The

first settlement in new territory on the Chowan River was christened Albemarle. To it there came settlers from Virginia, New England, and the Bermudas, and it soon became populous and thriving. This was the beginning of NORTH CAROLINA. 165-3

Further south the King's friends had planted a small settlement, not very far from the old French fort of Port Royal, to which they gave the name of Charlestown. After a time they found a better place to settle nearer the coast, and removed thither, calling the new place by the old name-Charlestown. The climate was very fine, and there soon came Scotchmen, and Cavaliers, and Irish Protestants, and French Huguenots, and a great number of others, to settle there. This was the beginning of SOUTH CARO

LINA.

1870.

The only thing at all remarkable in connection with the settlement of Carolina was the plan that was drawn up for its government by two of the ablest and most famous men of England-LORD SHAFTESBURY and JOHN LOCKE.

It would take me too long to describe the whole of this plan; and as it never went into effect, or was even seriously tried, it will be enough to say that its chief object seemed to be to make a batch of new lords, palatines, barons, and caciques, for the special use and benefit of Carolina, and to keep one fifth of the whole country for them alone. It is said there are people in some parts of the Carolinas and in Virginia who are very fond of calling themselves aristocrats, and so on, to this day. I suppose these are the people who would have been lords and barons, and

THE UNITED STATES.

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it

palatines and caciques, if the great model constitution of Shaftesbury and Locke had ever been established. I am sorry it wasn't for their sakes, for I would have done them a great deal of good to have had these odd handles to their names.

VOL. I.-H

suppose

CHAPTER X.

"HEN the jolly King Charles the Second was

WH

smuggled back to England and to his throne, the colonies of New England lost no time in paying their respects to his majesty. I wish myself that honest old Massachusetts had not pretended to be so delighted with the change, and had not compared itself to Mephibosheth, which, "by reason of lameness," had been tardy in "kneeling before her restored king."

At heart, the New Englanders were sorry enough at what had happened in England; more sorry still when they heard that so many of their friends were being executed, among others, SIR HARRY VANE, who had once been Governor of Massachusetts, and a friend of Mrs. Hutchinson. And though they did at first pretend to be very loyal and very much charmed with the return of the jolly King, yet afterward, when they had time to think, and especially when the news came that the King's church was to be set up among them, they were much less in love with his majesty. They said his health should not be drunk in Massachusetts; and when three of Cromwell's soldiers fled for refuge to New England and were chased by the Royalists, the Governor pretended to be in a desperate hurry to find them, but took care always to look in the wrong place.

There was trouble brewing between them and the new king. New Haven being added to Connecticut, a dispute arose between that colony and Massachusetts about boundaries; and at the same time several of the colonists made complaints to the King of the New England Governors. Charles was glad enough to get a chance of meddling with the colonies.

It was just at the time his brother, the Duke of York, was sending an expedition to New Amsterdam: the King directed the same officers to go to New England and put matters straight there. In Connecticut they were well received, but the stern Puritans of Massachusetts did not like them at all. They had no idea of suffering cold, and hunger, and hard

ship of every kind to found a new country in order that the King's officers should come and worry them in it after it was settled.

It was the custom in Boston to keep Saturday evening holy by prayer as well as the Sabbath. The King's officers, on the contrary, chose to meet on that evening to make merry and drink wine. When the magistrates heard of it, they sent a constable to tell the officers that the laws of Boston did not allow such doings: but one of the officers, SIR ROBERT CARR, fell upon the constable and beat him off.

Then another constable, named MASON, went to them and told them that they should be ashamed of setting so bad an example to the people, adding, that if they did so again, he would arrest them.

"What! said Carr, "arrest the King's commissioners?"

"Yes," answered Mason, stoutly, "the King himself, if he broke our laws.”

I think we shall see something more of this sort of spirit before we are done with the people of Massachusetts.

The commissioners went back to England in a great rage, and tried hard to do some mischief to the colonies; but the jolly King at that time had his hands full in a war with the Dutch, and the affair of New England was forgotten.

Good, you know, often comes out of evil, and this visit of the commissioners had the good effect of rendering the Puritans a little more tolerant toward people of other religions. Many Baptists began to appear in Massachusetts; and Quakers were still found in some places. Now and then the old laws were put in force, and cruel punishments inflicted; as in the case of two young Quaker women, who were cruelly whipped from town to town. The husband of one of them followed them, trying to put his hat between the lash and his poor wife's bleeding back. But these horrid scenes, I am happy to say, became rarer and rarer.

A great peril now befell New England. Most of the Indians who had seen the frightful destruction of the Pequods were dead, and the children who at that time were too young to understand what was going on, had grown up to be warriors. Like their fathers, they could not forgive the white people for coming to America and taking their hunting-grounds for cornfields, and cities, and villages. Often and often, over their fires in the woods, they talked of