the time of Moses. Their bodies are painted with various colours, pricked into their skin, as they were when the Israelites were forbidden to make any marks upon the flesh. In the industrious Copts, the Christians of the villages, the counting-house, and the monastery, with skull and features half European and half Eastern, we have the old Egyptian race of the Delta, the ruling class, such as it was in the days of Psammetichus and Shishank. Between Silsilis and the second cataract we find, under the name of Nubians, the same old Egyptian race, but less mixed with Greeks or Arabs. Such were the Nabate who fought against Diocletian, and such in features were the kings of Thebes, Rameses and Thothmosis, and the kings of Ethiopia, Sabacothph and Ergamenes. We know them by their likeness to the statues, and by their proud contempt of the Fellahs. These two races, the Copts and Nubians, are the men who built the temples, made the mummies, and carved the hieroglyphics. When they reached the valley of the Nile, it had no doubt been long peopled by the Fellahs. They were both zealous Christians under Athanasius; but Christianity has only remained among the mixed race of Copts. To the east of the Nile near Cosseir, and again throughout the whole of Ethiopia from Abou Simbel to Meroë, are the Ababdeh Arabs, brave and lawless. These were the southern enemy conquered by Rameses, and they often fought against the Romans. They are the owners of the camels now, as they used to be; and are the carriers across the sands of the desert. To the south of Syene, in the desert between Ethiopia and the Red Sea, are the less civilised marauding Bishareen Arabs, the Blemmyes and Troglodyte of the Greeks. These Arabs seem to be less at home on the banks of the Nile than the Copts and Nubians. They no doubt reached the valley at some later period, when the others were already settled there; and reached not by passing through Egypt, but by crossing over from the Arabian side of the Red Sea. In Abyssinia we find a people in features and in language more Hebrew than Arabic; the people whom Frumentius found there in the reign of Constantine, and the people for whom the Ethiopic version of the Bible was made, whose forefathers reached the country in the trading vessels from Ezion Geber in the reign of Solomon, or earlier. 20 VOL. 11. Bartlett's in the Desert. Among the various Bedouins of northern Arabia the Tor Arabs of Sinai are probably the friendly tribe, Forty Days perhaps miscalled Midianites, who guided Moses as far as Ezion Geber on the Gulf of Akaba; and the Alawin are the hostile Edomites who would not allow him to pass through Petra. Alexandria is still peopled with sullen Copts, clever Greeks, shabby-looking Jews, with here and there a glossy negro in a white dress. The Christian monks live in peace among the Moslem dervishes. The ruling class who walk along the street with proudest and firmest step are the Turks in gay many-coloured clothing, while the poor of the city, as of old, are the halfnaked brown-skinned Fellahs. Fig. 146. A sacrificial basin in form of a tank or artificial lake. FIRST INDEX: NAMES OF PERSONS. The Numbers are those of the Chapters and Sections. Aaron (physician), xxi. 38. Abram (ambassador), xxi. 13. Achilles Tatius, xviii. 14. ACHTHOES, i. 12. Adicran of Lybia, iv. 22. Edisius (martyr), xvii. 46. EMILIANUS, ALEXANDER, xvii. 9. Emilianus (prefect), xvii. 2. Ætius (Arian), xviii. 36. Aeizanas, xxi. 16. Africanus (chronologer), xvi. 24. Agathias (historian), xxi. 23. Agathocles, ix. 48. son of Lysimachus, vii. 79. ALEXANDER the Great, vi. 1. ALEXANDER ÆGUS, vii. 6. Zabbineus, x. 66. Helius, xii. 36. Jannæus, xi, 11. ALEXANDER SEVERUS, xvi. 32. Alypius, xviii. 13. AMASIS, iv. 24. Amasis (satrap), v. 8; 1v. 22. Ammon (monk), xviii. 31, 59. Amrou, son of Asi, xxi. 43. AMUNOTHPH II., ii. 8. AMUNOTHPH III., ii. 19. Amyntas, viii. 63. AMYRTÆUS, v. 22. Ananias, xi. 7. ANASTASIUS, xx. 23. Androclus (slave), xiii. 39. Annianus (bishop), xiii. 62. Antigonus, son of Demetrius, vii. 73. Antinous, xv. 14. Antiochus Soter, vii. 60. Hierax, ix. 5. the Great, ix. 33. Epiphanes, x. 3. of Athens, xi. 27. Antipater of Macedon, vii. 73. of Syria, xii. 14. Antipator of Sidon, x. 51. Antiphilus (painter), vii. 69. Antoninus (philosopher), xviii. 48. Antony, Mark, xi. 58. son of Mark, xii. 37. Anuph (monk), xviii. 57. ANYSIS, of Memphis, iii. 20. Apelles (painter), vii. 55. (Gnostic), xv. 24. Aphthonius, xviii. 36. Apime, wife of Magas, viii. 17. Apollinarius (bishop), xxi. 5, 27. (Sicilian), xii. 6. son of Mnestheus, x. 2. Apollos (monk), xviii. 57. Aratus of Sicyon, viii. 53. Arcesilaus of Barca, v. 8. (philosopher), x. 73. Archelaus, xi. 59. Archias, x. 46. Archibius, xiii. 1, 21. Aretaus (physician), xvii. 6. Arethas (Arab), xxi. 3. Aristæus, viii. 57. Aristarchus (critic), x. 35. of Samos, viii. 41. Aristides (orator), xvi. 2. Aristippus, vii. 65. Ariston, xi. 27. Aristobulus (Peripatetic), x. 72. Aristocrates, xii. 45. Aristomenes, ix. 60. Aristonicus, ix. 76. (grammarian), xiii. 21. Arrian, xv. 37. mother of Soter, vi. 18. (boxer), xvi. 3. Asclepiodotus, xix. 43. Asenath, i. 43. ASYCHIS, iv. 1. ASSETH, i. 35. Athanasius (bishop), xviii. 6. Athenagoras (Platonist), xv. 30. ATHENODORUS, xvii. 25. Attalus of Pergamus, x. 42. Balacrus, vi. 11. Bagoas (eunuch), v. 53. Barnabas (apostle), xiii. 62. Basilianus (prefect), xvi. 31. Basilides (freedman), xiv. 10. Bassianus, xvi. 31. Berenice Soter, vii. 76. daughter of Philadelphus, viii. 63. Bibulus, xii. 19. BOCCHORIS, iii. 17. Cadmus, ii. 24. Cæcinna Tuscus, xiii, 59. Cæsarion, xii. 15. Callimachus, vii. 57; viii. 36. Callixenes, viii. 9. Carpocrates (Gnostic), xv. 24. Cassianus, xvi. 11. (monk), xix. 31. Cassius Longinus, x. 15. Chæremon, xiii. 60. CHEMI, iv. 1. Chesuphus, ix. 79. Christodorus (poet), xx. 28. son of Hormuz, xxi. 33. of Rhodes, viii. 63. Cicero, xi. 57. Claudian (poet), xix. 20. CLAUDIUS GOTHICUS, xvii. 19. Cleombrotus of Cos, viii. 72. |