General System Theory: Foundations, Development, ApplicationsAn attempt to formulate common laws that apply to virtually every scientific field, this conceptual approach has had a profound impact on such widely diverse disciplines as biology, economics, psychology, and demography. |
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Page 39
Foundations, Development, Applications Ludwig von Bertalanffy. Closed and Open Systems : Limitations of Conventional Physics My first example is that of closed and open systems . Conven- tional physics deals only with closed systems , i.e. ...
Foundations, Development, Applications Ludwig von Bertalanffy. Closed and Open Systems : Limitations of Conventional Physics My first example is that of closed and open systems . Conven- tional physics deals only with closed systems , i.e. ...
Page 125
... systems , in contrast , the steady state is not reversible as a whole nor in many individual reactions . Further- more , the second principle applies , by definition , to closed systems only and does not define the steady state . A ...
... systems , in contrast , the steady state is not reversible as a whole nor in many individual reactions . Further- more , the second principle applies , by definition , to closed systems only and does not define the steady state . A ...
Page 159
... systems have remarkable features of which I will mention only a few . One fundamental difference is that closed systems must eventually attain a time - independent state of chemical and thermodynamic equilibrium ; in contrast , open systems ...
... systems have remarkable features of which I will mention only a few . One fundamental difference is that closed systems must eventually attain a time - independent state of chemical and thermodynamic equilibrium ; in contrast , open systems ...
Contents
Introduction | 3 |
The Meaning of General System Theory | 30 |
Some System Concepts in Elementary Mathematical | 54 |
Copyright | |
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Common terms and phrases
allometric animals appears applied approach aspects atoms basic Bertalanffy biological catabolism causality cell characteristics chemical classical classical physics closed systems complex components consideration considered constant contrast cultural cybernetics defined differential dynamic elements energy entities entropy equations equifinality equilibrium essentially evolution example existence experience expressed fact feedback fields formulation function game theory growth curves homeostasis homeostatic human behavior important increase individual information theory interaction isomorphic kinetics language laws living organism Lotka Ludwig von Bertalanffy machine mathematical means mechanisms mechanistic mental metabolic rate modern nature nervous system open systems organismic phenomena philosophy physics physiological possible present principle problems processes protein psychology psychophysical quantitative reaction reality regulations relations scheme scientific sense servomechanisms similar so-called sociology specific steady structure symbolic system theory teleology theoretical theory of open thermodynamics tion Unity of Science universe vitalistic weight whole world picture York
References to this book
The Roots of Modern Environmentalism David Pepper,John W. Perkins,Martyn J. Youngs No preview available - 1984 |