Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines |
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air flow air/fuel mixture air/fuel ratio alloy Automotive bmep calorific value camshaft carbon carburettor cast iron catalyst cent combustion chamber compression ignition engines compression ratio compression stroke compressor constant contact breaker crankshaft cylinder head diagram Diesel cycle direct injection engines dynamometer effect electronic emissions engine speed equivalence ratio exhaust gas exhaust valve flame front friction fuel economy fuel injection heat transfer in-line increases induction and exhaust injector inlet valve internal combustion engines isentropic knock litre load lubrication mass flow rate maximum mechanical models naturally aspirated nozzle occur octane number operating petrol piston power output pressure drop pressure ratio pump reduced rotor shown in figure spark ignition engines spark plug specific fuel consumption stoichiometric stratified charge engines swept volume swirl T₁ temperature thermodynamic throttle top dead centre torque turbine turbocharged engine turbocharger turbulence two-stroke typical unburnt velocity volumetric efficiency