The warrant was immediately produced, and a pen placed in the hand of Sloughter, who, hardly knowing what he did, signed his name to the paper. The councilors ran off with it at once to the prison, where Leisler and his son-in-law, Milbourne-who had been convicted with him-were confined.

They were sitting with their wives and children, who burst into tears when they saw these dark looking men arrive with the fatal warrant. One embrace was all they had time for. Morning was close at hand, and the councilors were dreadfully afraid that Sloughter might become sober and change his mind.

It was a dark, rainy morning, and the air was chill and raw as Leisler and Milbourne were hurried along to the gallows outside the wall of the city, nearly opposite the place where the Astor House now stands. A great number of people had collected; many from love of the poor fellows who were going to die; some, like the councilors, from wicked hatred and revenge. As they stood at the foot of the gallows, Leisler confessed that he had erred "through ignorance and jealous fears, through rashness and passion," but denied that he had ever been disloyal. Milbourne said:

"I die for the King and Queen, and the Protestant religion;" and turning to one of the councilors, whose face he saw in the background, "Robert Livingston," he cried, "for this I will implead thee at the bar of God!"

A few minutes after both were dead.

The people thronged round their corpses, seeking to cut a lock of hair from their heads, or a piece

of cloth from their clothes, in memory of men they loved. Long and long afterward, until people began to talk openly of liberty in New York, those relics were treasured up; and the names of Jacob Leisler and Milbourne were remembered with love and honor.

There was trouble in Maryland, too, when the news came that King James had been turned off, and King William set up in his place. For many years Protestant settlers had been arriving in great numbers from Europe, and now the Protestants were more numerous than the Catholics. Still, it seemed as though the former were afraid of the latter, for they plotted against them continually.

At that time Protestants thought it quite proper to hate Catholics. I suppose none of them had ever read those chapters of the New Testament where our Saviour teaches us to love one another, and his Apostle tells us that nothing shall profit us if we have not charity. At all events, the Protestants of Maryland were very anxious to get a chance to persecute the Catholics; and when the news of King William's election as King of England reached them, they rose in a body and thought the time had come.

A worthless fellow named CooDE agreed to be their leader, and they marched against St. Mary's. But the Catholics would not fight; and Coode and his men, after spreading a number of absurd and false stories about them, said they would have nothing more to do with Lord Baltimore, and took the government of the Province into their own hands.

Virginia-the Old Dominion-was very much to be pitied. After Sir William Berkeley left, one of

the friends of the jolly King, named CULPEPPER, became Governor, and, like Andro's in New England, thought of nothing but filling his pockets. After a time the King of England found out that he was robbing the people of Virginia in a shameful way, and dismissed him, and sent out LORD HOWARD of Effingham to take his place.

But he was no better. Money, money, money was all he wanted; and though the people of Virginia were in great poverty, owing to the low price of tobacco, he still contrived to plunder them. Their spirit was almost broken. Privately, and in their farm-houses, far away from the Governor, they mourned over their lost liberties, and thought sadly of the times that were past. But in public they made no sign. When the change took place in England, King William was proclaimed in Virginia without any commotion whatever.

WH

CHAPTER XIII.

HILE Englishmen were landing and planting colonies, and founding cities all along the coast —from Saco and Pemaquid, in Maine, to Charleston, in Carolina—the French were as busy on the river about St. Lawrence. I have already told you how Quebec was founded. More Frenchmen coming from France 1605 by to buy furs and trade with the Indians, other little settlements were made higher up on the river. With the first traders came Roman Catholic priests in great numbers, burning to convert the Indians to Christianity.

These were chiefly Jesuits. It used to be common, not very long ago, to speak ill of Jesuits, and to accuse them of all kinds of abominable crimes; and I dare say that a great many of them deserved the bad name they got. I shall have to speak presently of some Jesuits of whom nothing too severe could be said. But there were others, and a great many, who came to Canada from no other motive but to convert the Indians. Who prosecuted that work with such energy, and zeal, and courage that I can not find words to praise them sufficiently. Who endured hunger, and thirst, and cold, and every species of cruel torture with cheerfulness, in their great work. Who died most dreadful deaths, praising God, thankVOL. I.-K

Champlam

ing him for his mercies, and praying him to forgive the poor savages who butchered them.

One of these was FATHER JOGUES, who traveled away through the Indian country as far as the great lakes, teaching and baptizing the red men. The Hurons were his friends; but the fierce Mohawks who hated the Hurons, hated the French likewise As he was traveling up the St. Lawrence, a band of Mohawks caught him, and tortured him in their sav When he was nearly dead, they sold him

age way.

to the Dutch.

Very few men, I think, having once escaped out of the hands of these savages, and with their bodies covered with the scars, and bruises, and burns they had inflicted, would have run the same risks again. But when the French in Canada wanted a priest to go among the Mohawks to try to convert them, Jogues offered to go, and went, saying as he left:

"I am going away, and I shall never come back.” He had scarcely arrived at their village when they foolishly accused him of having spoiled their harvest. He knew what they meant. Smiling, and trusting in God, he walked to the wigwam of the chief, and was struck dead the moment he entered.

Many others, whose stories it would take me too long to tell, perished in the same miserable way. But those who remained were as bold as ever, and as fast as one priest was tortured to death, another took his place; so fervent was their zeal for the cause of Christ. As soon as one of these priests had converted a few Indians, he established a little fort or village, and resided there among them; and in