In addition to the specific appropriations for the Bureau of Education, the Bureau shares in several appropriations made for the Department of the Interior as a whole. Such appropriations are those for contingent expenses, for stationery, for postage, and for public printing and binding. Of the appropriations for printing and binding, the sum of $20,000 for each of the two fiscal years was made available for printing and binding the annual report of the Commissioner of Education. For the year ending June 30, 1908, the Department allotted tentatively the sum of $40,000 for the printing and binding of the Bureau.

Education in Alaska.-With respect to education in Alaska, the act making appropriations for sundry civil expenses for the year ending June 30, 1908, provides "that all expenditure of money appropriated herein for school purposes in Alaska shall be under the supervision and direction of the Commissioner of Education and in conformity with such conditions, rules, and regulations as to conduct and methods of instruction and expenditure of money as may from time to time be recommended by him and approved by the Secretary of the Interior." (Chap. 2918, Mar. 4, 1907.)

Education in Alaska.-Permits the assignment by teachers and other employees of the United States Bureau of Education in Alaska of their pay, and authorizes the reimbursement of school teachers in Alaska for expenses incurred by them in the discharge of their duties and paid from their personal funds. (Public Res., No. 10, Mar. 21, 1906.)

Reindeer for Alaska.-In connection with the appropriation for reindeer, Congress provided that "all reindeer owned by the United States in Alaska shall as soon as practicable be turned over to the missions in Alaska, to be held and used by them under such conditions as the Secretary of the Interior shall prescribe." (Chap. 3914, June 30, 1906.)

That provision was modified by an act of Congress approved March 4, 1907 (chap. 2918), so as to read as follows: "All reindeer owned by the United States in Alaska shall as soon as practicable be turned over to missions in or natives of Alaska, to be held and used by them under such conditions as the Secretary of the Interior shall prescribe." The same act also authorized the sale of surplus male reindeer.

COLLEGES OF AGRICULTURE AND THE MECHANIC ARTS.

Under the provisions of an act of Congress approved August 30, 1890, popularly known as the second Morrill Act," a continuing appropriation was made to each State and Territory in aid of the colleges of agriculture and the mechanic arts established under an act of Congress approved July 2, 1862. The amount appropriated by the act was $15,000 for the year ending June 30, 1890, with an annual increase thereafter of $1,000 over the amount for the preceding year until the annual appropriation to each State and Territory should amount to $25,000, which sum should be appropriated annually thereafter. The total amount paid to the several States and Territories under that act for the year ending June 30, 1907, was $1,200,000. During the second session of the Fifty-ninth Congress the following provision, known as the "Nelson amendment," was incorporated in the act making appropriations for the Department of Agriculture:

That there shall be, and hereby is, annually appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to be paid as hereinafter provided. to each State and Territory for the more complete endowment and maintenance of agricultural colleges now established, or which may hereafter be established, in accordance with the Act of Congress approved July second, eighteen hundred ED 1906-VOL 2- -38

and sixty-two, and the Act of Congress approved August thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety, the sum of five thousand dollars, in addition to the sums named in the said Act, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eight, and an annual increase of the amount of such appropriation thereafter for four years by an additional sum of five thousand dollars over the preceding year, and the annual sum to be paid thereafter to each State and Territory shall be fifty thousand dollars, to be applied only for the purposes of the agricultural colleges as defined and limited in the Act of Congress approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and the Act of Congress approved August thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety.

That the sum hereby appropriated to the States and Territories for the further endowment and support of the colleges shall be paid by, to, and in the manner prescribed by the Act of Congress approved August thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety, entitled "An Act to apply a portion of the proceeds of the public lands to the more complete endowment and support of the colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts established under the provisions of the Act of Congress approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixtytwo," and the expenditure of the said money shall be governed in all respects by the provisions of the said Act of Congress approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and the said Act of Congress approved August thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety: Provided, That said colleges may use a portion of this money for providing courses for the special preparation of instructors for teaching the elements of agriculture and the mechanic arts. (Chap. 2907, Mar. 4, 1907.)

The administration of the act of August 30, 1890, and consequently of the Nelson amendment to the act of March 4, 1907, was committed by Congress to the Secretary of the Interior. The Bureau of Education acts as the medium of communication between the Department and the institutions concerned and collects and examines the reports that are to be made by these institutions to the Secretary of the Interior.

The total amount to be paid to these institutions for the year ending June 30, 1908, is $1,440,000. The additional funds appropriated are to be expended for the same purposes as are the funds received under the act of August 30, 1890, with the proviso, however, that a portion of the increase may be expended for the training of teachers of the elements of agriculture and the mechanic

arts.

LAND GRANTS.

The Fifty-ninth Congress did not make many grants of land for educational purposes, and, aside from the enactments in favor of California and Oklahoma, the few that were made are of minor importance. The Congress provided for large grants of land and money for a new State to be composed of the Territories of Arizona and New Mexico. As the offer of statehood was not accepted by Arizona under the conditions prescribed by Congress, the grants of land and money authorized for the new State became null and void, and are therefore not included in this summary.

States and Territories.—Ten per cent of all money received from each forest reserve during any fiscal year shall be paid at the end thereof to the State or Territory in which said reserve is situated, to be expended as the State or Territorial legislature may prescribe for the benefit of the public schools and public roads of the county or counties in which the forest reserve is located; the amount to be paid to any one county is limited to 40 per cent of the total income of such county from all other sources. (Chap. 3913, June 30, 1906.) California.-Appropriates to the State of California 5 per cent of the net proceeds of the cash sales of public lands which have been heretofore made since the admission of said State, or may hereafter be made in said State, to aid in the support of the public or common schools. (Chap. 3557, June 27, 1906.)

Colorado Agricultural College.-Grants 160 acres of land to be used for forestry experimental purposes. (Chap. 2565, Mar. 2, 1907.)

Florida.-Conveys to the board of public instruction of St. Johns County a piece of ground in St. Augustine, known as The Lines," for school purposes. (Chap. 1179, Feb. 21, 1907.)

Idaho.-Grants 34 acres of land to school district No. 57, in Nez Perces County. (Chap. 3580, June 28, 1906.)

Montana.-Authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to dispose of the Fort Shaw Military Reservation, and to reserve for Indian school purposes that part of section 2 lying south of Sun River, all of sections 11, 14, and 23, and that portion of section 26 lying within the limits of the reservation. (Chap. 3066, June 9, 1906.)

Montana College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts.-Leases one section of land for the period of ten years for the purpose of maintaining thereon experiments in so-called dry-land farming and other experimental farming operations connected with the institution. (Chap. 3586, June 28, 1906.)

Oklahoma.—Grants one section (640 acres) of land for the University Preparatory School. (Chap. 3617, June 29, 1906.)

Oklahoma (when admitted to the Union).-Grants sections 16 and 36 in every township in Oklahoma Territory for common schools. Appropriates $5,000,000 for common schools in lieu of sections 16 and 36 and other lands of Indian Territory. Grants section 13 in the Cherokee Outlet, the Tonkawa Indian Reservation, and the Pawnee Indian Reservation for the use and benefit of certain institutions, as follows: The University of Oklahoma and the University Preparatory School, one-third; the normal schools, one-third; the Agricultural and Mechanical College and the Colored Agricultural and Normal University, onethird. Appropriates 5 per cent of the proceeds of the sales of public lands in said State as a permanent fund for the support of common schools. Grants, in lieu of lands for internal improvement and swamp-land grants, for the benefit of the University of Oklahoma, 250,000 acres; University Preparatory School, 150,000 acres; Agricultural and Mechanical College, 250,000 acres; Colored Agricultural and Normal University, 100,000 acres; normal schools, 300,000 acres. (Chap. 3335, June 16, 1906.)

Oklahoma.-Provides for the establishment of town sites and for the sale of lots within the common lands of the Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Indians in Oklahoma, and reserves one block in each town site for the establishment of common schools under the laws of Oklahoma. (Chap. 1125, Mar. 20, 1906.)

Oklahoma.-Authorizes the legislature of the State of Oklahoma, when the State of Oklahoma shall have been admitted, to grant one section of school lands to the board of education of the city of Chandler, Lincoln County, for school purposes. (Chap. 2934, Mar. 4, 1907.)

Oklahoma, University of.-Grants one section of land reserved for common school purposes to the university for campus and building purposes, providing the legislature of Oklahoma shall assent thereto. (Chap. 1199, Feb. 25, 1907.) Oklahoma: Sisters of St. Francis.-Grants to the order of the Sisters of St. Francis 160 acres of land on which the St. Louis school, near Pawhuska, is located, and 160 acres on which the St. Johns school, on Homing Creek, Osage Indian Reservation, is located. (Chap. 3572, June 28, 1906.)

South Dakota.-Provides for the sale and disposition of a portion of the surplus or unallotted lands in the Rosebud Indian Reservation in South Dakota, and grants sections 16 and 36 of such land in each township to the State of South Dakota for the use of the common schools. Appropriates $165,000 to pay for the lands thus granted, at the rate of $2.50 per acre. (Chap. 2536, Mar. 2, 1907.)

Utah.-Grants about 32 acres of the Fort Douglas Military Reservation to the University of Utah. (Chap. 2463, May 16, 1906.)

HOWARD UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Howard University was chartered by an act of Congress approved March 2, 1867, and received through the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands about $500,000, which was expended in lands and buildings. In 1879 Congress made its first general appropriation of $10,000 toward the current expenses of the institution. Annual appropriations have been made since that time, the appropriations for 1907 being $17,600, and for 1908, $59,700.

COLUMBIA INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB.

This institution was chartered by an act of Congress of February 16, 1857. By an act approved April 8, 1864, it was authorized to grant degrees, and in June of that year a department for the higher education of the deaf was organized. The institution is supported almost wholly by the Federal Government. The appropriations for the past two years have been as follows: 1907, $70,000, including deficiency appropriation of $2,500 for 1906; 1908, $67,500. See also under "District of Columbia," page 1242.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

Agricultural experiment stations.-Providing for an increased annual appropriation for agricultural experiment stations and regulating the expenditure thereof. (Chap. 951, Mar. 16, 1906.)

An act of Congress approved March 2, 1887, known as the "Hatch Act," provided for the establishment, in connection with the several colleges of agriculture and the mechanic arts established under an act of July 2, 1862, of departments to be known as agricultural experiment stations, and provided for an annual appropriation of $15,000 to each State and Territory for the support and maintenance of such stations, to be specifically appropriated each year by Congress. The act authorized States in which agricultural experiment stations had been established separate from the colleges to apply to such stations the benefits granted by the act. The act of March 16, 1906, known as the "Adams Act," provides that in addition to the sum named in the act of March 2, 1887, there shall be paid to each State and Territory for the more complete endowment and maintenance of agricultural experiment stations the sum of $5,000 for the year ending June 30, 1906, and that this additional appropriation shall be increased each year, for a period of five years, by the sum of $2,000 over the preceding year, so that the total annual amount to be paid thereafter to each State and Territory shall be $30,000. The funds appropriated by the act of March 16, 1906, are "to be applied only to paying the necessary expenses for conducting original researches or experiments bearing directly on the agricultural industry of the United States."

Since 1895, the annual agricultural appropriation act provides that "the Secretary of Agriculture shall prescribe the form of the annual financial statement required by section 3 of said act of March 2, 1887, shall ascertain whether the expenditures under the appropriation hereby made are in accordance with the provisions of the said act, and shall report thereon to Congress." The administration of the experiment stations acts has been committed to the Office of Experiment Stations by the Secretary of Agriculture. The expenses of the Office of Experiment Stations are met partly by specific appro

priations for that Office, and partly out of lump sum appropriations. The appropriations for agricultural experiment stations and for the Office of Experiment Stations, by the Fifty-ninth Congress, not including appropriations for nutrition, irrigation, and drainage investigations, were as follows:

The appropriation acts provide that of the amounts appropriated for agricultural experiment stations, $5,000 shall be expended in each year by the Secretary of Agriculture to investigate and report upon the organization and progress of farmers' institutes and agricultural schools in the several States and Territories, and upon similar organizations in foreign countries.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR.

Woman and child workers.—Authorizes and directs the Secretary of Commerce and Labor to investigate and report on the industrial, social, moral, educational, and physical condition of woman and child workers in the United States. (Chap. 432, Jan. 29, 1907.)

Woman and child workers.—Appropriates $150,000 for investigation and report on the industrial, social, moral, educational, and physical condition of woman and child workers in the United States. (Chap. 2918, Mar. 4, 1907.)

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.

The Library of Congress was established in 1800, and is maintained by annual appropriations by Congress, From 1800 to 1897 it was located in the Capitol building; in 1897 it was removed to the new Library building erected for it at a cost of $6,347,000. Additions to the Library are made through appropriations by Congress, by deposits under the copyright law, by gifts and exchanges, and by exchanges of the Smithsonian Institution. The books are available to all persons for reference. The appropriations for all purposes of the Library by the Fifty-ninth Congress were as follows: For 1907, $789,805; for 1908, $822,885.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

The Smithsonian Institution was created by an act of Congress of August 10, 1846, to carry out the provisions of the will of James Smithson, of London, England, who bequeathed the reversion of an estate amounting to $515,169 to the United States to found an establishment for the "increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." Congress has, from time to time, added other duties to the Smithsonian Institution, such as the system of international exchanges between the United States and foreign countries, the care of the National Museum and the National Zoological Park, the direction of the Bureau of American Ethnology, and the Astrophysical Observatory. The collection of titles of American scientific publications for the international catalogue of scientific literature is conducted under its supervision. The annual reports of the American Historical Association are made to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and the expense of printing such reports is paid from funds appro