of the same course. If the education deserve to be called good, the pupil will not remain ignorant of those discoveries, the most remarkable of the extension of the field of human knowledge, which have

prehend them, except his mind be previously disciplined by mechanical studies."-Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences.

the forms of each period have passed into those of the next. We find, too, that strata which must have been at first horizontal and continuous, have undergone enormous dislocations and ruptures. And we have to consider the possible effect of aque-ever occurred. Yet he cannot by possibility comous and volcanic causes to produce such changes in the earth's crust. We are thus led to the causes which have produced the present state of things on the earth's surface. And these are causes to which we may hypothetically ascribe not only the form and position of the inert materials of the earth, but also the nature and distribution of its animal and vegetable population. Man, too, no less than other animals, is affected by the operation of such causes as we have referred to, and must therefore be included in such speculations. But man's history only begins where that of other animals ends, with his mere existence. They are stationary; he is progressive. Other species of animals once brought into being, continue the same through all ages: man is changing from age to age, his language, his thoughts, his works. Yet even these changes are bound together by laws of causation, and these causes too may become objects of scientific inquiry.

* Thus we are led by a close and natural connection through a series of causes, from those which regulate the imperceptible changes of the remotest nebula in the heavens to those which determine the diversities of language, the mutations of art, and even the progress of civilization, polity and literature."-Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences.

"Man is his own star; and the soul that can
Render an honest and a perfect man,
Command all light, all influence, all fate,
Nothing falls to him early or too late.

Our acts our angels are, or good or ill,
Our fatal shadows that walk by us still."
[Francis Beaumont.

"Those golden letters which so brightly shine
In Heaven's great volume gorgeously divine."-Id.
"It is undoubtedly in the highest degree desirable
that all great advances in science should become
the common property of all cultivated men.
this can only be done by introducing into the course
of a liberal education such studies as unfold and fix

And

in all men's minds the fundamental ideas upon

This is the process of our love and wisdom
To each poor brother who offends against us
Most innocent perhaps and what if guilty?
Is this the only cure? Merciful God!
Each pore and natural outlet shrivelled up
By ignorance and parching poverty,-
His energies roll back upon his heart,
And stagnate and corrupt till, changed to poison,
They break out on him like a loathsome plague spot.
Then we call in our pampered mountebanks;
And this is their best cure!-uncomforted
And friendless solitude-groaning and tears,
And savage faces at the clanking hour,
Seen through the steam and vapors of his dungeon
By the lamp's dismal twilight! So he lies
Circled with evil, till his very soul
Unmoulds its essence, hopelessly deformed
By sights of evermore deformity!
With other ministrations, thou, O Nature,
Healest thy wandering and distempered child:
Thou pourest on him thy soft influences,
Thy sunny hues, fair forms, and breathing sweets,
Thy melodies of woods and winds and waters,
Till he relent, and can no more endure
To be a jarring and dissonant thing
Amidst this general dance and minstrelsy,
But, bursting into tears, wins back his way,
His angry spirit healed and harmonized
By the benignant touch of love and beauty.
[Coleridge's Remorse.

Let Man then walk meek, humble, pure and just;
Though meek, yet dignified-though humble, raised,—
The heir of life and immortality,

Conscious that in this awful world he stands

The only of all living things ordained

To think and know and feel "there is a God."
[Rev. W. S. Bowles.

POETRY.

Poetry is the utterance of a passion for truth, its conceptions by imagination and fancy, and modubeauty and power, and embodying and illustrating lating its language on the principle of variety in uniformity. Its means are whatever the universe

contains, and its ends are pleasure and exaltation.— Leigh Hunt.

which the undiscovered truths rest. The progress made by the ancients in Geography, Astronomy, and other sciences, led them to assign, wisely and well, a place to arithmetic and geometry, among the steps of an ingenious education. The discov"It has been thought by some that we can trace eries of modern times have rendered these steps systems, more or less like our solar system, in the still more indispensable, for we cannot consider a man cultivated up to the times, if he is not only process of formation; the nebulous matter which ignorant of, but incapable of comprehending the is at first expansive and attenuated, condensing And gradually into suns and planets. Whether the nebgreatest achievement of the human intellect. as innumerable discoveries of all ages have thus ular system be tenable or no, I shall not here inquire, but the discussion of such a question would secured to geometry her place as a part of a good be closely connected with geology, both in its intereducation, the great discoveries of Newton make it ests and in its methods."-Whewell's Hist. of Inducproper to introduce Elementary Mechanics as a part tive Sciences.

The Commonly Received English Version of

the Bible.

ing of these venerable men, will find a roll and a short biography of each in Dr. Townley's Illustrations of Biblical Literature, Vol. 3, p. 290.

For the guidance of these translators, fourteen most wise and judicious rules were given, which may be found in the English Hexapla,"p. 154.

..

For two hundred and forty years has this authorized and admirable translation of the Sacred Scriptures remained as a monument of the piety and scholarship of that time. It is true that it is not in the modern dress of much of the romantic literature that is written to minister to a depraved taste. The judicious and learned translators wrote in a purer Saxon idiom than has been fashionable of late, considering that the in-gaged in the work. That of each individual was to be

The translators were divided into four companies. Every particular man of each company was to traus late each chapter and verse by himself. Thus there were originally as many translations as individuals en

submitted to the company, and from all these the comtermingling of shreds of cheap foreign finery brought pany was to prepare a translation. This translation in from France and Italy would adulterate and deform, adopted by each company, was then to be submitted to rather than beautify and enrich their style. This each of the other companies and from all was to be one carefully revised and adopted, as the translation aptranslation is not faultless. No discreet critic has pre-proved by the whole body. Every part of the Bible tended this, but doubtless what may be termed the would thus pass through the hands, and be examined by Saxon body of our vernacular is better embalmed in the whole body of the translators, separately and collecour English version than any other writings of two tively fourteen times distinctly, and some parts, upon which there was diversity of opinion, seventeen times. hundred and forty years standing; and we should de- According to these instructions the work was entered plore the disintegrating process of the Don Quixotical upon. After all these men had been engaged most inrevisors, who are disposed to make every word which dustriously and constantly for three whole years, they had made out three copies of the translation, and deis now unfashionable, tally with modern fashions. Soon after the accession of James the First to the termined to appoint six of their number, from these three copies to form one. The six persons thus apthrone of England, Dr.Reynolds, a distinguished di-pointed associated with themselves six others, so that vine of that period, suggested the desirableness of a "new translation of the Bible."

At this time, there were, it is believed, living in England, as many, if not more, Bible critics, who were thoroughly acquainted with the Greek and Hebrew, and the Oriental languages, as during any period of time, either before or since. On this account this age is termed seculum magnatum, (the age of great men.) More than a hundred illustrious men might be mentioned,whose talents and learning in Biblical literature, the learned of all later times have gratefully acknowledged.

Of the most eminent men in the kingdom, by a letter of the King, dated, July 22nd, 1604, fifty four were selected and authorized to make a " translation of the Bible into English."

the whole committee consisted of twelve select men, whose duty it was to review and complete the work. They were occupied about half a year, and their work was then referred to Dr. Bilson, of Winchester, and to Dr. Miles Smith, afterwards Bishop of Gloucester, who were appointed to give the whole work its final revision, to prefix summaries of the contents of the several chapters, and to write a preface.

The result of all this labor was the production of the English Bible. It was first published in London, in 1611, in large black letter folio, with the title it still bears

Thus, from the time of the appointment of the translators till the publication, was a period of six years. The time actually employed was nearly four years.

The great work which they produced has already These men were to be assisted by all the wise lin- the seal of two hundred years upon it. Time, which guists in England. In writing to Dr. Bancroft, Arch-which has swept away the King who ordered and the bishop of Canterbury, the King says: "Furthermore, men who accomplished it, has left it unchanged. we require you to move all our bishops, to inform them- Against all attempts at alteration and amendment, it selves of such learned men in their diocese, as having has stood unshaken. In 1653, during the Protectorate especial skill in the Hebrew and Greek tongues, have of Cromwell, the subject of improving this translation taken pains in their private studies of the scriptures, for was referred to a committee of learned men, among the clearing of any obscurities, either in the Hebrew or whom were Dr. Walton and Dr. Cudworth, but instead in the Greek, or touching any difficulties in the former of attempting to do so, they agreed to leave it as it was, English translation, which we have now commended declaring it "to be the best of any translation in the to be thoroughly viewed and amended; and thereupon world." Says Dr. Townley," the highest eulogiums to write to them, earnestly charging them, and signify-have been passed upon this version by the most compeing our pleasure therein, that they may send such of petent critics," "and indeed," says Dr. Geddes, "if their observations, either to Mr. Levelie, our Hebrew accuracy, fidelity, and the strictest attention to the letreader in Cambridge, or to Dr. Harding our Hebrewter of the text, be supposed to constitute the qualities reader in Oxford, or to Dr. Andrews, Dean of West- of an excellent version, this, of all versions, must in minister, to be imparted to the rest of their several com-general, be accounted the most excellent. Every senpanies, that so our intended translation may have the tence, every word, every syllable, every letter, every help and furtherance of all our principal learned men point, seem to have been weighed with the nicest exwithin this our kingdom." actitude, and expressed either in the text, or margin

To the places mentioned in this letter, the men ap-with the greatest precision." pointed were to repair in order that they might have the council and assistance of one another; that they might give themselves wholly to their work, and that they might have access to the manuscript and printed copies of the Bible, so many of the most valuable of which, then known, were contained in the libraries of these Universities.

BEAUTIFUL ALLEGORY.-A basso-relievo on one of the sarcophagi at Pompeii represents a very happy allegory of the flight of the immortal soul from the frail bark of mortality. A ship has returned from her voyage-she has reached her port-the helmsman has relinquished the helm-the attendant genii, whom we may suppose to represent the ordinary faculties of human sense, feeling, Of such persons appointed, forty-seven actually assembled at the place designated, and commenced the perception, &c., are going aloft to furl the sails, and the picturesque conception happily concludes, as a bird soars work of translation in the early part of the year 1607. away, with expanded wings, from the mast-head-the Those who desire to know the character and stand-beautiful emblem of the soul, steering direct to Heaven.

NEW YORK, July 1st, 1850.

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THE DISTRICT SCHOOL
SCHOOL JOURNAL

OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

ALBANY, AUGUST, 1850.

acter as an artist. When he was employed by Pope Julius the Second on his Mausoleum, he had twice re

Angelo, full of the great and sublime idea of his art, lived very much alone, and never suffered a day to pass without handling his chisel or his pencil.quested to see his Holiness, without success. He told When some one reproached him for living so solitary a life, he said, "Art is a jealous thing; it requires the whole and entire man."

the chamberlain, on his second refusal, "When his Holiness asks to see me, tell him that I am not to he met with." Soon afterwards he set out for Florence. The Pope despatched messenger after messenger to him; and he at last returned to Rome, when Julius very readily forgave him, and would never permit any of his enemies or detractors to say anything against him in his presence. Some of his rivals, wishing to put him upon an undertaking for which they thought him

On being asked why he did not marry, he said, My art is my wife, and gives me all the trouble that a married life could do. My works will be my children. Who would ever hear of Ghilenti, if he had not made the Gates of St. John? His children have dissipated his fortune-his Gates remain." On being asked, one day, what he thought of Ghi-ill-qualified, recommended to Julius the Second to enlenti's "Gates?" "They are so beautiful that they might serve for the Gates of Paradise," replied Angelo.

He went one day with Vasari to see Titian at work, at the Palace of the Belvidere, at Rome, who had then his picture of Danae on his easel. When they returned, Angelo said to Vasari, "I much approve of Titian's coloring, and his manner of work, but what a pity it is, that in the Venetian school they do not learn to draw correctly, and that they do not have a better taste of study! If Titian's talents had been seconded by a knowledge of art and of drawing, it would have been impossible for any one to have done more or better. He possesses a great share of genius, and a grand and lively manner; but nothing is more certain than this, that the painter who is not more profound in drawing, and has not dilligently studied the chosen works of the ancients and moderns, can never do anything well of himself, nor make a proper use of what he draws after nature; because he cannot apply to it that grace, that perfection of art, which is not to be found in the common order of na- | ture, where we generally see some parts which are not very beautiful.”

He was extremely disinterested. For his immortal design of the Church of St. Peter, at Rome, he received only twenty-five Roman crowns: it was finished in a fortnight-San Gallo had been many years about his wretched models and received four thousand crowns for them. This being told to Angelo, he said, "I work for God, and desire no other recompense."

His disinterestedness did not make him forget the honor of his art, which he would not sacrifice ven to his friends. Signior Doni, who was an intimate friend of Michael Angelo, desired to have a picture painted by him. Angelo painted the picture for him, and sent it to him, with a receipt for seventy crowns. Doni returned him word,'that he thought forty crowns were sufficient for the picture. Angelo gave him to understand that he now asked one hundred crowns. Doni informed him that he would now give him seventy crowns. Angelo sent him for answer, that he must either send back the picture, or give him one hundred and forty crowns. Doni kept the picture, and paid him the money he asked.

gage him to paint the Sestine Chapel, This he effected with such success, that it was no less the envy of his contemporaries than it is the admiration of the present times: and the great style in which it is done struck Raphael so forcibly, that he changed his manner of painting, and formed himself upon this grand and sublime model of art. When it was finished, the Pope, unconscious perhaps of the native dignity of simplicity, told him that the chapel appeared cold and mean, and that there wanted some brilliancy of coloring and some gilding to be added to it. 'Holy Father," answered Michael Angelo," formerly men did not dress as they do in the present time in gold and silver; those personages whom I have represented in my pictures in this chapel, were not persons of wealth but saints who despised all pomp and riches."

Under the Papacy of Julius the Third, the faction of his rival, San Gallo, gave him some trouble respecting the building of St. Peter's, and went so far as to prevail upon the Pope to appoint a committee to examine the fabric. Julius told him that a particular part of the church was dark. "Who told you that, Holy Father?" replied the artist. "I did," replied Cardinal Marcallo. "Your eminence should consider, then," said Angelo," that besides the window there is at present, I intend to have three more on the ceiling of the church. "You did not tell us so," replied the Cardinal. "No indeed, I did not, sir," answered the artist; "I am not obliged to do it, and I would never consent to be obliged to tell your eminence, or any person whosoever, anything concerning it. Your business is to see that money is plenty in Rome; that there are no thieves there; to let me alone; and to permit me to go on with my plan as I please."

Angelo worked by night at his sculpture with his hat on his head, and a candle on it; this saved his eyes, and threw the light upon the figure properly. He never desired to show any work of his to any one until it was finished-on Vasari's coming in one evening to see an unfinished figure, Michael Angelo put out the cardle, as if by accident, and Vasari lost his errand.

This great artist was extremely frugal, temperate, and laborious, and s persevering in his work, that he used occasionally at night to get upon the bed with his clothes on. To young men of talent and of dilli

Angelo was ever jealous of the dignity of his char-gence he was extremely attentive; and as he was su