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A Description of proper Buits for | lour it with saffron : in winter use the several sorts of FISH referred to in rusty bacon instead of butter. the foregoing Table.

FLIES.

1. Stone-fly, found under hollow stones at the side of rivers, is of a brown colour, with yellow streaks on the back and belly, has large wings, and is in season from April to July.

2. Green-drake, found among stones by river sides, has a yellow body ribbed with green, is long and slender, with wings like a butterfly, his tail turns on his back, and is in season from May to Midsummer.

3. Crumbs of bread chewed or worked with honey (or sugar), moistened with gum-ivy water.

4. Bread chewed, and worked in the hand till stiff.

WORMS.

1. The earth-bob, found in sandy ground after ploughing; it is white with a red head and bigger than a gentle: another is found in healthy ground, with a black or blue head. Keep them in an earthen vessel well covered, and a sufficient quantity of the mould they harbour in. They are excellent from April to November.

3. Oak-fly, found in the body of an old oak or ash, with its head downwards, is of a brown colour, 2. Gentles, to be had from putrid and excellent from May to Sep-flesh: let them lie in wheat bran a tember; for trout, put a codbait few days before used. or gentle on the point, and let it sink a few inches in clear water.

4. Palmer-fiy, or worm, found on leaves or plants, is commonly called a caterpillar, and when it comes to a fly is excellent for trout.

5. Ant-fly, is found in ant-hills

from June to September.

3. Flag-worms, found in the roots of flags, they are of a pale yellow colour, are longer and thinner than a gentle, and must be scoured like them.

4. Cow-dung-bob, or clap-bait, found under cow-dung, from May to Michaelmas; it is like a gentle, but larger. Keep it in its native earth, like the earth-bob.

5. Cadis-worm, or cod-bait, found under loose stones in shallow rivers; they are yellow, bigger than a gen

6. The May-fly is to be found tle, with a black or blue head, and

playing at the river-side, especially against rain.

7. The black-fly is to be found upon every hawthorn, after the buds are come off.

PASTES.

1. Take the blood of sheep's hearts, and mix it with honey and flour worked to a proper consistence.

2. Take old cheese grated, a little butter sufficient to work it, and co

are in season from April to July. Keep them in flannel bags.

6. Lob-worm, found in gardens; it is very large, and has a red head, a streak down the back, and a flat broad tail.

7. Marsh-worms, found in marshy ground: keep them in mud ten days before you use them: their colour is a bluish red, and are a good bait from March to Michaelmas.

8. Brandling red-worms, or bloodworms; found in rotten dunghills and tanner's bark; they are small fish, have sometimes a yellow tail, red-worms, very good for all small and are called tag tail.

FISH AND INSECTS.

1. Minnow; 2. gudgeon; 3. roach;

4. dace; 5. smelts; 6. yellow frog; 7. snail fit; 8. grasshopper. See Baits.

ounce and a half. Mix well together.

FLANKS. The sides of a horse. In a strict sense, the flanks are the extremities of the belly, where the ribs are wanting, and below the loins.

FLEAM, or PHLEME. An instrument used to bleed cattle. A case of fleams, in farriery, comprehends six sorts of instruments; two hooked ones, called drawers, and used for cleaning wounds; a penknife; a sharp-pointed lancet for making incisions, and two fleams, one sharp and the other broad-pointed. The last are somewhat like the point of a lancet, fixed in a flat handle, and no longer than is just necessary to open the vein.

FISTULA OF THE WITHERS, ог WINDING ULCER. The above named injury, although it derives its origin from the severe pressure of the fore part of the saddle, and, if taken in time, would be easily cured, is, from neglect and repeated bruises, extended to a dangerous inflammation of the spinous parts of the joints of the back bone. The result is that an internal abscess is formed, and searches in various directions inwards, until at last it appears on the surface in form of a violent inflamed ulcer. In this advanced stage of the disease a moderate incision must be made Weiss's fleam is not attended to allow the suppurated matter to with danger to the animal, and may pass off. If upon examination the be put into the hands of the inexseat of the disease cannot be dis-perienced. The depth of the incision covered, tents of tow, steeped in is regulated by means of a screw; solution of blue vitrol, must be and the wound is caused by pressure forced into the wound as far as upon a lever. It is a safe instrupossible; and, in about a week, ment, and is in general use. when the coat or core of the pipes or channels has been removed, the probe must be used in order to determine the winding direction of those pipes, and the extremity of the diseased part. When it is found that the pipes are not destroyed, and the seat of the wound is ascertained, if it appears from the feel of the probe that the bare bone is sensible to its touch, in such case the bone should be well scraped, and afterwards a few dressings of Friar's balsam, or tincture of myrrh, will effect a speedy and perfect cure. In some cases, where the caustic application has, in the first instance, destroyed those pipes, any further operation of scraping the bone will be unnecessary, and the wound may be perfectly healed by dressings of Friar's balsam, or tincture of myrrh, and sprinkling a little of the following powder on the part before dressing it every second day: Take white vitriol and burnt alum, of each three drachms; white lead, yellow rosin, bole armoniac, of each one

FLEETS. Wide shallow places of water, generally full of reeds, &c. nearly dry in summer, but overflowed in winter. At particular times snipes abound in the Fleets.

FLETCHER. A manufacturer of bows and arrows.

FLEW NET. The best net for taking fish of very large size, viz. pike, tench, &c. is the flew net, inch and half mesh, and the trammel or walling, twelve inches, to be hung square not diamond-wise. The lint for a few twenty yards long and eight feet deep, should be sixty yards in length and eighteen feet in depth. This proportion will adinit of so much play, that no fish that once touches can extricate itself. In the capture of pike and tench, this instrument will be eminently useful; carp will not readily strike a flew; and eels-unless in small meshed ones that entangle roach, which the eel tries to seize in the net-are seldom taken. The flew must be drawn quietly across the canal-no beating or disturbing

the water, by way of driving the fish. After allowing the net to stand a few hours in one spot, shift it to another. If the water is to be ferretted with a drag net, use two flews, one placed before, the other behind the drag-the latter will be most destructive, as large fish always try to escape the drag, by returning with velocity to the water that has been swept by the drag, through any unevenness of the bottom of the river or canal, that has occasioned the lifting up of its lead line.

N. B. If the lint of the flew is made of silk, although more expensive at first, it will, with care, be cheapest in the end.

FLOAT ANGLING. See angling, and fishing.

FOAL. The offspring of a mare: the male foal is called a colt, the female a filly foal.

FOALING. The act of parturition in the mare,

FODDER. Any kind of meat for horses, or other cattle. In some places, hay and straw mingled together, is peculiarly denominated fodder.

FOGGAGE (in the forest law), is rank grass not eaten up in sum

mer.

FOIL. A hare when she runs the same ground she has run before is said to run the foil.

FOILING (among sportsmen). The footing and treading of a deer, that is on the grass, and scarce visible.

FOOT, of a horse, consists of the hoof or coffer; it is the extremity of the leg, from the coronet to the lower part of the hoof.

FOOT-FAT (in Farriery). A horse is said to have a fat foot, when the hoof is so thin and weak that unless the nails be driven short, he is in danger of being pricked in shoeing.

FOREST. A great wood, or place privileged by royal authority, which differs from a park, warren, or chase; being allotted for

the peaceable abiding of beasts and fowls thereto belonging; for which there are certain peculiar laws, officers, and orders, part of which appear in the great charter of the forest. Its properties are these:

1. A forest truly and strictly taken cannot be in the hands of any but the King, because none else has power to grant a commission to be a justice in eyre.

2. The next property is the courts, as the Justice-seat every three years, the Swainmote three times a year, and the Attachment once every forty days.

3. The third property may be the officers belonging to it, for the preservation of vert and venison; as the justice of the forest, the warder or keeper, the verdurers, the foresters, agistors, regarders, beadles, &c.

The principal court of the forest is the Swainmote, which is no less incident thereto, than a pie-powder to a fair; and if this fails there is nothing of a forest remaining, but it is turned into the nature of a chase.

Forests are of that antiquity in England, that, excepting the Newforest in Hampshire, erected by William the Conqueror, and Hampton-Court by Henry VIII. it is said there is no record which makes any certain mention of their erection, though they are noticed by several writers, and in divers of our laws and statutes. There were 69 forests in England; the four principal are New-forest, Sherwood-forest, Deanforest, and Windsor-forest.

FORESTERS, are appointed by the king's letters patent, and sworn to walk the forest at all hours, and watch over the vert and venison; also to make attachments and true presentments of all trespasses committed within the forest. If a man comes into a forest by night, a forester cannot lawfully beat him before he makes some resistance; but in case such a person resists the forester, he may justify a battery.

And a forester shall not be questioned for killing a trespasser that, after the peace cried to him, will not surrender himself, if it be not done on any former malice; though where trespassers in a forest, &c. kill a person that opposes them, it is murder in all, because they were engaged in an unlawful act, and therefore malice is implied to the person killed.

FORKED HEADS. All deer heads which bear two croches on the top, or that have their croches doubled.

FORKED-TAILS. A name given in some parts of the kingdom to the salmon, in the fourth year of its growth.

FORMICA (in Falconry). A distemper that attacks the horn of a hawk's beak, and is caused by a little worm.

FORMICA. A species of mange that affects the ears of spaniels, and is occasioned by flies.-Tobacco-water removes the annoyance.

FORMS, or SEATS (hunting term) applied to a hare, when she squats in any place.

FOUNDERING IN THE FEET (in Farriery). A disease that af fects the feet of horses from hard work or from heats or colds. It is attended by a numbness in the hoof; the animal is sometimes scarcely able to stand, and when he does, shakes and trembles as in a case of ague.-Mode of cure.-Pare the sole until the quick appears, then bleed it well at every toe, stanching the vein with tallow and resin, and tacking on hollow shoes, stop then with bran, tar, and tallow, boiling

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may also be added bows and arrows, which answered the purpose of guns, before they were invented, and brought to perfection.

The Stalking Horse, originally, was a horse trained for the purpose, and covered with trappings, so as to conceal the sportsman from the game he intended to shoot at. It was particularly useful to the archer, by affording him an opportunity of approaching the birds unseen by them, so near that his arrows might easily reach them; but as this method was frequently inconvenient, and often impracticable, the fowler had recourse to art, and caused a canvass figure to be stuffed, and painted like a horse grazing, but sufficiently light, that it might be moved at pleasure with one hand. These deceptions were also made in the form of oxen, cows, and stags, either for variety, or for conveniency sake. In the inventories of the wardrobes, belonging to king Henry VIII. we frequently find the allowance of certain quantities of stuff for the purpose of making "stalking coats, and stalking horses for the use of his majesty.'

There is also another method of fowling, which (continues Burton) is performed with nets, and in the night time; and the darker the night the better. "This sport we call in England, most commonly bird-batting, and some call it lowbelling; and the use of it is to go with a great light of cressets, or rags of linen dipped in tallow, which will make a good light; and you must have a pan or plate, made like a lanthorn, to carry your light in, which must have a great socket to hold the light, and carry it before you, on your breast, with a bell in your other hand, and of a great bigness, made in the manner of a cow-bell but still larger; and you must ring it always after one order. If you carry the bell, you should have two companions with nets, one on each side of you; and with the noise of the bell, and glare of the

FOWLING-PIECE. See Guns. FOX (Canis Vulpes. Linn.) Is a native of almost every quarter of the globe, and generally allowed to

He

light, the birds will be so amazed, | and of concealing the avenues to it; that when you come near them, they of his own preservation he is most will turn up their bellies: so that vigilant: in cases of danger he makes your companions may then lay their for home, where he lives in a settled nets quietly upon them, and take domestic state. The favourite abode them. But you must continue to of the fox is some thick brake, gering the bell; for if the sound shall nerally of gorse, where he can rest cease, the other birds, if there be secure from surprise, on the skirt any more at hand, will rise up and of a wood, in the vicinity of a farm fly away. This (he adds) is an or village: he listens to the crowing excellent method to catch larks, of the cocks and the cackling of woodcocks, partridges, and all other the poultry, which he scents at a land birds." However excellent distance. Proceeding with caution, this method might have been deemed he seldom returns without booty. at the time, the fowling piece has, Having effected an entry, he puts almost entirely, superseded the use all to death, and then retires with of the bell, net, and stalking horse: his prey, which he either hides in indeed the very term FOWLING, in some convenient spot, or conveys to the sense here intended to be con- his kennel; speedily revisiting the veyed, is become obsolete. The scene of his depredation, he carries reader is referred to articles DECOY, off another supply, which he conBIRD-CATCHING. ceals in the same way. In this manner he proceeds till the peep of day warns him of the necessity of suspending his operations. also visits the nets, &c. placed by bird-catchers, and carries off the birds entangled, depositing them by the road side, in furrows, under brushwood or grass; these he removes as opportunity suits. When pressed by hunger, he will devour roots and insects: foxes near the sea-coast will, other sources failing, eat crabs, shrimps, or shell-fish. In France and Italy, they commit sad havock in the vineyards, by feeding on the grapes, of which they are very fond. The fox, however, renders considerable service to man by the quantities of rats, field-mice, frogs, toads, lizards, and snakes, which he destroys. When deprived of liberty, the fox pines, and actually dies of chagrin. In warm weather he will quit his habitation for the sake of basking in the sun and of enjoying the fresh air; upon these occasions he amuses himself by running in circles in pursuit of his brush, of which he is very proud; in cold weather he wraps it about his nose. In the summer season the fox, and more particularly the female, is very subject to cutaneous

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be not only the most crafty but the most sagacious of all beasts of prey. The fox has a very significant eye, by which it expresses the passions of love, hatred, fear, &c. Although of such a wild nature, that it is impossible fully to tame him, he is remarkably playful and even affectionate; but, like all other savage creatures half reclaimed, will, on the slightest offence, bite those with whom he is most familiar. The sagaciousness of this animal is exemplified by the art he displays in rendering his retreat commodious,

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