foods and other organic materials and the errors involved in the process. Ibid. pp. 433-456.

Moreau, B., discusses the detection of phosphate in presence of an arsenate. Pharm. J. 1911, v. 86, p. 35.

Strecker and Schiffer discuss the titration of soluble phosphates.— Ztschr. anal. Chem. 1911, v. 50, pp. 495–499.

NITROGEN AND NITRATES.

Burt and Usher report a study on the relative atomic weight of nitrogen and sulphur determined from the analysis of nitrogen sulphide.- Proc. Roy. Soe, Lond. 1911, v. 85, pp. 82–98. van Rijn, W., reports observations on the determin gen by the Kjeldahl method, and cautions more pɛ

making such determinations in a room containing ammoniacal vapors. Pharm. Weekblad, 1911, v. 48, pp. 27-28.

v. Liebermann, L., describes and illustrates a modified apparatus for the determination of nitrogen by the Kjeldahl method.-Chem. Ztg. 1911, v. 35, p. 549.

Krieger describes and illustrates apparatus for the determination of nitrogen by the Kjeldahl method.-Ibid. p. 1063.

Edwards and Chads suggest the substitution of granulated tin, for zinc, to overcome the bumping and frothing in the distilling flask used in the Kjeldahl process.-Chem. News, 1911, v. 103, p. 138.

Ruff and Gersten report some observations on the sources of error in the gasometric nitrate and nitrite estimation according to Schlösind and Piccini.-Ztchr. anorg. Chem. 1911, v. 71, pp. 419-426.

Caron and Raquet present a communication on the GrandvalLajoux method of analysis of nitrates and suggest certain modifications. Répert. pharm. 1911, v. 23, pp. 241–244.

In a second communication they outline a method for the estimation of nitrates in water with a sulphosalicylic reagent.-Ibid. p. 245. See also Ann. chim. analyt. 1911, v. 16, pp. 81-84, 85.

Seydel and Wichers discuss the accuracy of nitrate determinations. They conclude that the determination of nitrate nitrogen gives fairly uniform results.-Ztschr. ang. Chem. 1911, v. 24, pp. 2046-2054.

Dey and Sen discuss the action of hydrazine sulphate on nitrites, and outline a method for estimating the nitrogen in nitrites.Ztschr. anorg. Chem. 1911, v. 71, pp. 236-242.

Dané outlines an easy process for the detection of nitrites.-Bull. Soc. chim. France, 1911, v. 9, p. 354.

Blanc, L. G., makes a contribution on the Tromsdorff method of estimating nitrites.-Bull. sc. pharmacol. 1911, v. 18, pp. 460-467. Denigès, G., presents a method for the rapid estimation of nitrates and nitrites in water by the aid of a new reagent, hydrostrychnine.-Bull. Soc. chim. France, 1911, v. 9, p. 544.

Brach and Lenk discuss the qualitative determination of nitrogen in organic substances. Chem. Ztg. 1911, v. 35, p. 1180.

Caron, H., discusses the determination of nitrates with diphenylamine. Ann. chim. analyt. 1911, v. 16, pp. 211-215. Also Répert. pharm. 1911, v. 23, pp. 337-342.

Chamot and Redfield, in a further study on the chief sources of error in the phenosulphonic acid method for the determination of nitrates in water, outline a modified method.-J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1911, v. 33, pp. 381-384.

Moreau, B., discusses the detection of nitrates in presence of a sulphite, thiosulphate, or sulphide.-Pharm. J. 1911, v. 86, p. 35. Marqueyrol and Florentin discuss the estimation of nitrogen in nitrates, gun cotton, and nitric ethers.-Ann. chim. analyt. 1911,