In the control room and offices fluorescent fixtures are used since a high intensity of illumination can be obtained without disturbing glare and reflections. Suspended louvered type fixtures are used in the offices, laboratories, and similar areas. A special overall luminous ceiling is installed in the control room. The ceiling is constructed of a suspended small "egg crate" louvered plastic material. Open fluorescent lamps are installed above the plastic ceiling which results in a low brightness ceiling with well-diffused light. Figure 105 is a single-line diagram of the lighting system for Palisades Powerplant, and figure 106 shows a typical lighting installation. 86. Communications. - (a) Telephone Switchboard.-- A private automatic dial switchboard for unattended operation was purchased to provide service for the powerplant, switchyard, and three extensions in the Government camp. The board has an ultimate capacity of 30 lines with provision for 6 simultaneous conversations, and is initially equipped for 20 lines and 4 simultaneous conversations. All lines are single party lines. The powerplant operator's line has executive right-of-way and facilities which will permit the operator to patch the carrier-current telephone channels through the automatic board to the powerplant or Government camp. An 11-pair telephone cable was installed between the powerplant and the Government camp. (b) Coupling Capacitors.--Two coupling capacitors are installed, one each on phase A of the 115-kilovolt Palisades to Goshen lines 1 and 2. They are used for phaseto-ground coupling of the carrier telephone channels. (c) Carrier-Current Equipment.--Carrier-current telephone equipment was provided at Palisades Powerplant in cooperation with the Idaho Power Company and the Utah Power and Light Company to provide communication with their dispatchers. A singlefrequency, automatic, simplex, carrier-current transmitter receiver telephone set for operation on 105 kilocycles was furnished by the Idaho Power Company. This channel permits communication with their dispatcher at Boise, Idaho, via Goshen substation and their Don substation. At Don substation they can patch this voice circuit to their microwave channel to American Falls Powerplant where it can be retransmitted by carrier to the Bureau's Minidoka Powerplant. A two-frequency duplex carrier-current transmitter receiver telephone set for operation at 60 and 87 kilocycles was purchased to permit communication with Goshen substation and with the Utah Power and Light Company dispatcher by patching this voice circuit at Goshen substation. Both carrier channels are trapped to minimize losses into the station bus and the channels are coupled phase-toground. (d) Stream Gage.-- A Leupold-Stevens water level telemeter system was furnished to telemeter the downstream river water level to the powerplant. A selsyn system was furnished in order to provide continuous telemetering with an overall accuracy of 0.01 foot. A seven-conductor, No. 12 AWG control cable was installed from the powerplant recorder to the river gage house near the Government camp. Two wires are for telephone communication for calibrating the telemeter system. 87. Sanitary System. The sanitary system consists of a concrete septic tank and distribution box, and a disposal field of 4-inch tile. Sewage flows through pipes of the sewerage system by gravity to the septic tank adjacent to the machine shop and on to the disposal field which is downstream from the powerplant. The septic tank was designed for the equivalent of 8 operating personnel at 50 gallons per day each, 37 visitors at 17 gallons per day each, a 24-hour detention period, and 15 percent additional capacity for sludge. To prevent settlement in fill material, the septic tank is supported by concrete piers extending to solid rock. 88. Heating and Ventilating System. - Ventilation of the powerplant is provided for the comfort and protection of personnel, the partial distribution and removal of heat, the relief of dampness, and the disposal of contaminated air. Recirculated air is provided at the rate of 12 changes per hour for the control room, 2-1/4 changes per hour for the generator area, service area and lower galleries, and 3 changes per hour for the machine shop. To compensate for the air being exhausted, fresh outside air is furnished for the building as a whole at a rate which varies from approximately 1-1/4 changes per hour in the summer to a minimum of 1/3 change per hour in the winter. STATION SERVICE SYSTEM-LIGHTING DISTR. PANELS-SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM. 456-D-588 SERVICE BAY S-EL. 5364.37 TO EL.5397.50- UNITS I AND 2 LINE "D" TO LINE"d"-EL. 5364.37 TO EL. 5397.50_. UNITS I AND 2 LINE "d" TO LINE "g"- EL. 5364.37 TO EL. 5397.50.. UNITS 3 AND 4 LINE "b" TO LINE"d"- EL. 5364.37 TO EL.5397.50_ 456-D-134 Figure 105. --Palisades Powerplant lighting installation--Secondary distribution single-line diagram. The quantity of outside air is varied thermostatically according to the outside air temperature. Exhaust fans are mounted high in the generator room and in toilets and oil storage rooms of the service portion of the building for removal of overheated or contaminated air. A design ambient temperature of -20° F. was used to compute the heating load for the powerplant. The heat is provided in the powerplant by means of electric finstrip heaters, convection heaters, duct heaters, and unit heaters. Electric finstrip heaters are mounted in the duct system to warm the ventilation air, which is distributed by blower fans through the ducts to the office and service portions of the building, and directly to the interior of the generator room. Additional heat is supplied where needed by electric convection heaters, duct heaters, and unit heaters, the latter being used in the electrical and pipe galleries, machine shop, and adjoining small structures. Additional circulating fans and door louvers augment the air and heat distribution in the service and office portions of the building. The cooling air from the generators after being warmed by recirculation through the generators, is discharged directly to the generator room, thereby supplementing the normal heat supply. No cooling is provided for the building except as is furnished by outside air circulation. Neither is provision made for the control of humidity. Figure 107 shows some details of the heating and ventilation system. C. Major Hydraulic Equipment 89. Hydraulic Turbines. - (a) Operating Requirements.-- Palisades Powerplant has four turbines designed to operate at 163.6 revolutions per minute and provide 39,500 horsepower at full gate opening under an effective head of 190 feet. The effective head on the turbines may vary between 109 and 245 feet. At heads above 190 feet, the turbine output is limited to the generator rating by restricting the turbine gate opening. The best efficiency of the turbine is warranted to be 90 percent, which is obtained under an effective head of 190 feet with a turbine output of 33,000 horsepower. (b) Design. The turbines (fig. 108) were designed and built by S. Morgan Smith Co., York, Pa. Their operating characteristics and design information are summed up on the hydraulic turbine data sheet, figure 109. Figure 110 shows the turbine water passage calibration for unit 1. Each turbine was designed and constructed so that all removable parts, including runner, main shaft, main guide bearing, guide bearing support, head cover, bottom ring, gate mechanism, and the wicket gates could be removed through the generator stator by means of the powerhouse crane. Provision was made in the design to allow vertical movement of the main shafts and runners for purposes of adjusting or removing the generator thrust bearing and removing the generator shaft. The turbine runner is of the Francis type with 17 buckets and is of cast steel construction. It was designed and constructed to safely withstand the stresses due to operation at runaway speed at maximum head including pressure rise with turbine gates wide open and with no load on the generators except windage and friction. The runner will support its own weight and the weight of the main shaft, when the latter is disconnected from the generator shaft and the runner is resting on a shoulder in the discharge ring. The turbine shaft is made of forged steel and was designed to operate at full runaway speed without vibration or objectionable distortion. A 4-inch hole is bored axially through the entire length of the shaft for visual inspection of the metal in the shaft interior. The turbine shaft is polished where it passes through the guide bearing, and a removable and renewable stainless steel sleeve is provided at the packing box. A babbitt-lined, split-sleeve guide bearing is provided on the turbine main shaft. The bearing is lubricated by a gravity oil circulating system with two 4-1/2g.p.m. motor-driven oil pumps, one a normal alternating-current unit and the other a standby direct-current unit which starts automatically if the oil level drops to a predetermined level in the upper reservoir. The oil pumps take oil from the basin below the bearing and deliver it to the reservoir above the bearing, where the oil flows by gravity through the bearing to the lower basin. The turbine oil system has a capacity of 45 gallons. |