White.

States and Territories.

Male.

TABLE 2, from the Census of 1880, showing the race and sex of the population in the States and Territories.

TABLE 2 FROM THE CENSUS OF 1880.

The second table presented shows the sex and race of the inhabitants in the several States and Territories. The Chinese were found chiefly in California, Oregon, Nevada, Idaho Territory, and Washington Territory. Chinese males exceed Chinese females in number ninety-six thousand, thus proving that their stay in the country is only provisional and temporary and that they can give no "hostages to fortune." The conditions of their stay in the country and of the further admission of Chinese men in such disproportion is a proper subject for national legislation. My report for 1870 contained an article on the Chinese migration to this country, in which the chief peculiarity of that race was said to be their family life. This is doubtless true of the Chinese in China; it certainly is not true of them in this country up to the present time: Industrious, frugal, law abiding families are the best foundations of a state; but the present condition of Chinese immigration is demoralizing to those who come here, destructive of previous economic relations, and profitable only to the few great "companies," who control and employ labor purely for their own benefit, regardless of the misery they entail on others.

The white males exceeded the white females 858,830; much of this excess is occupied in subduing the dangers and difficulties of the Territories and the newer States. In such communities the expenditure of life is as inevitable as in the vicissitudes of war, and the bulk of it must be borne by the more adventurous and stronger sex. Several decades of years must pass before numerical equality of sex is established. If the relation between the two sexes in the colored population be assumed as the natural one for this continent, we find that about one million three hundred and forty thousand white males are available, or growing up to become available, for this special conquest of natural difficulties in our more recent communities. Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, California, Colorado, Arizona, Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Minnesota, Michigan, and Texas show where the pioneers now muster thickest. Diagrams Nos. 5-8 display the excess of white and colored males and females in the different parts of the Union in an effective way.

TABLE 3 FROM THE CENSUS OF 1880.

The third table derived from the Census shows some interesting particulars respecting the native population of the country: Sixty-seven per cent. of these natives, forming seventy-seven per cent. of the whole population, lived in the States in which they were born; these 33,882,734 doubtless included most of the children and more than half the women of this country. The other element of the native population comprised 9,593,106 people who had moved from the States of their birth to others. Surely this is a "wandering of the nations" as wonderful as any historian has related. It tends to make the people of one part familiar with other portions of the country, promotes friendships, relationships, ties of business, political harmony and equity, and in a thousand silent ways helps to bind the memories, hopes, affections, and interests of the people together. The columns showing the "net gain" and "net loss" of the several States and Territories serve as indications of the relative attractions and opportunities afforded by them. Seventeen States and one Territory show a net loss of native stock: their native immigration had not equalled their native emigration. New York, though the most populous of the States, contributed native emigrants to other States to such a degree that her net loss of natives was greater than the whole population of any one of fifteen States. Virginia was the next largest net loser of her native stock to the population of other States, but Ohio and Pennsylvania contributed absolutely more than Virginia to the native settlers of other Commonwealths. Kentucky, Tennessee, and North Carolina also contributed heavily to the populations of other States. Among the New England States, Rhode Island had gained slightly, Massachusetts had lost a few thousands, and the others had lost many thousands. Yet, by comparing the column of foreign-born residents in Table 1 with the column of net native loss in this table, we see that in many cases the loss of natives was more than made up by the incoming of foreigners. Thus, New York had 1,211,000 foreigners; Pennsylvania, 587,000; Massachusetts, 443,000; and Connecticut, 130,000.

States and Territories.

TABLE 3, derived from the Census of 1880,1 showing the movement of the native population of the States and Territories and the net gain or loss resulting to each thereby.

33, 882, 734

4,270, 355 4,270, 355 1All the figu es except those in the first column having been computed in the Bureau of Education.

9,593, 106

9,593, 106