survey the country from Savannah to the Alatamaha, to know where a road might be most conveniently made, and appointed Mr. Hugh Mackay, Jr. with ten rangers to escort them, and two pack horsemen to carry provisions for them. Toma Chi Chi also sent some Indians with them.

On the 14th Toma Chi Chi, Scenauky his wife, Tooannahowi, his nephew, and several attendants, came down to visit Mr. Oglethorpe on board the Symond, carrying with them venison, milk, honey, and other Indian refreshments.

Toma Chi Chi acquainted Mr. Oglethorpe that he had sent up to the Creek nation notice of his arrival by two chief men, who had staid on purpose for some months, they having so long expected him. That he had sent a party of Indians to assist Capt. Mackay at the Darien: that the Uchee Indians complained that cattle were passed over into their country, contrary to the capitulation; and that planters had come and settled negroes there. Part of these cattle belonged to the Saltzburghers, who had passed over the Ebenezer river into the Uchee lands; and the rest, as also the negroes, belonged to some of the inhabitants of South Carolina. Upon this the following orders were issued to Capt. Eneas M'Intosh:

66

Tybee Road, 14th February, 1735–6. Being informed by the Indians, that several persons, contrary to the treaties with them made, have carried over cattle and negroes, and have planted on the Georgia side of the river: You are hereby authorized and required to give notice to the same persons to withdraw their horses, cattle, and negroes, out of Georgia; and if within three days they do not withdraw their negroes, you are to seize and bring the negroes to the town of Savannah, and deliver them to the magistrates there; and proceeding shall be had if they leave their cattle beyond the said term.

(Copy.)

JAMES OGLETHORPE."

This day Mr. Oglethorpe sent up the act, entitled, An act for maintaining the peace with the Indians in the Province of Georgia, prepared by the honorable Trustees for establishing the colony of Georgia in America, and approved by his most excellent Majesty King George the IId in council, on the 3d day of April, in the year of our Lord 1735, and in the eighth

year of his Majesty's reign to Savannah Town, (alias New Windsor) and from thence to every trader amongst the Indians, and notice was given them to conform thereunto.

Scenauky presented the missionaries two large jars, one of honey, and one of milk, and invited them to come up to their new town at Yamacraw, and teach the children there; and told them that the honey and milk was a representation of their inclinations. The same evening, having done my business on board Captain Thomson, I went down to the ships in the scout boat. About midnight came to anchor at Tybee a sloop from New York, called the Midnight, loaded with provisions.

On the 15th Captain Yokely not being yet come down, Mr. Oglethorpe was much concerned at the delay, which was of great damage to the poor people, who by not being on their lands, were losing the best season both for building and improving (which is the winter.) Besides, we were apprehensive that the Spanish Indians might undertake something against the Highlanders, if they were not strengthened; who also might be uneasy at finding themselves not supported; and that the Spaniards themselves might perhaps take possession of the mouths of the harbors, and drive off and conquer the English Indians, who were then, and have long been in possession of those islands, and to whom they belonged for several ages. The danger of sickness, and damage of goods, besides the expense and hazard of sending the people in open boats, was very great; and if no vessel lay in the entrance, if the Spaniards should come up with the smallest ship, they might entrench themselves under the shelter of the ship's cannon, in spite of all that the English Indians could do. Mr. Oglethorpe spoke to both the Captains to go and anchor at the entrance of Jekyl sound, and go in with boats (which he would furnish and go with himself) sound the bar and carry their ships in. They remonstrated the danger and impossibility of merchant ships making discoveries. At last this expedient was thought of; to buy the cargo of the Midnight sloop, who arrived last night, on condition that she should go into Jekyl sound, and deliver the cargo at Frederica in the Alatamaha. Captain Cornish and Captain Thomas consented to go board the sloop, and in her to try the entrance, and promised them to come back and carry their ships in, who, in the mean time,

would lie in safety in Tybee harbor. Mr. Oglethorpe agreed for the cargo; the master of the sloop, one Barnes, being a brisk man and very willing to undertake the discovery of the entrance, seeing it was for the public service. Mr. Oglethorpe ordered Mr. Horton and Mr. Tanner, with thirty of the single men of the colony, on board the sloop, with cannon, arms, ammunition, and tools for entrenching, with whom Captain Cornish and Captain Thomas went down by sea to meet him at Frederica; himself going down by the channels within the islands. Such diligence was used, that the sloop sailed by eight the next morning. Mr. Oglethorpe ordered from Savannah the workmen that he had engaged there; also more Indians from Toma Chi Chi; and those Indians who were already down, to rendezvous at certain posts, where he might send for them as occasion should require.

On the 16th, in the evening, Mr. Oglethorpe set out in the scout boat, through the inland channels to meet the sloop at Jekyl sound. He carried with him Capt. Hermsdorf, two of the colony, and some Indians. Capt. Dunbar also accompanied him with his boat. I was left with the ships, having charge of their cargoes.

On the 17th Capt. Yokely came down to Tybee from Savannah.

On the 18th he began to take beef and other provisions out of Capt. Dymond, for Frederica; and before he had completed his cargo, the wind came about so that he could not get out.

Before Mr. Oglethorpe set out for the Southward, Lieutenant Delegal, who at that time commanded his Majesty's independent company at Port Royal, waited upon him, pursuant to his letter, to acquaint him with the circumstances of the company, and what provisions would be necessary for their subsistence, and what boats for their embarkation, that company being ordered to St. Simons.

A gentleman with letters to the Governor of Augustine, from the person charged with the King of Spain's affairs at the court of England, came over in the ship Symond. Mr. Oglethorpe, before he went to Alatamaha, left orders with Major Richard of Purysburgh to conduct that gentleman in a six-oared boat, being the best then to be got, to Augustine and also by the same occasion sent a letter to that Governor.

Mr. Spangenburg acquainted Mr. Oglethorpe, that several Germans with whom he had an influence were gone to Pennsylvania instead of Georgia, and that he would go thither and fetch them, to be an increase of strength to the colony. Mr. Oglethorpe told him, that he would not inveigle any from another colony; but if Mr. Penn, the proprietor of that Province, was desirous they should come away, he was willing to receive them; therefore he gave letters for Mr. Penn to Mr. Spangenburg.

On the 19th, Major Richard set out for St. Augustine, with the gentleman for that place.

Whilst Mr. Oglethorpe was absent, the colony that remained with us were employed, some in helping to build the Beacon at Tybee, and some in hunting and fishing; they all went daily on shore to Peeper island, but none went up to Savannah, nor no boats came to them without license, for fear some unwary people should be drawn to spend what little they had in buying refreshments, and lest they should make themselves sick, by drinking drams and eating trash. They had plenty of fresh provisions and good beer provided for them, which made this restraint not inconvenient. They washed their linen and dressed their meat on shore with fires made of cedar and bay trees, which to people new come from England, seemed an extraordinary luxury. On the shore were oyster banks, dry at low water, where they took as many as they pleased, the oysters being very good.

I observed here a kind of long moss I had never seen before; it grows in great quantities upon the large trees, and hangs down three or four yards from the boughs; it gives a noble, ancient, and hoary look to the woods; it is of a whitish green color, but when dried is black and like horsehair. This the Indians use for wadding their guns, and making their couches soft under the skins of beasts which serve them for beds. They use it also for tinder, striking fire by flashing the pans of their guns into a handful of it, and for all other uses where old linen would be necessary. On the 23d, Col. Bull, one of his Majesty's council in Carolina, arrived here in his own periagua, with letters from the Lieutenant Governor, Council and Assembly of that Province, for Mr. Oglethorpe. I offered him the ship's great cabin, and all provisions and necessaries, but he refused it, having himself a cabin fitted up with all conveniences aboard

his own periagua; howsoever he did us the favor to dine on board.

Nothing remarkable happened on board till Mr. Oglethorpe returned from the southward, which was on the 25th, in the evening. I had from one who went along with him the following account.

"The scout boat went along through channels, between the islands and the main; these channels are in some places above a mile, and in others not above two hundred yards wide. In many places the woods of pines, evergreen oaks, and cedar trees grow close to the water side, which with the clear sea-green color and stillness of the channels, sheltered by the woods, is very delightful to the eye. In other places, on the banks, are wide marshes, so hard that cattle feed upon them, though at some of the very highest spring tides they are just covered with water. We passed between the island of Wilmington and the main; upon the latter, we landed at one Mr. Lacy's, where five gentlemen of five hundred acre lots have built their houses together, that they might be the more easily fortified, which they are with palisades well flanked with several pieces of cannon. They with masters and servants make the garrison, and in all times of apprehension do regular duty; one of the masters with proportion of servants, mounting guard each night. They have cleared above one hundred acres of land round the fort. They have milk, cattle, hogs, garden stuff, and poultry in such plenty, that they sent at different times several bushes of eggs down to Frederica. This fort commands the water passage between the islands to Savannah. It stands high, the banks of the river being about eighteen foot perpendicular from high water mark, the bottom is a clay mixed with iron stone, and is the only place an enemy can land at from the southward. It is but four miles from Savannah by land, though sixteen by water; and the ridge of pine groves reaching all the way from the one to the other, it is passable for horses and carriages by going a little round about to follow the course of the open groves. Mr. Lacy has there set up potash works, and made some for trial, but finding that he could make more advantage of the same labor by sawing timber for the sugar islands, and splitting staves for the Madera, he does not now go on with the potash, till he can have more strength of hands. Here we