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England, who being destitute would have been absolutely unable to proceed in the cultivation of her father's lot.

Number
sent.

British.

Foreign
Protestants.

Men.

Two embarkations were made this year, whose numbers are hereafter mentioned, which consisted chiefly of Saltzburgers, who with the Saltzburgers that went before, were settled in a town called by them Ebenezer, upon the river Savannah, at some distance above the town, and by the sobriety and industry of the people they prove a very thriving settlement. The persons sent on the charity this year were Those in the former years were The number of persons sent in the three years to the 9th June 1735 were

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81 whereof 23 and 58 and in 43

493 whereof 378 and 115 and in 196

574 whereof 401 and 173 and in 239

The lands granted in trust this year in order to be granted out in smaller portions in Georgia, were two thousand five hundred acres.

The lands granted this year to persons going at their own expense, were one thousand nine hundred acres.

The money received this year in benefactions amounted to 5416l. 7s. 7d. whereof given in South Carolina, 4647. 18s. 2d. the amount in sterling money and in England 49517. 9s. 5d. which the trustees applied, as also part of their former balance to the amount of 11,194l. 9s. 2d. of which they exhibited an account to the lord chancellor, and master of the rolls, pursuant to their charter, and carried the then remainder into their succeeding account.

From the 9th June, 1735, to the 9th June, 1736.

That all persons who should be desirous of going to Georgia might be apprised in time of the several conditions they were to perform,* rules were drawn up and printed for those who should be sent on the charity, as well as those

* Appendix, No. 3, and 4.

who should go on their own expense, in which the conditions were specified as well as the necessaries for their subsistence and labor.

The parliament having in the year 1735 granted twentysix thousand pounds for the further settling and securing the colony of Georgia, the trustees thought it prudent to strengthen the southern part of the province by making a settlement on the Alatamaha river, to which they were strongly induced by a memorial* sent to his majesty from the governor and council of South Carolina, dated the 9th April, 1734, wherein, after thanking his majesty for his peculiar favor and protection, and especially for his most benign care so wisely calculated for the preservation of South Carolina, by his royal charter to the trustees for establishing the colony of Georgia, and after representing the practices of of the French to seduce the Indians in amity with South Carolina, the attention of the French to the improvement of their settlements, and their late enlargement of them nearer to Carolina, the defenceless condition of their province, and the danger of the inhabitants from their own negroes, and the ruinous situation of the West India trade in case the French should possess themselves of Carolina; they add, that the harbors and ports of Carolina and Georgia † enable his majesty to be absolute master of the passage through the gulf of Florida, and to impede at his pleasure the transportation home of the Spanish treasure, which, should his majesty's enemies possess, would then prove so many convenient harbors for them to annoy a great part of the British trade to America, as well as that which is carried on through the gulf from Jamaica.

Upon which inducements the trustees resolved to make embarkations for strengthening the southern part of Georgia, and to obviate any objections which might be made by sending over any of our useful poor from England; and as the

* Appendix, No. 4.

The harbor in the southern part of Georgia, the nearest to the gulf of Florida which has yet been sounded, has been proved by affidavits of three captains of ships who have been there, viz., captain Thomas Shubrick, captain George Dymond, and captain William Thomson, to be capable of receiving ships of forty guns, and to be safely land locked. And by the affidavit of Thomas Pearce, mariner, who was on the coast of Georgia near four years, it appears that ships in this harbor may in twenty-four hours from the bar, run into the gulf stream of Florida, through which stream the Spanish galleons (when not passing the windward passage) always come.

* Appendix, No. 5.

trustees found that many of the poor who had been useless in England were inclined to be useless likewise in Georgia, they determined that these embarkations should consist chiefly of persons from the highlands of Scotland, and persecuted German protestants.

While these embarkations were preparing, the trustees made preparations for the new settlements. They established the civil government for the new town (which was called Frederica) in the same manner as they had before at Savannah.

In the month of January, 1735, the Highlanders arrived in Georgia, (and with them several of the same country as servants to private grantees) they were settled on the Alatamaha river, about sixteen miles distant by water from the island of St. Simons (which is at the mouth of the river), they soon raised convenient huts till their houses could be built; and the town at their own desire was called Darien, which name still remains to the district, but the town is since named by them New Inverness.

On the 6th February, 1735, the embarkation under the conduct of Mr. Oglethorpe arrived in Georgia, they were settled upon St. Simon's Island, the town called Frederica was soon laid out, and the people were set to work in building their houses. The Creek Indians who went thither upon occasion of this new settlement, agreed that the English should possess St. Simon's Island, with the others contiguous to it. The land of the island is very fertile, chiefly oak and hickory, intermixed with savannahs and old Indian fields, and according to a survey made of it, it is about forty-five miles in circumference.

For a communication between the settlements in the northern and southern parts of the province by land, a road was soon afterwards opened.

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The lands granted in trust this year in order to be granted out in smaller portions were twenty thousand acres; and in trust for religious uses, to be cultivated, with the money arising from private benefactions given for that purpose, in order to settle a provision upon a clergyman at Savannah, a catechist and a schoolmaster, three hundred acres.

The lands granted this year to persons going on their own expense were nine thousand three hundred acres.

The money received this year pursuant to Act of Parliament was £26,000, and in benefactions 21647. 19s. 6d. 3q., whereof in South Carolina 4117. 1s. 1d. 3q. the amount in sterling money, and in England 1753l. 18s. 5d., whereof the trustees applied 22,6971. 5s. 5d. 3q. of which they exhibited an account to the Lord Chancellor and Master of the Rolls, pursuant to their charter, and carried the remainder into their succeeding account.

From the 9th June, 1736, to the 9th June, 1737.

For the security of the people (who were settled the last year on St. Simon's Island) and the southern part of the province, several forts were built this year, viz.:

One at Frederica, with four regular bastions and a spur work towards the river, and several pieces of cannon were mounted on it.

About ten miles from Frederica a large battery is built commanding the entrance into the sound, where ten or twelve forty gun ships may safely ride, there being sufficient water on the Bar called Jekyll for such ships to go over, which Bar lies in 30d. 40m. and behind Jekyll Island there is water and room enough for shipping for ten miles up. The battery is enclosed within a strong wall, and has a guard-house within the wall capable of holding twenty-four

men.

Another fort was built on the south-west part of the Island of St. Peters (now called Cumberland,) which lies in 30d. 30m. under which fort, on which are mounted several pieces of ordnance pointed towards the river, all sloops and boats in the inland passage to this island must come. Within the pallisade round the fort there are fine springs of water, and

there is a well framed timber log house, thirty feet by eighteen, with a magazine under it both for ammunition and provisions. A scout boat is stationed at this island.

As these precautions were taken for the southern part of the province, directions were given for a fort to be built for the security of the northern part, by way of an out-guard against any invasion by land. This was at a place called Augusta, which has proved a very thriving town, it being now the chief place of trade with the Indians, and where the traders of both provinces of South Carolina and Georgia resort, from the security they find there. Augusta is about two hundred and thirty miles by water from the town of Savannah, and large boats, which carry about nine thousand pounds weight of deer-skins, can navigate down the river Savannah. The town, which stands upon a high ground near the river, is well inhabited, and has several warehouses in it furnished with goods for the Indian trade. A road has been likewise made, so that horsemen can now ride from this town to Savannah, as likewise to the Cherokee Indians, who are situated above the town of Augusta, and trade with it. A garrison has been kept at this fort at the trustees expense till the arrival of the regiment his majesty since ordered for the defence of the colony.

Whilst these dispositions were making for the security of the province, the parliament gave ten thousand pounds this year for the further settling and securing the colony; but as the expenses of the forts and the supplies which were sent for the support of the colony were very great, and as many people in the northern part of the province were as yet unable to subsist themselves, and out of compassion to them and their families a store was still kept open for their subsistence, the trustees sent over but few persons this year.

In the beginning of the year 1737, the Spaniards at Augustine made preparations for attacking the colony of Georgia; they laid in quantities of corn and provisions, bought up a great number of fire-arms, and large bodies of regular troops were sent thither from the Havana.

The Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina informed the magistrates of Savannah of these preparations. This advice and the frequent alarms which were otherwise given, drew the people off from their labor in the sowing season, and their improvements in their plantations were neglected, and they were obliged to make preparations for their defence.

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