We

at p. 113, line 6th, of Mr Bryce's "Reader," with the middle meaning, "put off one's own crown or garland." It was proper to note this omission for two reasons: 1°. The Oxford Lexicon has no Middle marked, and hence Mr Bryce's meagre announcement; 2o By noting it with the authority, Mr Bryce might have supplemented all our lexicons; for, though Pape, Rost, and Palm give a Middle, they produce no authority; Rost says nothing; Pape says late. may thus turn Mr Bryce's meaning on himself. "He has deprived himself of a crown." How near was he to a discovery which would have made the Oxford lexicographers feel small, enlarged the "errata” of his colleague Donaldson, and withered the Rector and Carmichael into utter imbecility. What a pity that this loss should have been incurred by sheer ignorance of the outstanding desiderata?

67° P. 183. Siaorάo has future act. as well as future middle; but Mr Bryce ignores it; so does the Oxford Lexicon.

68°. P. 184. Acúкw. We cannot conceive why the active future is bracketed; it is classic.

69° 185. "Huŋv, imp. middle of eiuí, I am, occurs on pp. 114, 33, 137, 23; but neither in the paradigm nor vocabulary is there a trace of it.

70° P. 187. "'Eπeрeidw, pres. pass. to lean on;" but on p. 111, 12, of Mr Bryce's text, occurs aor. mid. Enpeiσaтo Bakтηpía, "leaned on a staff." What is the learner to think and say when he finds the aor. middle in the text, but dares not take the only meaning that will suit the passage, because in the Vocabulary it is confined to the passive voice? Here, again, the Oxford Lexicon has misled Mr Bryce. "Passive," it says, "to lean."

71 'Emileσis, application, exhibition, is omitted in Vocabulary. At p. 151 of the text it is joined with Tov papμákwv, but, notwithstanding this, Mr Bryce calls it a partitive genitive. Had ἐπίθεσιν not been

in the text, Mr Bryce would have had some ground for his assertion; but its presence is a bar, at least in the usual sense of a partitive genitive.

72 P. 195. Kopitw. The middle is omitted in Vocabulary, yet it occurs at p. 109 of the text.

78 P. 195. Kpágw has, with late authors, fut. act. kpáέw, as well 23 κεκράξομαι.

74° P. 196. Kvλivdéw, fut. -ýow, for kvλívdw. What is the meaning of this? Kuλavdouμevov is the manuscript reading, and is retained by Jacobitz in his second edition, as also by Dindorf in his Paris edition; but in the one which the latter prepared for Teubner, he has adopted kvλvdóμ-, as more Attic, in obedience to the precepts of Moeris. Is this inadvertency or ignorance? or is it mere trimming between the (so-called) purer form, which he adopts into the text, from intelligence or chance, and the less pure, which he imports into the Vocabulary from the Lexicon? "Kvλvdéw, Attic present," says the Oxford Lexicon, "for kvλívdw” !!

75° P. 201. Opitw, on p. 112 of the text, has middle, of which no hint is given in the Vocabulary.

76°. P. 202. Пanov is given in the Vocab. along with adv and racóv. In the text is given the Epic Tanova, from, we fancy, Reitz's edition, instead of the Attic raiva of the best manuscripts and the best editors (Jacobitz, Dindorf, etc.), “deídovτes Tainova," says Homer, Il. 22, 391; maiâva, Esch. Ag., 146 (Chor.); aιáv, Soph. O. R., 154 (Chor.); Eur. Ion., 141, (Chor.) Mr Bryce ought to have adopted the best reading-the Attic Prose form, and, if he pleased, might merely have referred learners to the Epic and Lyric forms, as varieties awaiting them at a more advanced stage of progress. His failure to do this raises a doubt of his ability. The man who offers "suggestions to teachers" is bound to prove himself capable of suggesting something worthy of their acceptance.

77 The following verbs, αποπέμπω, p. 135; ἐναύω, p. 137; λούω, p. 116, 7, 127, 21; περιδέω, p. 109, 22 ; περιπλέκω, p. 108, 14; προvoéw, p. 111, 12, are each supplied with tenses of the middle voice in the text, but are shorn of this voice altogether in the Vocabulary.

78° P. 209. Evvaρrá¿w, along with fut. act. -άow, has fut. mid. -áσoua, Ar. Lys., 437; Com. Frag., 3, 682; but Mr Bryce stops short with the Oxford Lexicon.

79°. P. 210. TíκTW, Téέw, of Mr Bryce's Vocabulary, has also middle Tégoua, in Mr Bryce's lessons, p. 117, 11.

80° P. 211. For iẞpiow, according to Mr Bryce and the Oxford Lexicon, we would rather say iẞp with Demosthenes, 21, 221; so for kapiow, with these two always harmonious authorities, we prefer Kilapio with the comic poet Antiphanes (Com. Frag. 3, 78.)

81°. Before concluding these remarks, we must be allowed to direct attention to the following lame and incorrect statement in p. 145, note 22, "Kaλon, the forms -oiny, -oins, etc., are generally adopted, in Attic, in the singular of contracted verbs in -áw, -éw, and -ów, instead of the common inflexions, -o, -ois, etc.

The fact is, that the phenomenon which Mr Bryce describes in these terms is confined to the forms in -éw and -ów, and that for άοιμι, μι, the Attics usually said -μην, never oίην, τελευτην, Plat. Gorg., 522, &c. We object also to Mr Bryce restricting this form entirely to the singular; Spunuev is required by the metre, Eur. Cycl., 132. Mr Bryce ought also to know that there is a notable exception, viz., kλáw; for example, iv' dκoλov@oins, Ar. Av., 340, but iva pèv ovv kλάou, 341; Kλaois, Esch., Supp., 925, admitting neither contraction nor any other change. Káw we never found contracted, but κάει, ἔκαε, κάομαι, etc.

82o P. 157. Obs. 7. Tǹv díkyv (ëλaße) is translated "the deserved punishment." The appointed, we should say, whether deserved or not. 83°. E used with indic. and optat. moods." Of course the subj. is excluded. We had thought that, even in Attic, the subj. is allowed in the Traged., and occasionally in the Comed. Ei μὴ 'κφάγῃς, εἰ μὴ σ' ἐκπίω, Ar. Eq., 700; εἰ ξυστῶσιν, Thuc., 6, 21 (Bekk.); e, Plat. Leg. 761 (Bekk.) In Lucian, the MSS. and editors vary on this point. Jacobitz, in his last edition (1852), retains subj. with ei in twelve instances at least, Dindorf, we think, in two only of these.

Having enumerated a few, among the more glaring, faults of the book, and shortcomings of its editor, we deem it our duty to add that the paper is good, that the type is beautiful, and that all the material accessories are creditable, in the highest degree, to the enterprising and intelligent publishers. But the publishers have been unlucky in their editor. He is essentially a third-rate pedant; smallminded, one-sided, shallow, and self-sufficient. His strainings after original "views" are as absurd as his attempts at English composition. His ideas are commonplace, and his language seldom rises above the nadir of slovenliness and vulgarity. In our critique of his so-called "Grammar, Reader, Exercise-Book, and Lexicon," we may have been occasionally a little particular, but we hope that we have been fair, although we cannot conceal that we have sometimes felt wroth enough at the sight of so much trash badly and inaccurately presented. In teaching, inaccuracy is concentrated poison to intellectual and moral life. But let us be grateful that every poison has its antidote, and that, in this case, the poison contains it. In all plainness, the book is tainted with an incurable disease, and is already dying of a pretentious ignorance of Greek.

The funeral is intended to be private, and the arrangements will, in due time, be precisely announced. The general outline, however, we suppose to be nearly the following:-The University of Dublin and the Edinburgh Academy to receive each a notice; Dr. Reuben to act as chief mourner, in the event of Mr. Archibald's fatherly feelings utterly unmanning him; each of the Edinburgh High School Masters to receive a ribbon; and Carmichael to pronounce the funeral oration.

Elements of Musical Science. By ROBERT BROWN. London: Hamilton, Adams, & Co. Edinburgh: John Menzies. 1860.

THAT the study of the Science of Music has been needlessly complicated and embarrassed by a too great variety of clefs, and by an endless profusion of rules for modulation, inversion, resolution, and other musical processes; and that the memory has been overburdened, while the intellect has not been sufficiently instructed, are facts that few in the present day will be inclined to dispute or deny. And hence it has arisen that many attempts have recently been made to simplify the study, by referring the student to first principles, instead of wearying him with dry mechanical rules. Some of these attempts have met with great success. For example, the tonic sol fa system, introduced by Dr Curwen, has been found of immense use in facilitating the reading of music; and, in the present able and well considered treatise, Mr Brown endeavours to simplify the study of harmony:

"The design of the following work," he says, "is to encourage and promote the study of harmony. The method which the author has been led to adopt, appears to him to possess advantages, both theoretical and practical, sufficient to warrant a publication, which would otherwise be justly considered superfluous. The great practical advantage aimed at, consists in simplifying the study by reducing all the combination of notes to their simplest

elements, which, in general, do not exceed five or six chords, or compound sounds; and in the most elaborate music, eleven or twelve; and by representing those sounds to the eye, in a running commentary under the bass. By this method, the student is gradually taught to analyse the works of the great composers for himself."

Mr Brown's method indeed, is an improvement on that of Logier, who set the example of writing the fundamental harmony on a separate line and consists in expressing the harmony over the fundamental bass, by signs which represent the true chords or sounds. Mr Brown makes a very successful attempt to reduce all music to one clef, and we should be glad to see his plan generally adopted. The clef he selects is the F or Bass clef, and he distinguishes the other parts from the Bass, by short bars attached to the clef, which direct the performer to take the notes one, two, or three octaves higher. Formerly, there were no fewer than nine clefs in use, the knowledge of which was a great and needless difficulty placed in the path of the student; and vocal music of the higher class, in four parts, is still often printed in four clefs-treble, alto, tenor, and Bass. But we must confess that, in spite of the alleged plea of necessity for retaining these in consequence of the different compass of voices and instruments, we can see no necessity for more than one; and we think that any person who impartially studies the first and twentieth chapters of Mr Brown's treatise, and sees the successful application of his single clef to both the vocal and instrumental scores of some of Handel's most elaborate works, will be induced to coincide with our opinion. The inconvenience of the complicated system of clefs-still in part retained-was early felt; and so far back as 1672, an Essay was pubfished by Thomas Salmon, M.A., of Trinity College, Oxford, containing a proposal for reducing all music to one clef, which has been quoted with approbation by many writers. We quite agree with Mr Brown when he says that by the complicated system of clefs, " an artificial difficulty was introduced into the study of music, which has no parallel in any other science." We cordially wish him success in his attempts to obviate this difficulty, as well as in his other ingenious efforts to simplify the study of harmony; and we have no hesitation in recommending his masterly treatise to the attentive consideration of all who take an interest in the promotion of that grand science which Luther placed only second to Theology.

ECCLESIASTICAL INTELLIGENCE.

The Queen has presented the Rev. Donald Murray Simpson to Aharcle, in the Presbytery of Mull, and county of Argyle, vacant by the transfer of the Rev. Donald Fayden to the parish of Ardnamurchan, in the same Presbytery.

The Rev. James MacDonnell has been appointed assistant and successor to the Rev. Alexander Wood, in the parish of Rosemarkie, in the Presbytery of Chanonry, and county of Ross.

Newton Parish Church.-The congregation of this church have_resolved to fill the vacancy caused by the removal of the Rev. Mr Wallace to Edinburgh, by calling the Rev. John M'Leod, son of the Rev. Dr M'Leod of Morven, to the charge. It is expected that Mr M'Leod will accept the call.

THE RELIGION OF PROFESSING CHRISTIANS.

In this paper will be described what comes under the observation of the world. I am not going to analyse, so much as to detail facts. Suppose a newly appointed servant of Government to have arrived at any of the presidency towns, with his eyes open, and a mind behind them capable of interpreting what they read, he would at once be struck with the difference of the observable phenomena of religion in India, from what he had been accustomed to at home in the United Kingdom. The writer of this article, for example, happened to arrive in a presidency town on a Sabbath, and having to put up at one of the large hotels, heard and saw on the Lord's Day, things of the most immoral and devilish nature, among men and women calling themselves ladies and gentlemen, while only two days afterwards he found himself in society where it was evident that a very high tone of Christianity prevailed, nay, where a more open and unmistakeable profession of Christianity than that in England, prevailed. In fact, during that first week's stay in the country, the writer had learned that the character of the British in India, was of two extremes, viz. ; "the bad were very bad-the good, very good." And the succeeding experience has gone to prove the first impression right. Here iet a caution be entered. It may happen that many who have been n India, or are in India now, may only have seen one side of the question. Let any such suspend judgment till they have made sure

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