planks and a great ketle was remaining, and heaps of sand newly padled with their hands, which they, digging up, found in them diverce faire Indean baskets filled with corne, and some in eares, faire and good, of diverce collours, which seemed to them a very goodly sight, (haveing never seen any shuch before).1 This was near the place of that supposed river they came to seeck; 2 unto which they wente and found it to open it selfe into 2. armes with a high cliffe of sand in the enterance, but more like to be crikes of salte water then any fresh, for ought they saw; and that ther was good harborige for their shalope; leaving it further to be discovered by their shalop when she was ready. So their time limeted them being expired, they returned to the ship, least they should be in fear of their saftie; and tooke with them parte of the corne, and buried up the rest, and so like the men from Eshcoll carried with them of the fruits of the land, and showed their breethren; of which, and their returne, they were marvelusly glad, and their harts incouraged.

After this, the shalop being got ready, they set out againe for the better discovery of this place, and the m[aste]r' of the ship desired to goe him selfe, so ther went some 30. men, but found it to

1 Champlain when in this locality, at Chatham Harbor, noted that, "all the inhabitants of this place are very fond of agriculture, and provide themselves with Indian corn for the winter, which they store in the following manner:-They make trenches in the sand on the slope of the hills, some five or six feet deep, more or less. Putting their corn and other grains into large grass sacks, they throw them into these trenches, and cover them with sand three or four feet above the surface of the earth, taking it out as their needs require. In this way, it is preserved as well as it would be possible to do in our granaries." Voyages (Prince Society), 11. 121.

* Pamet River, which consists of a tidal harbor and a creek extending almost across the Cape. Freeman describes the river as dividing into three branches, on which are bodies of salt marsh. Cape Cod, 1. 537. The divisions are hardly noticeable on

modern surveys.

• The high bank dividing the two arms of the river is known as old "Tom's Hill or Indian Neck." The Indian name was Squopenik.

• I.e. Jones.

be no harbor for ships but only for boats;1 ther was allso found. 2. of their houses covered with matts, and sundrie of their implements in them, but the people were rune away and could not be seen; also ther was found more of their corne, and of their beans of various collours. The corne and beans they brought away, purposing to give them full satisfaction when they should meete with any of them (as about some. 6. months afterward they did, to their good contente).2

1 This expedition was composed of twenty-four of the Pilgrims and ten of the crew, including Jones, a party of thirty-four. A portion landed, as is supposed, in East Harbor Creek, and marched along the shore as they believed some six or seven miles, as the shallop could not proceed by reason of the stress of weather. About eleven o'clock on the next day, Tuesday, November 28, the shallop came to them and took them to Pamet River, fitly named Cold Harbor. Twelve feet at high water, which they established to be the case, would not afford a safe road for ships even of small size.

The party followed the Pamet River some five or six miles, accompanied by the shallop, and passed the night under a few pine trees. The next morning, November 29, they did not hold to their determination to explore the river further; but wearied by the toil of making their way up and down hills and valleys covered with six inches of snow, and discouraged by the unpromising aspect of country and harbor, they retraced their steps and went up Pamet Creek towards Cornhill. The shallop does not appear to have gone into the creek, or even to have been with them when they reached its eastern bank, as they made use of a canoe found there to get to the other side. Mourt is full on the corn found at Cornhill, of which they took about ten bushels for seed.

The party now divided, eighteen remaining to make further exploration, and sixteen returning, with all the corn, to the ship. As the weather was threatening, it was likely that all ten of the sailors went with the shallop, and to them were added "our weakest people, and some that were sicke," or six of the Pilgrims. Jones was not only anxious to return, but would naturally have gone with the vessel, although made "leader" of the entire party. Those who remained spent Thursday, November 30, in following some beaten paths, some six or seven miles into the wood, in the expectation of finding an Indian town or some of their houses; disappointed in this, and returning by "another way," they discovered the grave with the bones and skull of a man, and on the skull fine yellow hair. This circumstance, and the articles found with the remains, led them to believe they had discovered the burial place of an Indian king, or, what was more likely, of a Christian. Near this grave two of the sailors of the returned shallop saw the two houses, mentioned by Bradford, "which had beene lately dwelt in," and of the construction Mourt gives a full account. No more corn seems to have

And here is to be noted a spetiall providence of God, and a great mercie to this poore people, that hear they gott seed to plant them corne the next yeare, or els they might have starved, for they had none, nor any liklyhood to get any [50] till the season had beene past (as the sequell did manyfest). Neither is it lickly they had had this, if the first viage had not been made, for the ground was now all covered with snow, and hard frosen. But the Lord is never wanting unto his in their greatest needs; let his holy name have all the praise.1

The month of November being spente in these affairs, and much foule weather falling in, the 6. of Desem[be]r 2 they sente out their shallop againe with. 10. of their principall men,3 and some sea men, been obtained this day, and the shallop being not far distant, they embarked upon her and, Dexter concludes, reached the Mayflower that night. The direction taken by this party of eighteen can only be conjectured. Dexter says it was probably towards the Atlantic side, and somewhere between Small's Hill and Highland Light. See Mourt, *10-13.

1 In spite of the unfavorable conditions and situation of Pamet or Cold Harbor, some believed it a fit place for a settlement. The possibility of raising corn, of which the deposits gave proof, the supposedly good prospect of fishing, and certain advantages of security and immediate safety against the dangers of further discovery and of present disease, were urged. Others, consulting Captain John Smith's map, pointed to the place he called Angoan, unquestionably intended for Agawam [or Ipswich], as offering greater advantages. But Coppin, a pilot, described a navigable river and a good harbor, about eight leagues due west from where the Mayflower then lay, and his description doubtless turned the scale in favor of still another, or third expedition for discovery. Six days thus passed between the second and the third discoveries, if the shallop did return to the Mayflower upon the night of November 30.

The 6th fell on Wednesday.

• Mourt gives the names of the ten: "to wit, Captaine Standish, Maister Carver, William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Iohn Tilley, Edward Tilley, Iohn Houland, and three of London, Richard Warren, Steeuen Hopkins, and Edward Dotte [Doten], and two of our Seamen, Iohn Alderton and Thomas English, of the Ships Company there went two of the Masters Mates, Master Clarke and Master Copin, the Master Gunner, and three saylers." While the ten of the company are accounted for, the number of sailors that accompanied them does not appear. Indeed, not much is known of the composition of the crew and the distribution of titles and functions among the members.

upon further discovery, intending to circulate that deepe bay of Cap-Codd. The weather was very could, and it frose so hard as the sprea of the sea lighting on their coats, they were as if they had been glased; yet that night betimes they gott downe into the botome of the bay,' and as they drue nere the shore they saw some .10. or. 12. Indeans very busie aboute some thing. They landed aboute a league or 2. from them, and had much a doe to put a shore any wher, it lay so full of flats. Being landed, it grew late, and they made them selves a barricado with loggs and bowes as well as they could in the time, and set out their sentenill and betooke them to rest, and saw the smoake of the fire the savages made that night.2 When morning was come they devided their company, some to coast along the shore in the boate, and the rest marched throw the woods to see the land, if any fit place might be for their dwelling.1 They came allso to the place wher they saw the Ind[i]ans the night before, and found they had been cuting up a great fish like a grampus, being some 2. inches thike of fate like a hogg, some peeces wher of they had left by the way; and the shallop found .2. more of these fishes dead on the sands, a thing usuall after storms in that place, by reason of the great flats of sand that lye of." So they ranged up and doune all that day, but found no people, nor any place they liked. When the sune grue low, they hasted out of the

3

1 They passed to the south of Billingsgate Point, and landed near the present Eastham, where they passed that night.

? Supposed to be four or five miles distant.

3 December 7.

4 Eight were in the boat, who found that the bay offered a good refuge for ships, having five fathoms of water, but that no river or creek came into it. The land party discovered two brooks of fresh water, "the first running streames" seen in the country, but looked upon the soil as "none of the fruitfullest." Dexter believes Indian Brook (or Hatch's Creek), lying between Eastham and Wellfleet, and a brook, without name, to the north of it, are intended.

Delphinus Grampus. They gave the name of Grampus Bay to this locality.

• Mourt tells of their finding Indian footprints, houses, and a place of burial more elaborate than they had yet seen. *17.