vided the rest of the program is not jeopardized and the conditions listed under the extramural form of competition above are met.

Specifically, the following conditions should prevail :

1. The health of the players is carefully supervised.

2. Girls and women are not exploited for the purpose of promotion.

3. The salary, retention, or promotion of an instructor is not dependent upon the outcome of the games.

4. Qualified women teach, coach, and officiate wherever and whenever possible, and in any case the professional training and experience of the leader meets established standards.

5. The approved, published DGWS rules are used.

6. Schedules are limited, not to exceed maximums set in DGWS standards for specific sports as defined in DGWS Guides.

7. Games, where possible, are scheduled separately from the boys' games.

8. The program, including insurance for players, is financed by school funds and/or allocations of budget rather than gate receipts.

9. Provision is made by the school for safe transportation by bonded carriers with a chaperone responsible to the school accompanying each group.

Sound adaptations should be made for the high school too small to employ a qualified woman physical instructor, and/or too few girls enrolled to permit the organization of an intramural program. Intramural and extramural competition emphasizing individual and dual sports and/or activities organized for co-recreational play may be a partial solution. Playdays, sportsdays, telegraphic meets, symposia, jamboree, invitational meets may be offered if the provisions listed above are incorporated. Only when the needs of the students cannot be met through intramural and/or extramural types of competition should interscholastic competition be considered. Only under the conditions listed above should interscholastic competition be provided.

Colleges and Universities. The philosophy that a well-rounded intramural and extramural program offering a variety of activities is sufficient to fulfill the needs and desires of the majority of girls and women should also be applied to the programs of colleges and universities. If it is considered desirable that opportunities be provided for the highly skilled beyond the intramural and extramural programs, the amount and kind of intercollegiate competition should be determined by the women's physical education department in accord with administrative policy. Any institution which assumes responsibility for taking part in intercollegiate competition assumes:

1. Sponsorship of women participants as individuals or as members of teams who

58

DGWS Election Results

Rosemary McGee, Woman's College, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, was elected to the office of Secretary of the Division for Girls and Women's Sports in an election carried on by mail ballot and at the AAHPER District Convention last spring. Miss McGee was elected for a two-year term of office.

Announcement of other elections to State, District, and National DGWS offices will be carried in the October issue. A complete listing appears in the 1957-58 Basketball Guide.

represent the institution and for whom part or all expenses may be paid. 2. Sponsorship of events in which: a. Colleges or universities organize and promote competitive events. b. Outside agencies use college or university facilities. Furthermore, if an institution does assume the responsibility for any type of sponsorship the following principles should govern these intercollegiate events:

1. They should be conducted in conformance with DGWS standards of health, participation, leadership, and publicity.

2. They should not curtail the intramural and other extramural programs of the sponsoring institutions or the institutions entering participants.

3. They should not include events in which women participate:

a. As members of men's intercollegiate athletic teams.

b. In touch football exhibition games, or any other activities of similar type.

c. Either with or against men in activities not suitable to competition between men and women, such as basketball, touch football, speedball, soccer, hockey, or la

crosse.

If a college student wishes to go beyond the program offered by her institution, DGWS does not oppose participation by individuals in competitive events sponsored by other organizations, provided such events are conducted in accordance with the basic principles of DGWS. If a student contemplates entering events which appear to jeopardize her welfare, she should be given guidance which will help her to make wise decisions.

Public and Private Recreation Agencies: The Division recognizes that the sports programs of public and private recreation agencies make a valuable contribution to girls and women. Community sports competition is organized on the basis of neighborhood population, membership in an agency, religious or fraternal affiliation, or occupation of the participant.

However, the aims and objectives of community recreation agencies in their

conduct of sports programs are similar to those of the schools. By using common rules and applying basic standards in organizing competition, many girls and women can be given the opportunity to develop skills and to enjoy a desirable kind of competition. If individuals are grouped according to age and skill-ability, the statements of policy outlined above can be applied by these agencies in organizing desirable forms of competition.

The formation of leagues is the organizational structure through which many recreation programs are conducted. The competition provided in public and private recreation may be comparable to school programs by the following interpretations.

Intramural competition: Competition in which the participants are from the same neighborhood, recreation center, playground, institution, or community. Extramural competition: Competition in which the participants are from two or more neighborhoods, recreation centers, playgrounds, institutions, or local communities. Inter-group competition is a phase of extramurals inclusive of Sport Days, Play Days, Telegraphic Meets, Invitational Events.

Interscholastic competition: Competition in which the participants come from different localities, towns or cities, districts or regions.

Modifications will be required in planning controls for competition depending upon the age level involved:

Girls under senior high school age: Competition should be limited to intramural games; that is, games with teams of the same age and ability from the same neighborhood, playground, recreation center or league. An occasional playday may be arranged with similar teams from other playgrounds, centers, or leagues.

Girls of senior high school age: Intramural and extramural competition as defined above may be arranged provided the standards listed above for Senior High School, items 1-9, are upheld. A player should affiliate with only one team in one sport.

Girls over senior high school age: Competition defined as interscholastic competition may be arranged provided standards cited above are upheld.

Sponsorship by recreation agencies of the participation of women in tournaments and meets organized at successively higher levels (local, sectional, national) should be governed by the best practices for safeguarding the welfare of the participants. The organization, administration, and leadership of such competitive events should be conducted so that the basic policies of DGWS are upheld.

Hospital Recreation Conference

The National Conference on Recreation for the Mentally Ill will be held at the Hotel Woodner, Washington, D. C., Nov. 17-20. It will be sponsored by AAHPER, with other national organizations co-operating. Approximately 100 persons have been invited.

The purpose of the Conference is to discuss and attempt to find solutions for problems facing those responsible for planning and conducting recreation programs for the mentally ill. Special attention will be given to philosophy and objectives, leadership, facilities and equipment, and evaluation and research.

Members of the Steering Committee are: B. E. Phillips, Veterans Administration, chairman; Madolin E. Cannon, Pennsylvania Department of Welfare; John L. Hutchinson, AAHPER vicepresident for recreation; Martin W. Meyer, Indiana Division of Mental Health; Cecil W. Morgan, AAHPER Recreational Therapy Section chairman; and Jackson M. Anderson, AAHPER consultant in recreation. Robert C. Boyd, chairman-elect of the AAHPER Recreational Therapy Section, will serve as Conference Director.

New Publications Director

James O. Walker joined the headquarters staff of AAHPER in June as Director of Publications. Mr. Walker, a native of Asheboro, N. C., attended Maryville College in Tennessee and received his B.A. degree in 1944. He has taught English at the Emerson Institute, American University, and at the Woodward School for Boys, where he was head of the English department for six years.

In 1951, he joined the staff of the Office of Publications of the American Red Cross national headquarters in Washington, D. C. He served there until May of this year, when he resigned to accept his AAHPER appointment.

Mr. Walker and his wife, Ingrid, live in Falls Church, Virginia.

New District Representatives

Two new District Representatives to the AAHPER Board of Directors were elected at their respective District Con

HESTER BETH BLAND

H. B. HUNSAKER ventions last spring. Hester Beth Bland, health education consultant, Indiana State Board of Health, Indianapolis, will represent the Midwest District, and H. B. Hunsaker, Logan State Agricultural College, Utah, will represent the Southwest District. For names of the other members of the Board of Directors, see page 5.

DGWS-NAPECW Conference

The Division for Girls and Women's Sports of AAHPER and the National Association of Physical Education for College Women are joining to sponsor a national conference of deep significance and challenge to all professional women in physical education and recreation. Those planning programs are concerned with current social changes and cultural patterns and their implications for girls and women under their leadership and guidance.

Are programs in step with a society involved with automation, with the need for meeting and adapting to current tensions and strains, with the changes in growth and development of children and youth, and with the psychological and sociological problems of the day? These and other questions have prompted the DGWS and NAPECW to call this national conference.

Through the courtesy of the Athletic Institute, funds have been granted for consultants and operating expenses.

The conference will be held June 22June 28, 1958, at the Association Camp, Estes Park, Colo. There will be accommodations for 250 women physical educators and recreation leaders. Resource leaders will be from the fields of medicine, social anthropology, social psychology, growth and development, and other pertinent areas. It is hoped that leaders of girls and women throughout the country, in secondary schools, colleges, and recreation, will respond to the challenge of this conference and indicate their desire to attend.

The cost of this stimulating and interesting week in the beautiful Colorado mountains will be approximately $7.00 per day, plus a registration fee of $5.00 which will cover the cost of the Conference Report and other incidentals. Application blanks can be obtained by writing to AAHPER National Conference, 1201-16th St., N.W., Wash. 6, D. C. Application forms should be mailed to the conference manager on or after October 15, 1957, and will be processed in order of postmark date. Write immediately for your application form, to be assured a reservation.

AAHPER Officers Meet

The six AAHPER District Presidents met at the NEA Center in Washington, D. C., June 10-12 to work with AAHPER staff members on problems of District Associations. They were Robert Bergstrom, Oregon State College, Corvallis, Northwest; John Cooper, Universtiy of Southern California, Los Angeles, Southwest; Gwendolyn A. Drew, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, Central; King MeCristal, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Midwest; Elizabeth McHose, Temple

University, Philadelphia, who represented William M. Grimshaw, Ithaca College, New York, Eastern; and Guy Nesom, Northwestern State College, Natchitoches, Louisiana, Southern. Organization, finance, and convention planning were among the topics discussed.

Forty-two state AHPER presidentselect and a representative from Hawaii met in Washington, D. C., June 16-21 for the third annual meeting of state association presidents-elect. The group considered such matters as membership promotion, state association structure, public relations, convention planning, newsletters, and the role of the state association in building the profession. Leisure Education Conference

Approximately 140 delegates from 30 states attended the National Conference on Education for Leisure-The Role of the Public School, held in Washington, D. C., last May. A brief report of the conference by Louis E. Means, conference director, will appear in the October JOURNAL and the complete report will be published about November 1.

SOS to PE Handbook Users

The AAHPER Committee To Evaluate Experimental Use of Physical Education for High School Students would like to locate teachers who are using the text. If you use this book in your classes, send your name and address to the committee chairman, Clyde Knapp, Department of Physical Education, University of Illinois, Urbana.

Fitness Council Appointees

Shane MacCarthy, executive director of the President's Council on Youth Fitness, has announced the appointment of Ann F. Bergquist as Staff Assistant for the Council and of Colonel George R. Creel as Chief of Public Information. Mrs. Bergquist received the B.A. and M.A. degrees in health and physical education from the University of Maryland. Prior to joining the Council, she was the Confidential Assistant to Oveta Culp Hobby, former Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Colonel Creel, a Regular Army Officer with over 20 years of active service, is a graduate of Fort Leavenworth Command and General Staff College and holds an M.A. degree in journalism. He has held the positions of Chief Press Officer of Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) and Chief of Information for the Military District of Washington.

New College of PE

The School of Physical Education of the University of Illinois is being elevated to College status this month. S. C. Staley is Dean of the new College and is also serving as Head of the Depart(Concluded on page 80)

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"DEAR SIR: As you may have suspected, the opening is for a young woman teacher. It is not often that we find a man qualified in the field of dance as you are." So writes the director of physical education of a large university in reply to an application from a male dance teacher.

The head of a woman's physical education department writes that while she personally has "no objections to having a man as a dance instructor" her situation does not lend itself to having a man. She continues by saying that, "The dance instructor also teaches other activities in the women's service program. I am afraid that the situation would be somewhat awkward because the woman's gymnasium is separate from the men's and the dressing facilities in the woman's gymnasium are not arranged to have separate dressing rooms."

The Dean of Arts and Sciences of another institution states that the physical education department cannot hire a male dance teacher because he would be required to hold classes at night and a man should not be "with all those girls" at that time.

Such are the answers given to the male dance teacher as he applies for a dance position in a university. While such answers are being written to the male teacher, the manager of a large teachers employment bureau writes to the chairman of a department of physical education who is looking for a dance teacher. "We are wondering if a man might not be employed for your position to teach dance. The demand for women in this field is overwhelming and the supply is nil..."

The chairman writes to the man who applied for the position: "Your qualifications and recommendations were excellent and we gave them careful consideration; however, the situation at our University is such that any man directing the dance would be working under a great handicap." Then he states that the "position has been, at least temporarily,

filled by a young woman who does not have as much training or as much experience as you."

Chances of Employment

If such a situation faces the male dance teacher as he seeks a position in his field, what are the chances of his securing a position? Should the male student interested in dance be encouraged to continue his studies in the field; if he does continue, will he find employment? What are the reasons the male teacher finds it difficult to gain employment in his field? The answers to these and other questions are of importance to the counselor of physical education majors as well as to the interested student.

A survey involving 248 colleges and universities accredited by the Association of American Universities was done for a study of job availability of the male dance teacher.1 The writer found that out of 157 colleges two per cent used male instructors to teach modern dance while 82 per cent employed female teachers. The greatest number of men teaching dance was in the field of folk dancing (9% men, 84% women) and the other techniques fall somewhere between. What are the reasons for such a small per cent of men teaching dance? To be sure, fewer men major in dance. Even so, there is a greater per cent of men majoring in dance that have teaching positions. Some of the men go on to the professional field.

Dance in Women's PE Dept.

One of the main factors is that the greatest per cent of dance is under the administration of women's physical education departments. The dance instructor is required to teach subjects other than dance, and these subjects tend to be women's physical education courses.

1This study was summarized by Walter Terry in the New York Herald Tribune, Feb. 28, 1954.

New Dance Officers

As a result of elections conducted last spring through JOURNAL balloting and voting at District Conventions, the following were elected to the offices of the National Section on Dance for a twoyear term:

Secretary: Dorothy Gillanders, Arizona State College, Tempe

Treasurer: Mildred Spiesman, Queen's College, Flushing, New York Member-at-Large: Charlotte York Irey, University of Colorado, Boulder Advisory Member: Aileene Lockhart, University of Southern California, Los Angeles

Continuing in the second year of their terms are Lois Elfeldt, chairman, University of Southern California, and Margaret Erlanger, chairman-elect, University of Illinois.

Such a situation need not exist. Even if dance came under the women's department, there are many coeducational and recreational courses the male instructor could teach, leaving to the women teachers those courses that are for women only. But such a situation becomes administrative and one of vested interests. The woman director, not wishing to lose a teacher from her department, schedules classes which are not coeducational.

However, in the situations where there are coeducational courses, other reasons, such as those stated in the letters above, are given. The matter of whether a man should teach women or a woman should teach men becomes a mute point. In either case, one or the other loses something; the man who studies with women only, loses much of the strength and virility of the movement as his movements tend to be softened, and viceversa. As many of the directors state, the ability is important, not the sex. But with dance coming under the women's department, a woman in most cases is hired. The ideal, of course, is to have both male and female dance teachers.

Because modern dance started in the women's department, it is to their credit that dance in education has made the gains it has today. Much of their insistence on a dance program has been opposed by coaches and men directors. Today, as more men directors see the benefit of dance, greater opportunities are offered the male student in dance.

Another problem to be considered is that of preparation. As most surveys show, the dance courses and aims vary greatly from college to college with little standardization among them. Therefore, the administrator looks to those schools which have a reputation in the field of dance. While this is desirable, it has now become almost cliquish, and all an applicant has to do is to mention the college and she is hired over and above one with greater experience but from a lesser known school.