CONTENTS II. NUMISMATICS. By George Macdonald, M.A., LL.D. III. PAPYRI. By Arthur S. Hunt, M.A., D.Litt., LL.D., Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford; Professor of IV. GRAMMAR, LEXICOGRAPHY, AND METRIC. By E. A. V. COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY. By P. Giles, M.A., Litt.D., Master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge VI. GREEK HISTORY AND INSCRIPTIONS. By Marcus N. Tod, M.A., Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford; University VII. ROMAN HISTORY, WITH INSCRIPTIONS. By F. Haver- field, M.A., LL.D., Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford; Camden Professor of Ancient History. VIII. GREEK RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY. By Jane E. IX. ROMAN RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY. Fowler, M.A., D.Litt., Fellow of Lincoln College, X. ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY. By J. Burnet, M.A., Ph.D., XI. GREEK LITERATURE. By J. T. Sheppard, M.A., Fellow XII. LATIN LITERATURE. By Gilbert A. Davies, M.A., Professor of Greek in the University of Glasgow XIII. HELLENISTIC GREEK. By G. H. Milligan, D.D., Regius XIV. MODERN GREEK IN RELATION TO ANCIENT GREEK. By THE YEAR'S WORK IN CLASSICAL STUDIES I ITALIAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND EXCAVATION EXCAVATIONS in Italy have been by no means without interest during the past season. The fact that the country was not actually at war until late in May, permitted the continuance of normal activity in the archaeological world for the greater part of the winter; and some discoveries of considerable interest are to be recorded. A very summary report on the work carried on in the Forum and on the Palatine in the last five years has begun to appear.1 It deals with the work done in the Basilica Aemilia, the house of Livia, and the Domus Flavia; but has no illustrations. The restoration of the splendid pavements of opus sectile of coloured marbles, which are attributable to the Neronian period, and were destroyed by the western nymphaeum of the Domus Flavia, has now been completed. They are the finest examples of their kind in existence. We may notice an article by Schneider Graziosi 2 on the Horrea Agrippiana, situated to the south-west of the building which has until recently been supposed to be the Temple of Augustus, as restored by Domitian, but which is more probably a reconstruction of the atrium of the imperial palace on the Palatine, and of the great series of inclined planes connecting it with the main portion of 1 Boni in Cronaca delle Belle Arti, i. (1914), 73 (supplement to Boll. d'Arte). 2 Bull. Com. arch. xlii. (1914), 25 sqq. the building on the summit of the hill. One courtyard (cohors) of the three shown on the Forma Urbis has been already discovered, and cleared with the exception of the south side, on which, according to Richmond,1 the Temple of Augustus is to be sought. The tabernae surrounding the central area are of opus quadratum of the time of Augustus; and in front of them ran an arcade with Corinthian columns of travertine coated with stucco. The central space, on the other hand, is covered with constructions of various periods. It was originally an open area, paved with slabs of travertine; then brick pillars were erected, probably to support awnings in hot weather. A shrine was added at the end of the second century, dedicated to the genius of the Horrea, on the 9th of June of a year which cannot be fixed, as the names of the two consules suffecti given in the inscription are not otherwise known.2 Still later the rest of the space was filled with various buildings, including a fountain. The excavations in Piazza Colonna have led to the discovery of remains of ancient buildings in brick-faced concrete, the character of which is as yet uncertain. There were also found two statues of Aesculapius and Hygeia, which had formed part of the Giustini collection, and had then been buried in the courtyard of the Palazzo Piambino, which occupied the site.3 The excavations in the lower church of S. Crisogono, which was built into a pagan edifice (the house of the saint), are proceeding, and have led to the discovery of interesting paintings of the ninth century A.D., belonging to the right aisle of the old church, which corresponds 1 Essays and Studies presented to W. Ridgeway, 198. 2 The text runs as follows::-> Salut(?) genium horreor(um) Agrippianorum negotiantib(us) L. Arrius Hermes, C. Varius Polycarpus, C. Paconius Chrysanthus immunes s(ua) p(ecunia) donum) dederunt); and on the side, [ara] posit(a) dedic(ata) v. idus Iun(ias) Cn. Cossutio Syntropho L. Manlio Philadelpho. 3 Bull. Com. arch. xlii. (1914), 3 sqq. (Mariani), 13 sqq. (Lanciani), 208 sqq. (Cantarelli). exactly with the left aisle of the new church, which was rebuilt at a higher level in the twelfth century. Several scenes deal with the life of S. Benedict.1 At S. Crisogono a long inscription of the Arval Brethren, dating from 240 A.D.,2 has been found, referring to the vice-president of the college, one Fabius Fortunatus, who lived in clivo capsar(io or ario) in Aventino maiore. The distinction between the two summits of the Aventine Hill is of interest, and it is the first time that it has made its appearance in antiquity. Some interesting columbaria have been investigated on the Via Labicana.3 It is now proposed by the Superior Council for Antiquities and Fine Arts that the contents of the three main Government museums of Rome should be divided in the following manner :-(a) The Prehistoric Museum (Museo Kircheriano or del Collegio Romano) should receive all objects of palaeoethnological interest from Rome and the province of Rome, and remain at the same time the central museum of prehistoric antiquities in Italy. (b) The Museo di Villa Giulia should contain all the objects which Italian archaeologists denote by the term 'protostorico,' i.e. from the dawn of history until the Roman conquest, not only from southern Etruria (as at present), but from Latium and the Sabine country. (c) The Museo Nazionale Romano (Museo delle Terme) should be devoted to the best productions of classical art, and should also contain Roman inscriptions, coins, mosaics, and other objects down to the fall of the Empire. The division is a rational one, and will undoubtedly facilitate the work of students. Local museums were not viewed with favour, and it was proposed that they should contain only duplicates or objects of secondary importance. Taking first the neighbourhood of Rome, we may note 1 Munoz in Cronaca delle Belle Arti, i. 41 (supplement to Boll. d'Arte, viii. 1914). 2 Not. Scavi, 1914, 464; N. Bull. Arch. Crist. xxi. (1915), 66. 3 Not. Scavi, 1913, 375; cf. B.S.R. i. 4 Cronaca delle Belle Arti, i. 42. |