Structural Botany: Or Organography on the Basis of Morphology. To which is Added the Principles of Taxonomy and Phytography, and a Glossary of Botanical Terms |
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Other editions - View all
Structural Botany, Or Organography on the Basis of Morphology. To Which is ... Asa Gray No preview available - 2022 |
Structural Botany, Or, Organography on the Basis of Morphology. to Which Is ... Asa Gray No preview available - 2015 |
Structural Botany, Or Organography on the Basis of Morphology. To Which is ... Asa Gray No preview available - 2022 |
Common terms and phrases
abortive adnate æstivation alternate anthers apex arrangement atus axil axillary axis bark base bears blade blossom botanists botany bractlets bracts branches calyx calyx and corolla carpels cells chalaza chorisis circle cluster coalescence coiling common commonly compound convolute corolla cotyledons cyme DeCandolle dehiscence diagram Dicotyledons Eichler embryo fertilization filaments fleshy floral flower flower-bud flower-cluster foliage fruit genera genus growth gynæcium hilum imbricate inflorescence inner insertion internodes irregular kind lateral Latin leaf leaflets leaves less Linnæus lobes margins Monocotyledons morphology nature normal organs outer ovary overlapping ovule pair palmately pedicels peduncle perianth pericarp petals petiole phænogamous phyllodia phyllotaxy pinnately pistil placenta plants pollen portion raceme receptacle root scales seed sepals separate side simple single sometimes species spiral stamens stem stigma structure style subtending surface symmetry tendril terminal bud tion transverse trees tube upper usually vegetable vertical whole whorls woody
Popular passages
Page 182 - ... round the base of the ovarium ; but a passage is formed along the upper and inner side of the flower by the lateral deflection (not represented in the diagram) of the basal portions of the filaments ; so that insects invariably alight on the projecting stamens and pistil and insert their proboscides along the upper and inner margin of the corolla.
Page 231 - The two elements of species are : 1 , community of origin ; and, 2, similarity of the component individuals. But the degree of similarity is variable, and the fact of genetic relationship can seldom be established by observation or historical evidence. It is from the likeness that the naturalist ordinarily decides that such and such individuals belong to one species. Still the likeness is a consequence of the genetic relationship ; so that the latter is the real foundation of species.
Page 231 - Species in biological natural history is a chain or series of organisms of which the links or component individuals are parent and offspring. Objectively, a species is the totality of beings which have come from one stock, in virtue of that most general fact that likeness is transmitted from parent to progeny. Among the many definitions, that of AL Jussieu is one of the briefest and best, since it expresses the fundamental conception of a species, ie the perennial succession of similar individuals...
Page 183 - ... the flower. On catching bees, I observed much green pollen on the inner sides of the hind legs and on the abdomen, and much yellow pollen on the under side of the thorax. There was also pollen on the chin, and, it may be presumed, on the proboscis, but this was difficult to observe. I had, however, independent proof that pollen is carried on the proboscis ; for a small branch of a protected shortstyled plant (which produced spontaneously only two capsules) was accidentally left during several...
Page 243 - ... taken as a working hypothesis, the doctrine of the derivation of species serves well for the coordination of all the facts in botany, and affords a probable and reasonable answer to a long series of questions which without it are totally unanswerable. It is supported by vegetable palaeontology, which assures us that the plants of the later geological periods are the ancestors of the actual flora of the world. In accordance with it we may explain in a good degree the present distribution of species...
Page 181 - Altogether, this one species includes three females or female organs, and three sets of male organs, all as distinct from one another as if they belonged to different species ; and, if smaller functional differences are considered, there are five distinct sets of males. Two of the three hermaphrodites must coexist, and pollen must be carried by insects reciprocally from one to the other, in order that either of the two should be fully fertile ; but, unless all three forms coexist, two sets of stamens...
Page 186 - These flowers do not secrete nectar or emit any odor ; from their small size as well as from the corolla being rudimentary they are singularly inconspicuous. Consequently insects do not visit them, nor if they did could they find an entrance. Such flowers are therefore invariably self-fertilized ; yet they produce an abundance of seed.
Page 105 - ... arrangement, which it represents ; namely, that such an arrangement would effect the most thorough and rapid distribution of the leaves around the stem, each new or higher leaf falling over the angular space between the two older ones which are nearest in direction, so as to subdivide it in the same ratio in which the first two, or any two successive ones, divide the circumference.
Page 179 - Darwin, Forms of Flowers, 51. Some heterogonous Primulas are said to produce homogonous varieties in cultivation. In Primula, and in other genera, there are species which seem as if of one sort only, no reciprocal sort being known, as if one form had become self-fertile and the other had disappeared.
Page 258 - ... is not even restoring an old name; for the specific adjective is not of itself the name of a plant. ... A generic name is sufficiently indicated by one substantive ; for no two genera in the vegetable kingdom are allowed to have the same name; but for a species the combination of...