Chemistry and Technology of LubricantsThe use of lubricants began in ancient times and has developed into a major international business through the need to lubricate machines of increasing complexity. The impetus for lubricant development has arisen from need, so lubricating practice has preceded an understanding of the scientific principles. This is not surprising as the scientific basis of the technology is, by nature, highly complex and interdisciplinary. However, we believe that the understanding of lubricant phenomena will continue to be developed at a molecular level to meet future challenges. These challenges will include the control of emissions from internal combustion engines, the reduction of friction and wear in and continuing improvements to lubricant performance and machinery, life-time. More recently, there has been an increased understanding of the chemical aspects of lubrication, which has complemented the knowledge and understanding gained through studies dealing with physics and engineering. This book aims to bring together this chemical information and present it in a practical way. It is written by chemists who are authorities in the various specialisations within the lubricating industry, and is intended to be of interest to chemists who may already be working in the lubricating industry or in academia, and who are seeking a chemist's view of lubrication. It will also be of benefit to engineers and technologists familiar with the industry who require a more fundamental understanding of lubricants. |
Contents
2 | |
5 | 22 |
6 | 30 |
5 | 46 |
7 | 69 |
Detergents and dispersants | 77 |
3 | 86 |
References | 95 |
References | 201 |
5 | 207 |
6 | 216 |
Industrial lubricants | 228 |
3 | 241 |
Aviation lubricants | 264 |
Acknowledgement | 286 |
Lubricating grease | 306 |
5 | 107 |
6 | 139 |
2 | 145 |
5 | 170 |
3 | 189 |
Acknowledgements | 319 |
Lubricants and their environmental impact | 349 |
References | 370 |
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Common terms and phrases
acid additives aircraft alcohols alkyl anti-wear antioxidants applications aromatic ashless ASTM automotive base fluids base oil base stocks biodegradability carbon catalyst chain chemical chemistry combustion components compounds compressor containing copolymers corrosion crankcase crude oil cutting fluids de-waxing degradation detergents developed diesel engine dispersant distillation effect engine oils engine tests environmental esters Figure film formation formulation friction fuel gas turbine gear grease high temperature hydraulic fluids hydrocarbon hydrocracked hydrogen hydroperoxide hydrotreatment increased inhibitors low temperature lube lubricating oil manufacture materials mechanism metal surface mineral oil molecular weight molecules naphthenic operation overbased oxidation stability oxygen paraffinic Patent performance phenols piston polar polyalphaolefins polybutene polymer pour point properties range re-refined reaction reactive residue result SAE Paper shear stability sludge solid solubility solvent structure sulfonates sulphur synthetic thermal stability thickening tion tribological viscosity index viscosity index improvers wear ZDDP ZnDTP