to consider that the word is equivalent to 'bands' or 'bonds,' as he says, just after, "his daughter dear he tyde With sacred vowes," &c. Abp. Cranmer speaks of banns of marriage as being customary in 1548; and they are of much higher antiquity. They are mentioned in the Sarum Manuale. See Gloss. Bains. 37, 4. The housling fire;—in Roman marriages the husband received his bride home with fire and water (types of purification, or symbols of domestic life and welcome). Perhaps the bousel or busel, which is generally used of the Eucharist, is here regarded as derived from bouse, and the “housling fire” as 'the sacred hearth fire. Spenser seems here to be describing old Roman rather than Christian marriage rites. 6. the bushy teade;-the nuptial torch, which preceded the bride on her way to the bridegroom's house (the dades vʊμpiaí of Aristoph. Pax. 1318). 7. sacred lamp;—this custom seems to be invented by Spenser in this connection. The ever-burning lamp was usually lighted before some sacred shrine, not in the bridal chamber. 9. burnen;-notice the old form of the inf. verb. 38, 1. sprinckle all the posts with wine; — -'postes aspergere vino.' So Claud., de Nupt. Honorii et Mariae, 209, has “pars nectariis adspergere tecta Fontibus," &c. 3. They all perfumde;—' they (being) all perfumed,' taken absolutely. 5. did sweat with great aray;— the whole house was hot and busy with much preparation.' Or 'sweat' refers to rich odours. 39, 5. their trinall triplicities;—the angels, according to the scholastic conceptions, were arranged in triads and nines. These conceptions are drawn from the pseudo-Dionysius, whose book on the Celestial Hierarchy furnished St. Thomas Aquinas with this arrangement. These threefold three orders corresponded also to universe, each sphere being moved by one order. 3. Thrones, Powers, Angels. the nine spheres of the Dante often alludes to this, especially in the Paradiso, c. 28. So Tasso, Gier. Lib. 18. 96; and Milton, Par. Lost, 5. 748, 66 'Seraphim and Potentates and Thrones In their triple degrees." 6. heavenly sweet;- sweetness.' and Greek neut. adj. is used. 41, 9. 'sweet' is here used as the Latin Una left to mourne;-type of the Church militant here below. 42, 6. tackles spent ;- her worn-out tackling or rigging.' GLOSSARY. The Roman numerals denote the Canto, the Arabic the Stanza. A. About, i. 11, abouts, ix. 36, to the edge, or out of; A.S. abútan, lit. around on the outside. Or perhaps, in this place, to the end; Fr. à bout. Accord, x. 50; xii. 15, to grant. Fr. adresser, It. drizzare, directed his steps in my dress in the same sense : Acquit, vii. 52; viii. I, to release. Fr. acquitter, forensic Lat. acquietare, to render the debtor quiet. Here to release a prisoner. Address, ii. II, to dress; but x. 11, to direct. Lat. dirigere. "His way with me addrest," is company.' Chaucer, Clerkes Tale, 8864, uses "But to Griselde agen I wol me dresse." Afflicted (Introduction, 4), lowly. It. afflitto. Affronted, viii. 13. to be met with opposition. It. affrontare. Afore, x. 49, in front of. of them. A.S. æt-fóre. 66 Standing far afore," at a distance in front Aftersend, v. 10, to send after. These compounds are not rare in Spenser. Aghast, ix. 21, it terrified (pret. or elliptical for 'did aghast'); we now use only the adj. Chaucer uses the verb to agast "That me agasteth in my dreme (quod she)." Legend of Dido, 246. Horne Tooke, Div. of Purley, part I. chap. x., says " Aghast, agast, may be the p.p. agazed All the whole army stood agazed on him.'" But agazed, and Fuller's phrase (Worthies, Bucks) "men's minds stood at a gaze," are both erroneous as derivations. The Goth. verb us-gaisjan, to horrify, contains the root whence it comes, us being the Ger. aus, and gaisjan connected with Ger. geist; cp. Sc. gousty, desolate, dreary. Agraste, x. 18, shewed grace or favour to. It. aggratiare. Albe, v. 45, although; so the now rare albeit. In Faery Queene, Bk. V. ii. 6, he writes "albee he rich or poor," whether he be. 6 Alight, iii. 20, fallen; used as an adj., is alight,' where we now should say 'has lighted.' Chaucer, Prol. 723, has "whan we were alight." xii. 25, to come to a stop; of one halting in a hasty course, not of one dismounting. All, x. 47; xii. 23, although. Als, ix. 18, also. A. S. ealswa. Amate, ix. 45, to stupify; to be or make stupid, as a dreamer, from O. Fr. amater, mater, to mortify, from mat, dull, faint. Ger. matt. Mate, in check-mate, where it means the full stop put to the game, is a Semitic word, and, if at all connected with our amate, is only so accidentally. Chaucer in his Man of Lawes Tale, 836, has "O Golias, unmesurable of lengthe, How mighte David make the so mate?" Amis, iv. 18, amice. Lat. amictus. An oblong piece of fine linen worn by priests as a tippet to cover the shoulders and neck. Amove, iv. 45; viii. 21; ix. 18, to move. Fr. émouvoir; not from a-movere, but movere. Amount, ix. 5, to ascend; not to get on to a horse, but to arise up out of a dwelling "low in an hollow cave." Andvile, xi. 42, anvil. A.S. anfilt; probably from the hammer falling on it; the Dan. anfald is an assault. Du. aenbeld; Old H. Ger. villen, fillen, to strike, beat; cp. Lat. in-cudere, incus. Annoy, vi. 17, annoyance or hurt; a n. subst. Queen Elizabeth herself uses this word, "such snares as threaten mine annoy." Ellis' Specimens of Early Engl. Poets, ii. 136. Fr. ennui, It. annoio, (? Lat. in-odio). Appease, iii. 29, to cease from (spoken of laments). Fr. apaiser. Apply, x. 46, attend to. Used elliptically by Spenser "Ne other worldly business did apply" = '=nor did apply himself to other worldly business. Aread, Areed, Introd. 1; viii. 31,33; ix. 6,23, 28; x. 17, 51, 64; xii. 28, to advise, inform, interpret. We still use it in 'to read a riddle.' Still common in Scotland. A. S. rád, aræd, is counsel. Arise, vi. 32, escape; x. 4, to ascend (to heaven). Arras, viii. 35, a kind of tapestry made at Arras. 66 Costly cloth of Arras and of Tours." Ger. rath. So Faery Queene, III. i. 34, Aslake, iii. 36, to soften, appease, abate; so to slake of thirst; and slack is slaked or relaxed. A. S. slácan, sleac, slack, slow. Assay, ii. 13, 24; iv. 8; vii. 27; viii. 2; xi. 32, to essay, prove. Assynd, vii. 98, marked out. Lat. assignare. Astond, ii. 31 (astound, viii. 5; ix. 35), astounded, astonished. From astone; A.S. stunian, to stun, Ger. erstaunen; connected with Fr. étonner; Lat. attonitus. Aswaged, iii. 5, grew mild. Used in neuter sense. O. Fr. assouager, Lat. suavis. Attach, xii. 35, to seize, arrest; a law term. Fr. attacher. Avale, i. 21, to fall, sink. Fr. avaller, from Lat. ad vallem, just as amount, is ad montem. The Old Fr. phrase would be à mont et à val, to amount and avale. Cp. Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 577, and Hamlet, "vailed lids." B. Bains, xii. 36, banns (of marriage), so spelt for convenience of rhyme. The word is derived either from the Fr. bandon, It. bando, proclamation, or from A. S. banan, to command. Some think that to call the banns of marriage,' is simply to proclaim the bands or bonds of matrimony. Spenser seems in this passage to use the word as equivalent to bonds,' as may be seen by the context. Bale, vii. 28, 39; viii. 14; ix. 16, 29, mischief, misery, trouble. A.S. bealo, torment, destruction; Icel. böl, calamity. So 'baleful fires.' Bastard, vi. 24, mean, low, base; part. based or bast. Not in this place= illegitimate. Battailous, v. 2, fit for battle. Bauldrick, vii. 29, belt, from the low Lat. baldringus, which Du Cange explains as the ring or belt of a bold man; others from balteus. O. Fr. baudré; O. H. Ger. balderick. Spelt bawdrick by Chaucer (Prol. 116), "the bawdrick was of grene." It was also the name for the leathern belt or strap used in old church-bells to fasten the clapper inside the bell. It may therefore be bell-ring. It was also spelt bawdrope (? bell-rope). See Notes and Queries, June 21, 1851. Baye, vii. 3, to bathe; so embay (ix. 13) and bay-salt, salt for baying or steeping meat. Become, x. 16, come to, or gone to; so 'what has become of you?' Cp. R. Brunne's "Where are now all thise, where are thei becomen?" In x. 66, to suit or fit. Ger. bequemen, to be becoming. Bed, ix. 41, bid. Bedight, xii. 21, dight, dressed, adorned. Beheast, iv. 18, command. A.S. bátan (pret. bét), to promise, ordain, command. Behight, (1) x. 50, entrusted; also bebot, behet; (2) x. 64, to promise; so behott, c. xi. 38. Cp. Chaucer, Boke of the Duchesse, 620. Bend, iii. 34, to couch (of a spear put in rest). Beseem, viii. 32, to appear. Beseene, xii. 5, "decked or adorned for sight." (Richardson.) It is properly beheld, viewed, as Chaucer uses it, evil besey,' or 'goodly byseyn,' of an ill or a rich appearance. A.S. besegen, p.p. of seón, to see. Bespeak, ii. 32, speak. Bestedd, i. 24, situated. A. S. stede, place (as in homestead); usually in an unpleasant sense; 'ill bestead.' So Chaucer, Man of Lawes Tale, 551. Betake, v. 28, to take into her wagon; ix. 44, to betake oneself; xii. 25, deliver to another. Skinner says, "Betake, Lat. tradere, to deliver into one's hands." A.S. betacan, to commit, assign; O.E. betake (pret. betaughte). Bethinke, vi. 16. think, to be mentally determined: "bethinkes not what to thinke." See Thrall. Bethrall, viii. 28, to take captive, imprison. Bever, vii. 31, the visor or front piece of a helmet, which is dropped when the wearer wishes to drink; so connected with bever, beverage, drink. (See Morris, Early English Specimens, p. 390, l. 332.) Fr. boire, It. bevere, Lat. bibere Bewaile, vi. I, to choose, select. "In Old English to waile and to bewaile mean to make choice of, to select." (Upton.) Ger. wählen. Douglas has "Wale out all thaym bene waik," as transl. of Virg. Æn. 5. 716, “invalidum delige ;" and Chaucer speaks (Tr. and Cr. v. 30) of "wailid wine," that is, chosen, choice wine. The reading assaile' has been proposed as an escape from the difficulty of the word. Bewray, iv. 39, to accuse, as an informer does. A.S. wrégan. Bid, i. 30, to pray. See x. 3. Ger. beten, A. S. biddan. The subst. bead (A. S. béd), means probably first a prayer, and then the measuring 'beads' on which prayers are told. Or bead may come from old Engl. bee (A. S. béb or beág), a crown or ring. See Morris, Early English Specimens, P. 415. Beadsman, properly one who prays. So in the Glossary published with the Shepheards Calender we have this note: "To bidde is to pray, whereof cometh beades for praiers, and so they say 'to bidde his beades,' sc. to say his praiers." In the Romaunt of the Rose, 7372, are these lines "A peire of bedis eke she bere, Bilive, belive, also written blive, v. 32; ix. 4, quickly, forthwith with life,' in a lively manner. Bit, viii. 41, food; anything bitten. A. S. blæsan, to blow; Ger. blasen. So Mark 1. 45,"to blaze abroad the matter," to blow it far and wide. Bless, (1) to give a blessing (benedicere), connected with bliss. (2) to preserve from evil, deliver, as in ii. 18; vii. 12; ix. 28, "God from him me blesse," where the sense is clearly derived from Deus me benedicat ;' 'God defend me with his blessing.' (3) to wave or brandish, as a sword, v. 6; viii. 22. This sense probably comes from the waving the hands in making the sign of the cross; or, lastly (see Richardson, v. blist), it may be connected with the verb to blast. (4) Bailey says, "blist or blest in Spenser means wounded; Fr. blessé." Mr. Morris suggests the Old Eng. blisse to put an end to; as in the Story of Gen. and Exod. 1. 553. Blott, x. 27, spot, blemish. Blubbred, vi. 9, swoln with weeping. The verb has no mean sense with Spenser; a "blubbred face" answers to our tearful. Blunt, x. 47, dim, used of eyesight. i. 209. We speak of acute sight, sharp-eyed. Borne, iv. 2, led with him. So the phrase to bear in hand' is to carry along with one. Boughtes, i. 15; xi. II, bends, folds; of a serpent's coils. Also written bight. A. S. bugan, to bend, to bow. So in geogr. the Bight of Benin = the bend of B. Bough and bow come from the same root. Bound, x. 67, to lead, as with a marked-out track. Bouzing-can, iv. 22, drinking-can; to bouze (Fr. boire), to drink largely. Bowre, viii. 5, 29, chamber, inner room, as opposed to hall,' the public, outer room. Cp. Chaucer, Nonne Prestes Tale, 12, "Hir bour and eek hir halle." A.S. búr, from búan, to build. Bowres, viii. 41, muscles of the shoulder, so called from their bowed or bent shape; connected with brawn, brawny. Cp. Danish Bov, Boug, a shoulder. Bower-anchor may come from this. Boystrous, viii. 10, rude, rough, epithet of a club or staff. Usually, as |