VI. THE STEPPING STONES OF REVOLUTION

The Tea; Death of Fauquier; Lord Botetourt; His Re-

ception; Dissolves the Burgesses; They Meet at

the Raleigh; Death of Botetourt; His Character;

Lord Dunmore; The Committees of Correspond-

ence.

VII. JEFFERSON THE "APOSTLE OF DEMOCRACY "

His Early Life; His Gay Temperament; Becomes a

Freethinker; Character of his Intellect; His Sum-

mary View.

VIII. LEE, MASON, and PENDLETON

Lee's Origin; His Advanced Opinions; Personal Ap-

pearance; Mason's Wit; His Patriotism; The Bill

of Rights; Pendleton's Views; His Person and

Oratory.

IX. VIRGINIA AND MASSACHUSETTS.

The Issue; Boston Occupied by British Troops; The

Tea; Action in Virginia; The Ball at the Capitol;

A Convention Called; The First of June; The Gen-

eral Congress; Chatham's Opinion of It.

X. THE FIRST BLOOD OF THE REVOLUTION

Dunmore's Expedition; Andrew Lewis; He Marches

to the Ohio; Is Attacked; The Battle at Point

Pleasant; Scene with Dunmore; Charges against

the Governor; Lewis Returns.

XI. VIRGINIA ARMING

The Spring of 1775; The People in Arms; The Conven-

tion at St. John's; Henry's Great Speech; Mr.

Wirt's Exaggerations; The Fight at Concord.

XII. THE GUNPOWDER.

The Seizure of the Powder; Excitement of the People;

The Rappahannock Men; The March of Henry;

The Olive Branch Rejected; Explosion at the

Magazine; Flight of Dunmore; Washington ap-

pointed Commander-in-Chief.

XIII. THE LAST OF DUNMORE IN VIRGINIA

The Committee of Safety; Henry General-in-Chief;

Dunmore's Depredations; Action at Great Bridge;

Norfolk Burned; Lewis and Dunmore; Dunmore

Sails for England.

XIV. VIRGINIA DECLARES HERSELF AN INDEPENDENT COM-

MONWEALTH

The Convention; Proposed Declaration; The Virginia

400

405

410

415

422

426

429

435

438

Bill of Rights; The Constitution; Henry
Elected Governor; Congress and the Declara-
tion; The Record of Virginia.

XV. THE OVERTURNERS

The Laboring Oar; Jefferson in the Assembly; The

Religious Struggle; The Result; Entails; The

Result; The Social Change; Patrick Henry to

be Dictator; Cary's Message to Him; Gloom

at the End of 1776.

XVI. THE HANNIBAL OF THE WEST.

Morgan and his Riflemen; The Virginia Troops in

the Army; George Rogers Clarke; He Marches

on Kaskaskia; On Vincennes; The Drowned

Lands of the Wabash; The Capture of Vincen-

nes; The Result.

XVII. LAFAYETTE AND CORNWALLIS .

No more Slaves to be Imported; A Marauder ;

Despondency of the Times; Washington's

Statement; Arnold Captures Richmond; Phil-

lips and Lafayette; Death of Phillips; Arrival

of Cornwallis; Lafayette Retreats; Tarleton's

Depredations; Wayne's Arrival; Cornwallis

Retreats; Action at Jamestown; Cornwallis

Retires to Yorktown; The Result of the Cam-

paign.

XVIII. YORKTOWN.

The Crisis; Washington's Resolution; His Move-

ment Southward; Passage through Philadel-

phia; Arrival at Williamsburg; Cornwallis at

Yorktown; Lafayette's Soldiership; The Naval

Fight; Washington's Visit to De Grasse; Ad-

vance on Yorktown; The Siege; General Nel-

son; Burning of the English Ships; The As-

sault; Lord Cornwallis Capitulates; The Cere-

mony of Surrender.

XIX. THE CONSTITUTION

.

Conclusion of Peace; The Articles of Confedera-

tion; Virginia for Union; The Northwest Terri-

tory; She Surrenders It; The Federal Constitu-

tion; Excitement in Virginia; The Virginia

Convention; A Passionate Struggle; The Con-

stitution Adopted; The Virginia Conditions.

442

449

454

472

XX. MODERN VIRGINIA

The Republican Ascendency; Change in Manners;

Resolutions of '98; Death of Washington and

Henry; Henry's Will; Trial of Callender; Of

Aaron Burr; The Servile Insurrections; The

Burning of the Theatre; The War of 1812; The

Colleges; The Convention of 1829; Jackson

and South Carolina; Repose of the Period pre-

ceding the Civil War.

XXI. VIRGINIA LITERATURE IN THE NINETEENTH CEN-

TURY

History and Biography; Theology and Physical

Science; Constitutional Law; Poetry; Fic-

tion; Miscellany; Character of the Literature.

XXII. THE WAR OF THE SECTIONS

The Attitude of Virginia; Her Peace Policy; The

Direct Issue; Secession; The Virginia Troops.

XXIII. VIRGINIA SINCE THE WAR.

477

490

Resolution of the People; Their Treatment of

Northerners; Reconstruction; Emancipation;

Relations of the Races; Resources of the State;

New Virginia.

505

The vignette upon the title page is a copy of the first seal of Vir-

ginia as it appears on the title page of Smith's
"General History of

Virginia."

The map is a reproduction of so much of the official map of the

State of Virginia, published in 1826, with the insertion of names of
all places referred to in this history. Where the State map fails to
give the localities, the authority followed is that of Frye and Jeffer-
son in their survey of 1749, as published by Jeffery in his series of
maps of the British possessions in America.

VIRGINIA:

A HISTORY OF THE PEOPLE.

I. THE PLANTATION.

I.

THE GOOD LAND.

JUST three centuries ago, two ships sent from England on a voyage of exploration crossed the Atlantic by way of the Azores, sailed northward along the coast of Florida, and came to anchor off the Indian kingdom of Axacan, now North Carolina.

The voyagers were amazed at the beauty of the country. The time was midsummer, and before them was a long island fringed with verdure. Above the undergrowth rose "the highest and reddest cedars of the world;" the wild vines were so full of grape bunches that "the very surf overflowed them;" and deer, turkeys, and snow-white cranes were "in incredible abundance." When the mariners landed, first on the island and then on the main-land, they were welcomed by the Indians, who proved to be "a kind, loving people;" and the time from summer to autumn was spent in exploring the adjacent country. The name of the immediate region was Wingandacoa, which seems to have signified "The Good Land," and the Englishmen found it "most plentiful, sweet, wholesome and fruitful of all other."