Democracies in Development: Politics and Reform in Latin America, Volume 1The spread of democracy over the past two decades in Latin America has contributed significantly to ensuring fundamental political freedom, civil liberties and human rights. Democracies in Development -- published in cooperation with the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance -- makes it clear that a legitimate and effective democracy is also essential for sustainable economic and social development. The book analyzes the effects of institutions on democratic systems, identifies regional trends in democratic reform, and assesses efforts to enhance governance. Chapters focus on the quality of democratic politics; citizen support for democracy and electoral participation; presidential democracy; political party systems; the balance of power between the executive and legislature; the authority of accountability agencies; and mechanisms to facilitate more direct citizen participation. Appendices outline the institutional structures of the region's democracies and examine voter turnout since 1978. The accompanying CD-ROM features country-by-country election results for presidential and legislative elections. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
Chapter Nine | 4 |
Chapter Two | 25 |
Chapter Three | 45 |
Chapter Four | 65 |
Chapter Five | 83 |
Chapter Six | 127 |
Chapter Seven | 155 |
Chapter Eight | 185 |
Direct Democracy Institutions in Latin America | 249 |
Chapter Eleven | 267 |
Summary of Selected Political Institutional Rules by Country | 279 |
Electoral Turnout in Latin America 19782000 | 329 |
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allocation Argentina assembly average blocked lists Bolivia Brazil budget cabinet Chapter Chile citizens closed and blocked coalitions Colombia congress Costa Rica D'Hondt democratic governability democratic systems deputies direct democracy direct democracy mechanisms district magnitude Dominican Rep Dominican Republic economic Ecuador Effective number El Salvador electoral campaigns Electoral management body electoral participation electoral system executive functions Guatemala Honduras institutionalized Latin America Latin American countries Latinobarómetro legislative elections legislature legitimacy lower house Mainwaring majoritarian majority runoff medium-sized districts member districts Mexico ministers Nicaragua number of parties Panama Paraguay Partido party lists party system percent period Peru plurality polarization political parties popular consultations president presidential and legislative presidential candidates presidential elections presidential term primary elections proportional representation proportional representation systems public funding reelection reforms regime region representative responses Salvador score seats senate Shugart Supreme Court survey Table tion trend turnout two-thirds Upper house Uruguay Venezuela veto voters