To increased, we would bear down all oppo

sition by sheer numerical strength. In cases of Unions of this nature, I think of the noted "Shay Rebellion." Wash

ington, when asked how many men it would take to put it down, was told, say 5,000; he at once replied, if 5,000 will do it, take 10,000, and there will be no trouble. So, with us, while a few presenting a bold front may work great good, if he had a big body, we should prevent many encroachments on our rights, that we have to fight. But the great trouble is this, as I look at it: While many scientific men are bee-keepers, as a rule bee-keepers are far from having any knowledge of science. Too many of them run in the old ruts of 50 or 60 years ago, claiming they know it J. E. POND.

all.

North Attleboro, Mass.

Folding Honey-Sections.

I have been amused in reading the different ways men have of dampening sections before folding. I have used the one-piece section since first invented. I keep them dry, and fold without moistening. I have kept some five years in a dry place, and they folded as well as new. It looks to me as though dampening the inside would swell the shoulder and strain the joint more than when dry. C. L. LOVELAND. Plainview, Minn.

are

or 35 workers should go with the queen. Then wrap the cage with good wrappingpaper three times around, and punch a few holes through the paper to correspond with the hole in the lid, for air. A queen put up thus should go to any part of the United States or Canada with reasonable safety. The most trouble has been found in sending queens during very warm weather, and as few workers as eight to accompany the queen seemed to be too many.

J. N. COLWICK.

Norse, Texas, Feb. 22, 1892.

Good White Clover Season.

Up to date my 75 colonies of bees are wintering well. They will all survive. the Winter, if the stores do not fail. Last season was remarkably good for white clover honey, of which I got a few pounds over 2,000. The weather cut off the Fall supply, making the white clover honey fill the place of surplus and stores. J. F. LATHAM. West Cumberland, Me., Feb. 29,1892.

Queens Purely Mated.

If Mrs. Jennie Atchley will use my method she will have better success in getting queens purely mated. It is as follows: "I have commonly selected drones one imported queen to breed from, crowding her at drone laying, and distributing the drone-brood through the yard to hatch. If drones are in all parts of the bee-yard, they are much more likely to be flying at all times of the day than when all are in one hive." JOHN ANDREWS.

Carrying Pollen-Mailing Queens.

Bees commenced carrying the first pollen on Feb. 13, which they gathered from red elm. The colonies having plenty of stores have brood in three to four combs, with many young bees gnawing their way out; and should this fine weather continue, the roar of the drones will ere long be mingled with the merry hum of the busy bees. Some of our correspondents wish to know if queens are actually sent through the mails in March. I will explain how they may be sent in March, or even in February. Use a modified Benton cage; fill one partitioned space with candy, first covering the cage with flannel, or other woolen cloth, making a hole for air to correspond with the hole in the lid. nail on wire-cloth and the lid.

Then Thirty

Patten's Mills, N. Y.

Black Bees and Queen-Breeders.

I have read, on page 253, John H. Blanken's article. It surely sounds like inexperience, that causes him to prize the black bees so highly above all other races. That they have some good points we must all admit, but the bread-andbutter side of the question for me says that Italians are just as far ahead of the blacks as Jay Gould's railroad-car is ahead of the old-time ox-wagon. I have kept both blacks and Italians for 20 years, and have long ago decided on that question. In really good honey years we cannot see so much difference between the two races as to the amount of honey gathered, but when dry or bad seasons come, the Italians rush right

Of

ahead, and make their own living, and sometimes store some surplus honey, when the blacks are starving, and bothering the Italians by trying to steal. course, there are some who still hold on to the old ox-wagon, and some still hold on to the black bees, and I suppose always will. In our articles to the public, let us try to give the real practical and experienced part of bee-culture, and let the imaginary part remain with us. MRS. JENNIE ATCHLEY. Floyd, Tex., Feb. 27, 1892.

Phenol for Foul-Brood.

I want to know what Prof. Frank Cheshire means by 1-200, 1-400, 1-500, 1-750, etc. He gives syrup phenolated by 1 in 500. He sprayed with water 200, phenol 1. What kind of syrup did he use-sugar or honey? How much sugar or honey to a pint of water, and so on? CHAS. W. LEAH.

Spanish Fork, Utah.

[He means one drop of pure phenol to 200 drops of the syrup, when he puts it thus: 1-200. It is sugar syrup made by 1 pound of sugar to 1 pint of boiling water.-ED.]

Gathering Pollen and Rearing Brood.

My bees have wintered finely. We have had but one week of Winter weather. The bees had a flight every week but one, and on Feb. 15 they commenced to gather pollen. On Feb. 20 they were gathering honey. I examined them and found brood in from one to three frames. GEO. W. MOORE.

Milton, Oreg., Feb. 26, 1892.

Experience in Hiving Bees.

Last Spring I bought 15 colonies of bees, and increased to 30. The season was very poor in this locality, and the bees stored very little surplus honey. My bees are in good condition now. I tried a great many of the new devices for handling bees, some to my satisfaction, and some greatly to my sorrow, especially the hiving-box. The first time I tried it, a neighbor bee-keeper, who is a skeptic to new fixtures, was present. I took the box, punched into the cluster, and emptied it at the new hive, saying, "There is a scoop-shovel of bees." the next dip I made, about a thousand or more bees showed fight. While the

But

battle was increasing in the bees' favor, my neighbor, who had retreated to a safe distance, was having lots of fun at my expense. I called my wife to bring the smoker, and with her assistance I hived the bees with both eyes swelled shut, and my hands and arms swelled so badly that I could not work for three days. With the assistance of a veil and a pair of leather mittens, I hived the next swarm more conveniently, but I intend to still keep bees.

J. L. LUDWIG. Delphos, O., March 1, 1892.

Planting Basswood Trees.

I am about to send to a nursery man for 500 basswood trees. I see that he has three kinds advertised, viz.: American Seedling, European, and Large Leaved. I would like to ask Minnesota apiarists which would be best for a Minnesota climate? and which is best for honey, all things considered ? I would like to have this question answered through the AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL in time for my use this Spring.

J. E. CADY. Medford, Minn., Feb. 29, 1892.

Careless Bee-Keeping-Making Hives.

Bee-keeping is dull here. Some few people have bees in box-hives around in the fence corners out of the way, and hardly ever see them except in swarming time, when they hunt up an old "gum" that the bees died in the Winter before. Such bee-keeping as that will never do. I wish some one would tell me through the BEE JOURNAL how to make Simplicity hives, what length and width to make the frames, etc. I take the AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, and could not well do without it at the price. Bees are doing well here, considering their treatment. Hardly any have died this Winter, and they are flying nicely now. J. BUNYAN S. Spurger, Tex., Feb. 22, 1892.

[The only safe way, if you want to make hives, is to buy one of the kind desired, and use it as a pattern.-ED.]

Mating of Queen-Bees.

On page 262, Geo. S. Wheeler says he has no doubt but a large part of my queens are not purely mated. Although these queens now have beautiful bees from their own eggs, with all the markings of pure Italians clustered all around them this cold day, yet Mr. W. thinks they are hybrids, or at least a large per cent. of them are. I cannot believe that he is correct in this view of the matter. I shall test the matter next Summer. I believe that the blood of the male bee will tell on the young queen every time, no matter whether it be a black queen or an Italian queen. If a black queen meets an Italian drone, her young bees will tell the tale on her, and the same is true with the Italian queen-if she mates with a black drone, her young bees will tell what no one knew before, namely, that when she took her wedding flight, she unluckily missed her own color. How are we going to know that a queen has been purely mated (if Mr. Wheeler is correct), unless we keep her and test her down three or four generations? JOHN D. A. FISHER.

Woodside, N. C.

Size of Brood-Chamber.

The brood-chambers of Thos. Rehoret's hives (page 262) are too much crowded. The hive should be at least 11 inches wide to give 1% for each frame. Bees do not winter well in a cold climate spread so thinly on the combs. If he would take one frame out and spread the others they would do, if they have plenty of good food. I prefer 9 Langstroth frames in a hive 13 inches wide; my bees then will winter well, and do not die with old age, as is claimed on page 264. Bees do not die with old age -they get chilled to death on the outside of the cluster in cold countries. Beekeepers lost heavily here last Winter. This has been a warm Winter, and they have not lost any.

J. H. BERRY. Gales Creek, Oreg., Feb. 26, 1892.

Wintering Well-Italian Bees, etc.

So far the bees in this part of the country are wintering very well. Feb. 25 was a pleasant day, and as I had been confined to the house for nearly two months with the terrible La Grippe, I took a walk through my apiary, which I enjoyed very much, as those who have had La Grippe may suppose. I found

my bees in splendid condition, except one colony, and that had "the grippe," judging by its weakness. I notice a few writers, are in favor of the common black bee, but while they are not objectionable at all, the Italians are far ahead of them, according to my knowledge. I had the blacks before I had the Italians, and I would sooner handle 50 colonies of the Italians than 25 blacks; and then the Italians are better honeygatherers; they are also stronger, and are not so liable to be robbed. But we are living in a land of liberty, and as for choice, I will take the Italians every time. When is the best time to take the bees from the cellar to leave them out? CHARLES E. FALKNER.

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