This bench is four hundred and ninety-six perches below Elder's mill, on Chest creek. At this place I measured the water, the result of which will hereafter be given. It will be proper here to observe, that this measurement was taken when Litsenger's mill, which is near seven miles higher up on this stream, was stopped; the dam of which at that time, would contain the water above for at least sixty days;-the difference in depth of water when the mill was going, was at the place of measurement observed to be two and a half inches, so that this measurement will be increased in quantity of water when the stream is permitted to flow regularly. From here I returned to the summit and commenced a level line towards the Big Mahoning. The country laying immediately between the summit and that part of the creek at which it is necessary to take out the water, being an entire wilderness without roads, and presenting much difficulty in transporting the necessary supplies for my party, induced me to take the circuitous route, as represented by the level line on my draft, for the advantage of a road. I however travelled over the country with a view of ascertaining its locality, and am of the opinion, that the divide necessary to be passed between Little Mahoning and Canoe creek, cannot be passed at a point nearer the direct course, than that represented on the draft by a benched white oak on the divide, being the height of the summit. I continued my level to Hoover's mill on Big Mahoning, a small distance below Puxatawney; from here I pursued the creek to a short distance above the mouth of Canoe creek, finding that above this; I would have much difficulty in pursuing the creek, owing to the frequent stoppages by drift and beds of laurel surrounding the stream and knowing from my former survey nearly the point at which I must arrive, I left the stream and pursued the course represented by the level line on my draft, until I arrived at the height of the summit, on the east branch of said creek, at which place I found the water so trifling as not to be worth measuring. Having thus ascertained all the facts relating to water that can be brought in aid of this summit, I with my party returned home. The measurement of Chest creek resulted as follows: 10 6-10. Producing as I have calculated it, two hundred and forty-eight cubic feet per minute. Estimating the three branches of Black Lick, to produce double that quantity; a supposition which I am inclined to think is not too great. My opinion, however, on this subject is founded, 1st from the appearance of the streams at the junction of the North and Beaula branches, before the rains had fallen, that afterwards raised the waters; and 2d from arriving at the height of the summit on the Beaula branch, the evening before the rain commenced, the streams at that time were thought to be at their lowest stage. This was on Saturday evening; when I returned on Monday morning, they had rose upwards of two feet. Upon this supposition, the sum total of the water produced by the Black Licks and the Chest, will be seven hundred and forty-four cubic feet per minute, and would fill a Lock of ten feet lift, eighty by nine feet, six times in an hour. The measurement of the Susquehanna branches, which you have in my report of 1825, are so small, that perhaps they are not worth taking into the calculation especially when we consider the expense at which they are to be got. I would here observe, that about the first of November, I returned to the Black Lick, in company with Mr. Whippo, the engineer detailed by the board for the examination of that route, and again found the streams too high to admit of a correct measurement. I am therefore compelled to relinquish all hope of being able this season to give any further estimate of these waters. I would further observe that an increase of water could be obtained, by erecting dams in the different streams Giving eight hundred and twenty-four lock fulls, in addition to the before mentioned quantity of water. The summit level may be sunk forty-eight feet in the centre, terminating at the surface each way at one hundred and fifty perches; by giving the excavation for the reservoir a direction best suited to the ground, it can at a reasonable expense be extended to any size that may be deemed necessary. I am aware that objections may be made to the size of the proposed lock. I merely suggest the propriety of building locks, that will afford the greatest advantages to be had from a certan limited quantity of water, and leave you to judge whether or not this quantity under any circumstances will warrant the improvement. No actual location of a canal has been made from this summit, to enable me to give a correct statement, as to the distance at which an additional supply of water could be had. At the junction of the Susquehanna and the Cushing, on the east side, and distant about four miles from the summit, with a lockage of two hundred and fifty-seven feet, a small supply can be had, say at the lowest stage of water, about one hundred and fifty cubic feet per minute. On the west side about three miles from the summit, with a little more than a hundred and fifty feet lockage to below the forks of Two-lick, will afford about the same quantity. Those streams last mentioned, three months out of the eight that the canal would be navigable in the year, would of themselves be sufficient to supply a canal. Upon this system of pipeing it may be proper to observe that there are in many places, convenient to the line, the appearance of an abundance of iron ore, with convenient streams sufficient for blast furnaces. From this circumstance I have no doubt but contracts for the delivery of iron pipes could be had at a very low price. I would estimate the cost of pipes at one dollar and fifty cents per foot when laid, which would be seven thousand nine hundred and twenty dollars per mile. The length of Feeder Pipes necessary. Chest creek feeder Black Lick up the north branch Beaula branch Elk branch Whole distance 34 miles 31 4 153 perch 1 34 Making the whole expense of pipes five hundred and fifty-nine thousand and seventy two dollars. Would not this be less expense than a tunnel of two miles? If then there should be water sufficient, the question arises, to what expense will we go to effect an entire water communication. If there should not be water sufficient, the next stream we turn our attention to, is the Conemaugh; the distance from where this feeder would unite with the present proposed line of pipes, and near the marked white oak on Black Lick, to a place on the Connemaugh, called the Cedar Rock, is four miles, and one hundred and five perches; from that rock to the place necessary and proper to take out the water, the distance can be ascertained from the levels and surveys already made on that stream; say from the connected map made by Mr, Strickland in 1825. I will here observe that if the depression from the summit line, as given in my profile, should be considered too great, requiring too much strength of pipe, there will be no difficulty other than increase of distance in lessening it. From the general character of the topography of this part of our country, in which two of our greatest rivers have their sources, the mind is at once satisfied that we have in Pennsylvania the most elevated ground perhaps in the United States, to contend with; and the circumstance of the west branch of the Susquehanna passing through the great barrier and rising not only west of the Allegheny mountain, but the Laurel Hill and Chesnut Ridge, points out to us the only route by which we can effect a water communication to connect those rivers. In this elevated part of our country, in which numerous streams have their source, they must necessarily be small and their descent rapid, each presenting a deep ravine. This being the fact, presents great difficulties in bringing to any one point on the divide, a sufficiency of water to effect an object in view. Having for many years had an opportunity of forming a correct judgment in relation to this fact, I hesitate not to say that unless the system of pipeing is adopted, no summit on that divide will ever in Pennsylvania be supplied with water sufficient to warrant an improvement of so much expense, and if iron pipes are adopted to the extent that is practicable. I hesitate not to say that a perfect and complete water communication can be obtained. The Cushing summit, and a small space of country around it, is evidently the lowest we have in Pennsylvania without a tunnel. The canal from this summit will pass westwardly down the Two Lick and Black Lick, and intersect the canal at the junction of the latter with the Conemaugh, two miles below where the law now terminates on that stream; how far the interference of these two improvements might make for or against the best interests of the state, I am at present not prepared to say. But for the sake of having one entire water communication; I will suggest the propriety of extending the rail road necessary to connect with the Juniata to a point at or near the junction of Black Lick and Conemaugh. Feeling an interest as great as any other man in the prosperity of our country, and being sensible of the fact, that to promote that object, much depends on a well regulated system of internal improvement by canals, yet at this time I feel it my duty to state, that without the adoption of iron pipes, any further explorations with a view to a connection of the eastern and western waters, must result in fruitless expense. The object of this survey being mainly to ascertain the practicability of supplying a summit level with water, and I having adopted iron pipes to effect that object, precludes the necessity of my making any particular observations as to timber, soil or materials for the construction of works. The pipes only requiring an excavation of two and a half or three feet. All of which is respectfully submited. Signed, No. 5. J. MITCHELL. Additional Report from John Mitchell, esq. Washington, 4th Dec. 1827. Dear Sir,-Since the delivery of my report to the Canal Commissioners, from reflecting on the subject of iron pipes, I am induced to believe that I may have made the estimate of expense too low. The only data I had, upon which to found my estimate, was the cost of a ten inch pipe made in Baltimore, the expense of which is there, one dollar and ninety-five cents per foot; my estimate was made in part, upon the ground that this pipe was furnished by an air furnace, and made from pig; and part from my own knowledge and experience in the manufacturing of this kind of metal from the ore. A sufficient quantity of pig metal to make a ton of pipes, will in Baltimore, cost not less than forty dollars, where a 165 sufficient quantity of bog-ore used in a blast furnace, constructed at the proposed banks near the fine of pipes to make the same weight of metal, will not cost more than seven dollars and fifty cents; upon this hypothesis, I presumed the price stated might have been sufficient, but reflecting that the Baltimore pipe is perhaps not of sufficient size, strength or weight to furnish the mean weight of that which in this case would be necessary; I am induced to make this further communication on that subject. The Baltimore pipe weighs twenty-four pounds to the foot, $1 50, is $40 50 perton. Judge M'Kinney of Centre county, under a contract with the government, has delivered at this place (Washington) three hundred tons of Kentlege, at forty dollars per ton, and with a reasonable profit to himself; this Kentlege is also flasked, where cast; I am aware that the pipe is more expensive to cast than the Kentlege, but the difference does not exist in furnishing the metal, but mainly in the charge of the moulder, this difference is put against the carriage of the Kentlege over two hundred miles, and the profit to the manufacturer; I would further observe, that upon the principle that the state will under the direction of salary managers, erect the furnaces, the advantages arising from the contiguity of materials, as also from the low price of labor and provisions in the western country the article can be furnished at a price vastly below any estimates that may consistently be drawn from the Baltimore and Philadelphia prices. As this subject of pipeing is new, and we cannot from actual experience in this particular case, be furnished with any correct data, upon which to make our calculations, either as to the cost, or even size of the article, I therefore hope that any difference of opinion which may arise on this subject, will not be considered on either side, as marks of favour, or hostility to the measure. I would respectfully draw the attention of the Engineer Mr. Whippo, to the subject, as relates to the size of the pipe necessary to carry the water measured in Chest creek, as also the difference between the quantity of water vented through a close pipe, and that through an open trunk of the same capacity, allowing the same descent in both cases. I have to request the favour of you, to have the above added to my report when published. I have the honour to be respectfully, No. 6. JOHN MITCHELL. Having performed the second duty assigned me, I proceeded to the third, of which the following detailed instructions from Mr. M'Ilvaine will give a full and perfect view. Sir, By an act of the last session of our legislature, the Canal Commissioners were directed "to cause further examinations to be made with a view of ascertaining the practicability and cost, of an entire navigable communication, between the Susquehanna and Allegheny ri vers." Shortly after the law was passed, several gentlemen of the legislature, who felt themselves particularly interested, addressed a letter to the board, in which they suggested the mode of prosecuting these inquiries, which seemed to them most economical and effective. In compliance with such suggestion, Messrs- Wm. Wilson and John Mitchell were dispatched with a competent party and with instructions to examine every possible point of connection between the eastern and western waters, which had not been previously explored. These instructions have been faithfully executed, and it only remains, in order to complete the plan adopted, that a professional engineer of known skill and experience, shall view the summits which the examinations already made have shown to be the most favourable, and report to the board his opinion on the subject. The commissioners having assigned to you this interesting duty, you will proceed with Messrs. Wilson and Mitchell as early as possible, to the several points which they shall represent to be worthy of your attention. These points are as I understand but two in number, namely; one surveyed by Mr. Wilson, at the head of Bennet's branch, and the other by Mr. Mitchell, near the head of the west branch of the Susquehanna. It is believed that these gentlemen have taken the levels and made the measurements of water with such care as that after viewing the ground you may safely rely upon their notes as the basis of your opinion. If however you find any thing of importance has been omitted, you will cause the deficiency to be supplied by additional examinations, with the least possible delay. The single question submitted to you for decision is, whether at either of the points which you are about to visit, a permanent navigable communication, sufficiently supplied with water to answer the purposes of an active and valuable trade, be practicable or not. So far as the previous examinations, and the local knowledge of Messrs. Wilson and Mitchell, throw light upon this question you will use them freely. And you will take care to collect for yourself such further materials as you may deem necessary. It is the wish of the board to arrive at certainty, upon a subject which has agitated and divided the public mind, and they will expect from you a detailed report, giving such reasons for your opinion as will be satisfactory to all who take an interest on the subject. The notes of Messrs. Wilson and Mitchell will of course be at your service. They will exhibit to you also the instructions under which they acted, and give you such other assistance and information as you may require. In conclusion allow me to remark, that the accomplishment of a complete water communication between the eastern and western waters, is a subject of intense interest to this commonwealth, and would materially enhance the value of our projected improvements. It is hoped therefore that no expedient that can lead to success, will escape your attention; upon your zeal, activity and competence, the utmost reliance is placed. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Signed JOS. M'ILVAINE. CHAS. T. WHIPPO, Esq. Pennsylvania Canal Office, Oct. 14. 1827. In pursuance of these instructions, I proceeded to Curvinsville on the Susquehanna River, where I met Messrs. Wilson and Mitchell, and on the morning of the 29th of October, after having made the necessary arrangements, we proceeded to the summit lying betwixt the Sandy Lick and the Sinnemahoning. This summit is five miles and sixty chains long, and the amount of water which can be brought upon it is 424 cubic feet per minute, which will be supplied by the following streams, viz. Summit creek, Fall creek, South-east or Luther's branch, Rattlesnake run, Fourteen mile run, Whetstone run and Beaver run. Below this summit on the west side passing down the Sinnemahoning four miles, an additional supply will be obtained equal to 59 cubic feet per minute. On the other side, following the Sandy Lick four miles and sixty three chains, 50 cubic feet per minute will be obtained. Thus the whole quantity of water which will be supplied by streams is 533 cubic feet per minute, and the whole length of the canal to which this quantity is applicable, is fourteen miles and forty-three chains. We therefore perceive that allowing the requisite quantity here for evaporation and filtration to be equal to that upon other canals: viz. 50 cubic feet per minute for each mile, that these two items would amount to 722 cubic feet per minute, which exceeds that of the above mentioned supply, by 189 cubic feet per minute. To compensate for this deficiency and to obtain a supply for the locks, it is proposed by Mr. Wilson to construct an extensive reservoir in the valley of Sandy Lick. It is to cover 250 acres, and its surface is to have an elevation above the surface of the canal of four feet, so that the whole of its contents to that depth in case of necessity, may be used. This reservoir allowing it to average four feet deep, would contain fortythree millions five hundred and sixty thousand cubic feet of water, equal to 252 cubic feet per minute for a period of four months. From this, if we take the above mentioned deficiency of 189 cubic feet, there remains only 63 cubic feet for the supply of the locks, a quantity so palpably inadequate, that it is unnecessary to say more on the subject. Before proceeding to the detail of my examinations on the summit, lying betwixt the Cushing and the Two Lick, it may be proper to make some remarks on the expense of iron pipes, through which water must be conveyed to supply it. In order that I might be enabled to speak with some confidence on this subject, I obtained an introduction through Mr. M'Ilvaine, to Mr. Frederick Graff, superintendant of the water works at Philadelphia, who probably possesses more practical information on this subject than any other man in the state, or perhaps in the union. This gentleman very obligingly answered all the enqui ries which I had to make, and also furnished me with a report of the watering committee, for the year 1818. This with the subsequent reports up to 1824, which were furnished me by Mr. M'Ilvaine, contain all that is most interesting on the subject of cast iron pipes. They furnish tables of pipes of different sizes and length, their weight, capacity and expense, and as these are all deduced from experience, founded upon the best theories of some of the ablest and most scientific men, we cannot for a moment doubt their accuracy. Availing myself of these advantages, and aided by the valuable collections in Rees' Encyclopædia on this subject, I am in hopes to give such a view of it, at least so far as relates to the expense, as to satisfy the minds of all who may be interested. Mr. Mitchell in running his feeder lines, has made no calculation for descent, and the only way that can be ob tained, is by cutting down the summit, which he informs us can be done to the extent of forty-eight feet. This however, will be extremely expensive, but as the object is great, it would not perhaps, be considered an insuperable objection, and we will therefore take for granted, that a descent of fifty feet in this way, and by means of dams at the heads of the feeders, might be obtained. Now having given the descent and the quantity of water per minute, the question arises, “how large must the diameter of the pipe be?" In this calculation, a large allowance must be made for the friction on the inside of the tube: and the bore of the tube must be greater, in proportion to this friction. This will be verified by an experiment made by Desagulier's, on a leaden pipe, whose inward diameter was 1 inches. In this experiment, he found at fourteen hundred yards distance from the spring that supplied it, it did not give a tenth part of the water that it would have given, at 30 yards from the spring. A great many ingenious experiments have been made by men of science, for the purpose of establishing a theory, by which this friction could be accurately calcu lated. Amongst those who have given much attention to this subject, are Eytelwein, M. Du Bual, Dr. Young and Smeaton. These men by long continued application have succeeded in framing rules reduced to mathematical certainty, and applicable to all occasions, so that we are no longer in doubt on this subject; In my calculations in the case in question, I have used the for mula of Dr. Young as laid down in Rees' Cyclopædia, under the article water. By this formula, I find that the tube for the Chest creek feeder which is 34 miles long, allowing it to le straight on a regular inclined plane, must be twenty-five inches in diameter, but should the pipe conform to the shape of the country, as it undoubtedly must, making great angles of ascent and descent, its capacity would be very materially lessened, but how much cannot at this time be stated, for the want of a more minute knowledge of the country. In conversation with Mr. Graff on this subject, he gave it as his opinion, judging from his own experience, that if the country was very rough, the consequent increased friction would be equal to a large portion of the water which the pipe was intended to discharge. To make a proportionate allowance in the size of the pipe, it is evident, would swell the expense to such an amount as entirely to defeat the object. I will therefore adopt my calculations to a more favourable route, hoping that such can be found, and suppose that two additional inches only to the tube, will give it a capacity equal to all contingencies. The next subject of inquiry, is as to the thickness of the tube. This will depend in a great measure, on the weight which it is to sustain, and this will be greater or less, in proportion to the head of water. Knowing very nearly the strength of cast iron and the weight of water we might calculate pretty satisfactorily what would be required upon this subject, I shall be better satisfied to take the opinion of Mr. Graff. He says that these tubes will require to be at least three quarters of an inch thick on an average. Some may be less, but where the pipe is laid much below the head, they must be proportionably thicker. With this thickness, the superficial cross section of iron in the twenty-seven inch pipe, will be equal to 65.4 inches, which being multiplied into the whole number of inches in 34 miles gives 140,387,296 cubic inches, which allowing 36 cubic inch. to be equal to ten pounds weight, is equal to 39,123,392 lbs. or 17,462 tons. The other tube for bringing down the branches of Black Lick, making all the calculations as above, must be 36 inches in diameter, including the allowance for increased friction. This allowance, as in the other case, has been predicated upon a hope that a more favourable route can be found, than from the statements of Mr. Mitchell we could reasonably expect. The tube being also of an inch thick and 36 miles long, will contain 54,869,760 lbs. equal to 24,495 tons. 167 here, and we should swell the estimate to very near five millions of dollars. These calculations have led to a result totally different from what I had expected, producing an item of expense so serious and so formidable that it would seem almost entirely to settle the question as to the practicability of the route. But if it should still be said, that to make this improvement is of such intense importance that the state would be willing to forego any considerations of expense in order to effect it, it then becomes necessary to go a little further and enquire whether, after all, there is any well grounded hope of its answering the desired object. This depends principally upon the supply of water on the summit level, and this supply Mr. Mitchell informs us is equal to 744 cubic feet per minute. The length of the canal to which this is applicable is seven miles, upon which after using the requisite quantity for evaporation and filtration, viz. fifty cubic feet per minute for each mile, there remains only three hundred and ninety-four cubic feet per minute for the use of the locks. This with locks of ten feet lift, and equal in other respects to those of the Pennsylvania canal, would be sufficient to pass twenty-one boats over the summit every twenty-four hours. This is the most favourable view that can be taken of this subject. The above is respectfully submitted. Signed by CHARLES T. WHIPPO, Engineer. Philadelphia, Dec. 14, 1827. TESTIMONY RESPECTING MANUFACTURES. COTTON FACTORIES. In our two last numbers we published abstracts of the evidence relating to wool and woollen goods: the present concludes the evidence on cotton, iron, glass, sail cloth, paper, &c. With much more expense of time and labour than persons generally would suppose from the result, would be required, we have endeavoured to exOur estimates may be made by the ton or by the foot.hibit the material facts, to be collected from the examiIn conversation with Mr. Samuel Richards on this sub-nation; and furnish a basis for calculations which may be ject, who is extensively engaged in iron works, and who useful, either to those who propose to engage in manuhas the contract for furnishing castings for the city works, factures, or who may be disposed to arrive at concluhe assures me, that sixty dollars per ton, is a fair price sions on either side of the present question from the facts for tubes of the above size and description. Making the estimate in this way then, viz. 41,956 tons at sixty disclosed under oath by the witnesses summoned before dollars per ton amounts to two millions five hundred se- the committee of Congress. venteen thousand three hundred and sixty dollars. But this does not include the interlaps or the expense of laying. As there are items which cannot at this time be Mr. Dexter is concerned in "Oneida Manufacturing very conveniently estimated, it would be more satisfac- Society," "Utica Cotton M. Co:" and "Whitestown tory to be governed by the prices which have been es- Cotton and Woollen Manufacturing Company." This tablished by experience. In the city of Philadelphia, last makes fine cotton cloths, No. 32, and no woollen Mr. Graff informs me, that twenty inch pipe has cost goods; the others make No. 14 and 15. Capital of the when laid, seven dollars forty-two cents per foot run, Oneida Company in 1813 or 1814, $88,000; paid a very the pipes alone cost five dollars per foot. But the pipes good interest till 1815; no dividends for two or three in question being much larger would cost more. He years afterwards; during that time the stock fell from mentions a piece of pipe twenty-four inches in diame- $50 to 15, (present price) for $22 paid in. Dividends ter, and seven miles long near the city of New-York, for last two or three years at rate of 10 p. c. per annum, which was estimated to cost eleven dollars per foot when and last half year of 13 per cent.; uses principally Georlaid, and he thinks the materials and the work could have gia upland cotton; thinks there is but one factory that been obtained as cheap there, as in the city of Philadel- uses Sea Island cotton; viz. "York Mills," in his district. phia. This is more directly applicable to the case in Mr. Bakewell states, there is one very extensive cotton question, on account of the similarity of size. Mr. Mit-factory at Pittsburgh, makes coarse cottons, such as chell says an abundance of iron ore can be found in the twist, shirtings, sheetings, &c.; proprietor says he cannot vicinity of these feeder lines, and believes on this ac- make fine for want of protection: two others in contemcount castings might be obtained very reasonable. We plation. will therefore suppose, although the greater portion of the pipe in question, is a foot larger than that for which the above estimate was made, that with this advantage these pipes may be furnished and laid with the same expense. The estimate being made in this way, viz.369,600 feet at 11 dls. per foot run, amounts to $4,065,600, and if to this item we add that of cutting down the summit level, to say nothing of the great amount of lockage Joseph Marshall, of Hudson, N. Y. has been engaged for 30 years prior to last August, in Manchester, England, and now is interested in four factories; viz. one at Troy, makes calicoes for shirting and printing, in equal proportions, one at Whitestown, makes only shirtings; and one near, the last, called York Mills, makes shirtings and cambric muslins; 4th, near Hudson, does nothing but bleach and print cloths made at his and other factories: land; independently of propelling power. There they work by steam, and in this country we work by water, the first cost of which with water privilege is about the same. Difference of Expense of Printing same patterns and qualities of Cloth in the two countries. he uses principally New Orleans and Alabama cotton; consumes about 1000 bales annually, which usually costs at the factory 11 to 14 cents, including one cent per lb. freight and other charges from N. Orleans and Mobile to factory; at York Mills spins from No. 32 to 50; at Whitestown mostly No. 22; at Troy No. 35. The finest they weave is No. 50, which is made into cambric muslin. That which he prints is called the 1200 reed, and is made Marshall.-One-third higher here than in England, of No. 35 exclusively; but purchases and prints from No. owing to difference of price of labour, fuel, drugs, and 12 to 40, none higher. The proportion that he prints to wages. The fuel which costs $27 in Manchester, will the quantity he manufactures is very small; at Whites-cost in Hudson 120 to do the same business. The 112 town he makes 2000 yards per week, at Troy 3000 pounds of coal in Manchester costs ten cents; oak wood yards, at York Mills 7000 yards; and prints from all only in Hudson is four dollars cord. about 1400 yds. per week. What he makes at Whitestown, (mostly No. 22), commands 12 cents in the grey or unbleached state; at York Mills (32 to 50), all is bleached before sale, and brings 22 cents; the cambric muslins have not yet been brought into market: cotton shirtings made at Troy, of No. 35, are bleached and sold at 19 cents; that which is intended for printing is worth, before it is bleached, (No. 35), 12 cents. He purchases about 16000 yards unbleached, weekly, for bleaching and printing, at 6 to 14 cents, which afterwards sells from 11 to 30 cents. He knows of 6 printing establishments, each of which prints more than he does, and many smaller ones, but none that spins so fine. He has used Santee cotton (called Sea Island) a short time in warp, but finds the New Orleans to answer quite as well, and much cheaper. John Siddal, of Wilmington, Del. has been intimately acquainted with spinning and weaving cotton, for nearly 40 years; spun from 1814 to 1823, No. 24 to 30, and wove fine numbers for printing; since then spins from No. 5 to 10; does not weave, but sells the yarn; uses Georgia upland; price of late has generally been 10 to 114 cents, including bagging and rope; at this time spins nothing higher than No. 10; prices, No. 5 to 9, 22 to 23 cents, No. 10, 22 to 234, less commissions, &c.; capital, about 5000 dollars, all in machinery; produces annually about 80,000 pounds yarn; employs about forty hands, of various ages and sexes. Mr. Tufts says, There is Machinery in Mtts. which can manufacture Sea Islands: they have spun as high as No. 70, and is told can spin finer. There is a small establishment in his neighbourhood which uses Sea Islands only, and makes thread entirely; understands from the owner he has done a very fair business; a very large thread manufactory is now erecting there also. Cost of Yarn. Mr. Siddall says the price of the raw material, expense of spinning, waste, &c. makes it cost 19 to 20 cts. per pound. Difference of price at which the English manafacturer can afford his fine and printed cottons in the English and American warkets? Mr. Marshall. English manufacturers can afford fine printed, or other cottons for the American market for one-third less than the American manufacturer. It costs the English manufacturer fifty per cent. in the English market to get printed cottons into the American market; on cotton of one yard wide, made of No. 35 yarn, and in the 1200 reed the operative duty is at this time just 70 per cent. on the cost in England; other charges of insurance, being commissions, freight, exchange, &c. is 25 per cent: he speaks of cloth that would cost in England about 94 cents per yard. Having been a large exporter from Manchester, he is enabled to state this with accuracy. Difference of Expense to a proprietor of a factory between manufacturing the same qualities of cotton in the United States and in England. Mr. Marshall.-The buildings can be put up for about the same in Hudson as in England, and ten per cent. cheaper in Whitestown. The machinery altogether will cost nearly double in this country of what it will in Eng per It is difficult to ascertain the difference in labour, owing to the variety of it, but generally, manufacturing labour is lower in England than here. Why can Manufacturers now sell cottons so much lower than formerly? Because of improved machinery, price of cotton, and increase of skill. Can Cotton be packed in bagging made of Cotton, and transported to England in good order? Marshall says it can as well as in hemp or flaxen, and will command more in the market, particularly in square bales, because the bag can be applied to a valuable purpose, and because as 4 lbs. per 100 wt. are allowed for tare, and as cotton weighs less than hemp, the purchasers will give the preference to that packed in cotton. It is worked up into coarse cotton and sold for half price, and also can be used for making paper, for which the hemp is usually applied. He does not think, if there were here no duty, or a small one on this kind of bagging made in England, that it would be made there to any extent, and thereby increase the consumption of cotton, as the profit would not pay for the labour; but it may be manufactured in the U. S. to great advantage 42 inches wide, and sold at 14 cts. and occasion a great consumption of raw material. Duty. It is generally believed that the present duty on coarse cottons not printed, is sufficient to enable the manufacturers to do a fair business, and that they are now doing a good business, and that a minimum duty on fine cottons manufacturer of printed cottons to compete with the would produce the same results; and that to enable the English, a further duty is necessary. Mr. Marshall thinks of 2 cents per running yard, which would be equivalent to an advalorem duty of 10 per cent. and Mr. Siddall thinks duty necessary on finer cottons, and should extend to grey or brown, as well as coloured or printed of every description, or otherwise they will be imported in the brown or white state, and printed or dyed in this |