ITALIAN GRAMMAR WITH EXERCISES BY HJALMAR EDGREN, PH.D. Professor of Romance Languages, University of Nebraska THIRD EDITION REVISED STANFOR NEW YORK WILLIAM R. JENKINS CO. PUBLISHERS 851-853 SIXTH AVENUE 455 712388 COPYRIGHT 1897, 1901 All Rights Reserved PRINTED BY THE PRESS OF WILLIAM R. JENKINS Co. NEW YORK PREFACE. This Italian grammar-prepared at the suggestion of teachers desiring a brief manual somewhat on the plan of my Spanish grammar-designs to introduce the learner in a clear, methodical way to such essentials of the language as are indispensable for critical and intelligent reading; and to furnish him with sufficient exercises for their assimilation. Simplicity has been aimed at throughout. Especial pains have been taken to present the rather difficult subject of the verbs in such a way as to be readily grasped and mastered. To obviate objections against thɔ arrangement of the auxiliaries, without needless anticipation, in their proper places in the verb-system, they are gradually introduced, from the beginning, in the Exercises. Poetical and archaic verb-forms, so important in Italian, are given in notes, for reference only. The Exercises are purposely simple and quite closely confined to the topic in hand. They are placed at the end of the book, where they will not disturb an easy survey of the entire grammar in its methodical coherence, nor impede iii ready reference to its paragraphs. There is as good reason here as elsewhere to separate this from that. The learner may easily begin reading after he has mastered the first eight chapters (or even earlier, if he combines with his reading a careful study of the irregular verbs). Yet, a chapter on the more common peculiarities of Italian construction has been added. Also-for obvious reasons--a brief exposé of Italian versification. Special thanks are due to Professor Clara Conklin, of the University of Nebraska, for helpful assistance in reading the proofs. A. H. E. CONTENTS. Alphabet, 4.-Accent, 4.-Quantity, 4-5.-Simple Vowels, 9-10 11-13 Personal, 17-22 (use, 18-20; position, 21; change of form, Conjugations, 27.-Regular Verbs, 27.-Orthographic and other changes, 31.-First Conjugation, 31.-Second Conju- gation (Pret. in -si, Participle in -so, -to), 31-33.-Third Conjugation, 34.—Irregular Verbs, 35-49.-Chief Irregulari- ties, 35-38.-List of Verbs deviating from the regular type- 27-51 |