brought their bees with them, and, as swarms often escaped, the woods near the settlements were soon filled with bees, which made their homes in the hollow trees.

3. Each hive of bees has three classes,-one mother or queen bee; several hundred male bees, who never work (and hence are called drones); and a great many working bees.

4. As soon as a swarm of bees is settled in a new hive, the workers build six-sided cells of wax, sometimes making in a single day four or five thousand of them.

5. The mother bee at once begins to lay her eggs in these cells. For several months she will average about one hundred and fifty a day. These eggs produce only the workers. In the springtime the working bees make a few hundred cells somewhat larger than those already made. The eggs laid in these cells produce males, or drones.

6. Just before the time to swarm, the workers

build about a dozen round cells many times larger than the others. In these are born the queen bees, who have not only larger rooms but a richer diet than the other young bees, which are fed on the flour-like substance called pollen while the young queen bees are given pollen and honey mixed.

7. Just before swarming time, when the hive is full of bees, the young queens are hatched. The old queen seems greatly enraged and would sting them to death if she could, but they are protected by the workers; when, suddenly, gathering such bees as are willing to follow her, she abandons her attempts on the lives of her royal children, and leads out a swarm to seek a new home.

8. The young queens are brought out one after another, and, being hindered in the same way from killing each other, gather their followers in turn and rush out to found their own families.

9. When only enough bees remain to fill the hive comfortably the workers withdraw their protection, and the remaining queen bees fight until but one is left, who is accepted as queen for the time.

10. She, however, seems to have no control over the bees. They provide their food, feed their young, and build their combs in their own way and time, without orders from any one. Still, they all pay her the greatest attention, and will work for her or fight to the death to protect her from harm.

11. If she dies or is removed from the hive, the workers hurry to the small six-sided cells in which the young are best developed, break up the cells, taking great care not to injure the young bees, make them over into round cells, replace the young, and feed them with the royal food of pollen and honey. Strange as it may seem, these grubs in a few days come out not workers but queens. One of these is taken as the mother of the hive, and the work goes on as usual.

12. If their queen is removed and there are no cells containing workers' eggs, the bees seem to lose all their ambition, and the whole swarm dies. They will accept a strange queen, or their own if she is taken away for a short time and then replaced in the hive.

13. The drones have no stings, and do no work. They are suffered to live while honey is plenty, but in the fall the workers fall upon them and sting them to death.

14. The workers seldom quarrel with each other or with neighboring bees, but sometimes a whole swarm will attack a hive near them, and the fight will last for days, until one side or the other acknowledges defeat. Then the victors carry all the honey into their own hive.

15. In studying the habits of bees we are filled with wonder at their skill, which seems almost the

result of reasoning, and which shows the power, the wisdom, and the goodness of their Creator.

1. Heralds, settlements, produce, substance, pollen, enraged, abandons, developed.

2. What kind of bees is spoken of in this lesson? Do humble bees make honey? Were there honey bees in America before Columbus discovered it? What is a four-sided figure called? What is a six-sided figure called? What is "pollen"? Describe any beehives you have seen.

XXVII. WHY I LEFT THE ANVIL.

PART L

1. I was transposed from the anvil to the editor's chair by the genius of machinery. Don't smile, friends, it was even so. I had stood and looked for hours on those thoughtless, iron intellects, those iron-fingered, sober, supple automatons, as they caught up a bale of cotton and twirled it, in the twinkling of an eye, into a whirlwind of whizzing shreds, and laid it at my feet in folds of snow-white cloth, ready for the use of our most voluptuous antipodes.

2. They were wonderful things, those looms and spindles; but they could not spin thoughts; there was no attribute of divinity in them, and I admired them, nothing more. They were excess

ively curious, but I could estimate the whole compass of their doings and destiny in finger power; so I went away and left them spinning-cotton.

3. One day I was tuning my anvil beneath a hot iron, and busy with the thought that there was as much intellectual philosophy in my hammer as in any of the enginery agoing in modern times, when a most unearthly screaming pierced my ears; I stepped to the door, and there it was the great iron horse! Yes, he had come, looking for all the world like the great dragon we read of in Scripture, harnessed to half a living world, and just landed on the earth, where he stood braying in surprise and indignation at the base use to which he had been turned.

4. I saw the gigantic hexaped move with a power that made the earth tremble for miles. I saw the army of human beings gliding with the velocity of the wind over the iron track, and droves of cattle traveling in their stables at the rate of twenty miles an hour toward their city slaughterhouse. It was wonderful. The little-busy-bee-winged machinery of the cotton factory dwindled into insignificance before it. Monstrous beast of passage and burden! it devoured the intervening distance and welded the cities together! But for its furnace heart and iron sinews, it was nothing but a beast, an enormous aggregation of-horse power. And I went back to