General system theory: foundations, development, applications |
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Page 120
5 The Organism Considered as Physical System The Organism as Open System
Physical chemistry presents the theory of kinetics and equilibria in chemical
systems. As example, consider the reversible reaction in ester formation:
C2H5OH + ...
5 The Organism Considered as Physical System The Organism as Open System
Physical chemistry presents the theory of kinetics and equilibria in chemical
systems. As example, consider the reversible reaction in ester formation:
C2H5OH + ...
Page 121
190ff.; 1937, pp. 80ff.). We realize at once, however, that there may be systems in
equilibrium in the organism, but that the organism as such cannot be considered
as an equilibrium system. The organism is not a closed, but an open system.
190ff.; 1937, pp. 80ff.). We realize at once, however, that there may be systems in
equilibrium in the organism, but that the organism as such cannot be considered
as an equilibrium system. The organism is not a closed, but an open system.
Page 134
Biological Applications It should have become evident by now that many
characteristics of organismic systems, often considered vitalistic or mystical, can
be derived from the system concept and the characteristics of certain, rather
general ...
Biological Applications It should have become evident by now that many
characteristics of organismic systems, often considered vitalistic or mystical, can
be derived from the system concept and the characteristics of certain, rather
general ...
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Contents
Introduction | 3 |
The Meaning of General System Theory | 30 |
Some System Concepts in Elementary Mathematical | 54 |
Copyright | |
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allometric animals appears applied approach aspects atoms basic Bertalanffy biological catabolism causal cell characteristics chemical chemistry classical classical physics closed systems complex components consideration considered constant contrast cultural cybernetics defined depends dynamic elements emphasized energy entities entropy equifinality equilibrium essentially evolution example existence experience expressed fact feedback fields formulation function fundamental game theory growth curves homeostasis homeostatic human behavior important increase individual information theory interaction isomorphic kinetics language laws living organism Lotka machine mathematical means mechanisms mechanistic mental metabolic rate modern nature nervous system open systems organismic phenomena philosophy physics physiological possible present principle problems processes protein psychology psychophysical quantitative reaction reality regulations relations scheme schizophrenia scientific sense servomechanisms similar so-called society sociology specific steady stimuli structure symbolic system theory teleology theoretical theory of open thermodynamics tion Unity of Science universe vitalistic whole world picture