or the major part of them, as aforefaid, fo fully and wholly, and in as large and ample manner and form, to all intents and purposes, as the faid treafurer, if he were prefent, him-' felf might or could do and execute the fame.

or

power to

governors

XIII. And further, of our fpecial grace, certain know- The council ledge, and mere motion, for us, our heirs, and fucceffors, fhall have we do, by these presents, give and grant full power and au- make or ap thority to our faid council, here refident, as well at this point and to prefent time, as hereafter from time to time, to nominate, change or make, conftitute, ordain, and confirm, by fuch name difplace all names, ftile or ftiles, as to them fhall feem good; and like- and other wise to revoke, discharge, change, and alter, as well all and officers of fingular governors, officers, and minifters, which already governmen have been made, as alfo which hereafter fhall be by them colonies. thought fit and needful to be made or ufed, for the government of the faid colony and plantation.

XIV. And also to make, ordain, and establish all manner And to of orders, laws, directions, inftructions, forms, and cere- make lawsfor the good monies of government and magiftracy, fit and neceffary, for government and concerning the government of the faid colony and planta- of the said tion; and the fame, at all times hereafter, to abrogate, re- colonies. voke, or change, not only within the precincts of the faid colony, but also upon the feas in going and coming, to and from the faid colony, as they, in their good difcretion, fhall think to be fitteft for the good of the adventurers and inhabitants there.

blished there

XV. And we do alfo declare, that, for divers reafons and Upon the confiderations us thereunto efpecially moving, our will and arrival of a pleasure is, and we do hereby ordain, that immediately from governor appointed and after fuch time, as any fuch governor or principal officer, by the faid fo to be nominated and appointed, by our faid council, for council in the government of the faid colony, as aforefaid, fhall arrive Virginia, the power of in Virginia, and give notice unto the colony there refident of theprefident our pleasure in this behalf, the government, power and au- and council thority of the prefident and council, heretofore by our former already eftaletters patents there established, and all laws and conftitutions, and of all by them formerly made, fhall utterly ceafe and be determined, other offi and all officers, governors, and minifters, formerly conftituted cers of go or appointed, fhall be difcharged, any thing, in our former l letters patents concerning the faid plantation contained, in any ftantly ceafe wife to the contrary notwithstanding; ftraightly charging and and be dea commanding the prefident and council, now refident in the faid colony, upon their allegiance, after knowledge given unto them of our will and pleafüre, by thefe prefents fignified and declared, that they forthwith be obedient to fuch governor or

governors,

vernment

hall in.

termined.

Admiffion

of new members

into the

governors; as by our faid council, here refident, fhall be named and appointed, as aforefaid, and to all directions, or ders and commandments, which they fhall receive from them, as well in the prefent refigning and giving up of their authority, offices, charge and places, as in all other attendance, as fhall be by them, from time to time, required.

XVI. And we do further, by these prefents, ordain and eftablish, that the faid treasurer and council here refident, and their fucceffors, or any four of them, being affembled (the company. treasurer being one) fhall, from time to time, have full power and authority, to admit and receive any other person into their company, corporation, and freedom; and further, in a general affembly of the adventurers, with the consent of the greater part, upon good caufe, to disfranchife and put out any perfon or perfons, out of the faid freedom and company.

Disfranchifement.

Power to

work all forts of mines.

Power to

faid colony,

XVII. And we do alfo grant and confirm, for us, our heirs and fucceffors, that it fhall be lawful for the faid treasurer and company, and their fucceffors, by direction of the governors there, to dig and to fearch for all manner of mines of gold, filver, copper, iron, lead, tin, and all forts of minerals, as well within the precinct aforefaid, as within any part of the main land, not formerly granted to any other; and to have and enjoy the gold, filver, copper, iron, lead, and tin, and all other minerals, to be gotten thereby, to the use and behoof of the faid company of planters and adventurers yielding thereof, and paying yearly, unto us, our heirs and fucceffors, as aforefaid.

XVIII. And we do further, of our fpecial grace, certain carryout the knowledge, and mere motion, for us, our heirs, and fuccefking's fubjects or any fors, grant, by thefe prefents, to and with the faid treasurer ftrangers to and company, and their fucceffors, that it fhall be lawful and fettle the free for them, and their affigns, at all and every time and together times hereafter, out of our realm of England, and out of all with all ne- other our dominions, to take and lead into the faid voyages, ceffary arms and for and towards the said plantation, and to travel thitherfence, and wards, and to abide and inhabit there in the faid colony and merchan- plantation, all fuch and fo many of our loving fubjects, or difes proper any other ftrangers, that will become our loving fubjects, for trading and live under our obedience, as fhall willingly accompany ple there: them in the faid voyage and plantation; with fufficient fhip

for their de

ping, armour, weapons, ordinance, munition, powder, shot, victuals, and fuch merchandises or wares, as are esteemed by the wild people in thofe parts, cloathing, implements, furni ture, cattle, horses, and mares, and all other things, neceffary for the faid plantation, and for their use and defence,

and

tom or other

and trade with the people there; and in paffing, and returning to and fro; without yielding or paying fubfidy, cuftom, withoutpayimpofition, or any other tax or duty, to us, our heirs, or ing any cuffucceffors, for the space of feven years from the date of these duty for prefents; provided, that none of the faid perfons be fuch, as them for 7 fhall be hereafter, by fpecial name, reftrained by us, our heirs, years. and fucceffors.

or fubfidies

and after

fucceffors

goods ex

XIX. And for their further encouragement, of our special No customs grace and favour, we do, by these prefents, for us, our heirs fhall be paid and fucceffors, yield and grant, to and with the faid treasurer in Virginia and company, and their fucceffors, and every of them, their for 21 years; factors and affigns, that they and every of them, fhall be free that time of all the fubfidies and cuftoms in Virginia, for the space of thefaidcomone-and-twenty years, and from all taxes and impofitions, pany and for ever, upon any goods or merchandizes, at any time or fhall pay ontimes hereafter, either upon importation thither, or exporta- ly a duty of tion from thence, into our realm of England, or into any 5 per cent. other of our realms or dominions, by the faid treasurer and upon all company, and their fucceffors, their deputies, factors, or ported from affigns, or any of them; except only the five pounds per cent. Virginia indue for cuftom, upon all fuch goods and merchandizes, as to England; fhall be brought or imported into our realm of England, or they may any other of thefe our dominions, according to the antient export the trade of merchants; which five pounds per cent. only being fame into foreign parts paid, it shall be thenceforth lawful and free for the faid ad- within the venturers, the fame goods and merchandizes to export, and space of 13 carry out of our said dominions, into foreign parts, without months af any cuftom, tax, or other duty, to be paid to us, our heirs, ing first lanor fucceffors, or to any other our officers or deputies; pro- ded in Engvided, that the faid goods and merchandizes be shipped out, land, withwithin thirteen months, after their firft landing within any any other part of thofe dominions,

after which

ter their be

out paying

duty.

fift and ex

truders into

XX. And we do alfo grant and confirm to the faid treasurer Power to reand company, and their fucceflors, as alfo to all and every fuch governor, or other officers and ministers, as by our faid pell all incouncil fhall be appointed to have power and authority of the faid cogovernment and command, in or over the faid colony or plan- lony. tation; that they, and every of them, fhall and lawfully may, from time to time, and at all times for ever hereafter, for their feveral defence and fafety, encounter, expulfe, repel, and refift, by force and arms, as well by fea as by land, and all ways and means whatfoever, all and every fuch perfon and perfons whatsoever, as (without the fpecial licence of the faid treasurer and company, and their fucceffors) fhall attempt to inhabit, within the faid feveral precincts and limits of the faid

M

colony

Power to raife 5 per

the faid

colony and plantation; and also, all and every such person and perfons whatsoever, as fhall enterprize or attempt, at any time hereafter, deftruction, invafion, hurt, detriment, or annoyance, to the faid colony and plantatión, as is likewise specified in the faid former grant.

XXI, And that it fhall be lawful for the faid treasurer and cent. upon company, and their fucceffors, and every of them, from time all goodsim- to time, and at all times for ever hereafter, and they fhall have ported into full power and authority, to take and furprife, by all ways faid colony or exported and means whatsoever, all and every perfon and perfons whatout of it by foever, with their fhips, goods, and other furniture, trafthe king's ficking in any harbour, creek, or place, within the limits or fubjects not members of precincts of the faid colony and plantation, not being allowed by the faid company to be adventurers or planters of the said company; colony, until fuch time as they, being of any realms and dominions under our obedience, fhall pay, or agree to pay, to the hands of the treasurer or of fome other officer, deputed by the faid governor of Virginia (over and above fuch fubfidy and cuftom, as the faid company is, or hereafter fhall be, to pay) five pounds per cent, upon all goods and merchandifes fo brought in thither, and alfo five per cent. upon all goods by and ro per them fhipped out from thence; and being strangers, and not cent. upon under our obedience, until they have paid (over and above fuch imported fubfidy and cuftom, as the faid treasurer and company, or thither or their fucceffors, is, or hereafter fhall be, to pay) ten pounds thence by per cent. upon all fuch goods, likewife carried in and out, any thing, in the faid former letters patents, to the contrary not under notwithstanding; and the fame fums of money and benefit, the king's as aforefaid, for and during the space of one-and-twenty years, fhall be wholly employed to the benefit, ufe, and behoof of the faid colony and plantation; and after the said one-and-twenty years ended, the fame fhall be taken to the ufe of us, our heirs, and fucceffors, by fuch officers and minifters, as by us, our heirs, or fucceffors, fhall be thereunto affigned and appointed, as is fpecified in the said former letters patents.

all good's

exported

ftrangers

obedience.

General denization of all fuch per

XXII. Alfo, we do, for us, our heirs, and fucceffors, declare, by these prefents, that all and every the perfons, fons as hall being our fubjects, which fhall go and inhabit within the be born in faid colony and plantation, and every of their children and that colony: pofterity, which fhall happen to be born within any the limits

thereof, fhall have and enjoy all liberties, franchifes, and immunities of free denizens and natural fubjects, within any of our other dominions, to all intents and purposes, as if they

had

had been abiding and born within this our realm of England, or in any other of our dominions.

ment that

pointed for

XXIII. And forafmuch, as it fhall be neceffary for all fuch Power to our loving fubjects, as fhall inhabit within the faid precincts the officers of governof Virginia, afor faid, to determine to live together, in the fear and true worship of Almighty God, chriftian peace, and fhall be apcivil quietnefs, each with other, whereby every one may; that purpofe with more fafety, pleasure, and profit, enjoy that, whereunto by the counthey fhall attain with great pain and peril; we, for us, our cíl aforefaid, heirs, and fucceffors, are likewife pleafed and contented, and to govern the people of by these prefents, do give and grant unto the faid treasurer the faid coand company, and their fucceffors, and to fuch governors, lony accordofficers, and minifters, as fhall be, by our faid council, con- ing to laws, crimiftituted and appointed, according to the natures and limits al as well of their offices and places refpectively, that they fhall and as civil, as may, from time to time for ever hereafter, within the faid fhall be eftablished by precincts of Virginia, or in the way by fea thither and from the faid thence, have full and abfolute power and authority, to cor- council. rect, punifh, pardon, govern, and rule, all fuch the subjects of us, our heirs, and fucceffors, as fhall, from time to time, adventure themselves in any voyage thither, or that shall, at any time hereafter, inhabit in the precincts and territories of the faid colony, as aforefaid, according to fuch orders, ordinances, conftitutions, directions, and inftructions, as by our faid council, as aforefaid, fhall be eftablifhed; and in defect thereof, in cafe of neceffity, acccording to the good difcretion of the faid governor and officers, refpectively, as well in cafes capital and criminal as civil, both marine and other; fo always, as the faid ftatutes, ordinances, and proceedings, as near as conveniently may be, be agreeable to the laws, ftatutes, government, and policy of this our realm of England.

XXIV. And we do further, of our fpecial grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, grant, declare, and ordain, that fuch principal governor, as, from time to time, shall duly and lawfully be authorifed and appointed, in manner and form in these prefents heretofore expreffed, fhall have full power and authority, to use and exercise martial law, in cates of rebellion or mutiny, in as large and ample manner, as our lieutenants in our counties, within this our realm of England, have, or ought to have, by force of their commillions of lieutenancy.

under pre

XXV. And furthermore, if any perfon or perfons, ad- Perfonswho venturers or planters of the faid colony, or any other, at any time or times hereafter, fhall transport any monies, goods, ding to this

M 2

tence of tra

or colony, fhall