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house, the distance is 136 chains, and the rate of graduation per mile is 7.36 feet ascending. Leaving Weaver's house to the north, the line of road will pass over favourable ground, through the farms of Mr. Porter and Abram Reese, then following a northwest direction, and crossing the old Lancaster road, a short distance west of the Bird-in-hand tavern, it goes through the orchard of J. Conrad, and strikes Mill creek at the breast of the dam of Daniel's mill-pond.

Section 4, The distance from Weaver's lane to this point, is 284 chains, and rate 13.84 feet descending. The position here is exceedingly favourable for a bridge. On both sides the limestone is upon the surface, but the bluff upon the west side at Gibbin's is more precipitous than that upon the east; the height of the bridge here will be 32 feet, and its length of platform 50 feet. Leaving the Mill creek at Samuel Gibbon's bluff, the line is traced along the south side of the ravine leading to Jesse Guilbert's farm; from thence to the Smoketown road, which is the summit of the ridge dividing the waters of Mill creek from the Conestoga river.

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vines, the others that the line crossed were of moderate breadth and depth.

Section 10, Containing the level from Sharp's and crossing the head of Brubacker's run, the line was then traced along the gentle slope bank of that run to a favourable point on a bluff of Little Conestoga creek above Kinsley's oil mill, where the creek is crossed with a bridge 402 feet in length and 24 in height. The distance from Sharp's to the bridge is 145 chains and the descent at 8.4 feet per mile. Considering it expedient to examine two routes from Lancaster to the Susquehanna, and as the limited time for this survey would not permit us to survey both with the instruments then in use; after obtaining an additional one and organizing another party, I proceeded with the level myself and traced a route in the direction of Columbia. At the same time Mr. Haines continued the line from the west bank of the Little Conestoga creek, along the north edge of Kauffman's run, towards Mount Joy, and thence to the Susquehanna, a general description of which, taken from the level book, will be given in the sequel to this report.

At the termination of the second station from Little

Section 5, The distance of this is 84 chains, and by cutting the summit at Guilbert's 9.28 feet, the ascending gradation will be 18.08 feet per mile, graduating from Conestoga to the Mount Joy route, the level was carried this summit an easy descent along the head branches of across Kauffman's run and Harrisburg turnpike, to the Landis's run, through the lands of Kirk, Hare, Buck-east of the Buck tavern on sloping ground to a point walter and Landis, intersecting the Horse-Shoe road. opposite Reigart's mill, and from which the ground is The section terminates at the distance of 186 chains in a of Swar's run, continuing on the north margin of Swar's favourable to cross the Little Connestoga creek, north lane, between Landis's and Beckerman's houses, and the line is united with our level picket in the lane at descends at the rate of 7.18 feet per mile.

Section 6, The graduation of the next section to the point from whence we must cross Conestoga river, is at one maximum rate. If from the summit near Guilbert's the line had taken the north side of Landis' run, a much less expensive bridge across the Conestoga would have been obtained at the bluff above the junction of that run with the river. But the continuation of the line westward from the Conestoga would have passed over the ridge, dividing the western Landis' run from Brubacker's about 3 miles north of Lancaster, increasing the distance of the road and rendering the descending graduation towards Little Conestoga, beyond the limits of this survey. Returning to our level pickets in the lane near Beckerman's, the line winds to avoid inequalities of ground through Landis' woods, and perforating a ridge 8 or 9 feet high and 10 chains base, keeping the gentle sloping ground as far as Demuth's mill, it then follows the summit of the ridge, south of J. Landis' house and reaches a point nearly opposite to the precipitous bluff at Mr. Hall's mansion.

Section 7, From this point the bridge will keep the descending ridge for 840 feet, with a mean height of 12 feet and thence crossing the stream to the opposite rocky bluff, in the distance of 534 feet, with a height of 494 feet. The distance of this last section is 146 chains to the commencement of the bridge, and the descending graduation 27 feet per mile.

Section 8, From the Conestoga bridge the line is traced along the gentle sloping ground of Hardwick's run, passes south of Hall's residence, crosses the New Holland turnpike to the north of E. Colman's and enters the northeast corner of the city of Lancaster, thence it crosses the Reading road at Stambach's, and terminates in a lane leading to D. Mayer's house, the summit of the ridge between Hardwick's and Swar's runs, must be cut down794 ft and the ascending graduation will then be21.12 feet per mile and the length of the section 136 chains, thence following nearly the direction of the lane through the farms of M. and D. Mayer's, and passing the residence of S.Sheffer on the Manheim road which we leave upon our right, we reach our level picket in a lane near the residence of J. Sharp. The length of this section is 123 chains, and the rise only 87-100ths feet, or nearly level.

Section 9. From the summit on the Mine ridge to the level picket at Sharp's, with the exception of 3 or 4 ra

Sharp's.

Section 11, The height of the bluff upon the west side of the creek, was considered sufficiently high for a 27 feet bridge, and the distance from the level picket at Sharp's to the creek is 120 chains (estimated by protraction) and the graduated descent 18.16 feet per mile, and to the picket west of Reigart's mill the distance is 80 chains, (estimated by protraction) and the ascent 27.33.

several ravines at the head of Brubaker's run, are avoidBy crossing the Conestoga opposite Reigart's mill, ed, which would require heavy embankment. Upon a future examination, it would be advisable to cross the creek below Swar's in the direction of Hempfield, and if found practicable, the line of rail way to the river, would then be shorter than the distance by the turnpike to Columbia.

Section 12, Returning to our level picket at the termination of the last section, the line pursues a southernly course through Jacob Mayer's farm, then east of Hempfield crossing the Marietta turnpike, then west crossing a narrow branch at Jonathan Leaman's, and terminating the section in Habacker's field.

Section 13, At Jacob Mayer's there will be some embankment, and north of that a small cut in a narrow ridge. The ascending graduation per mile in this section, is 16.08 feet and the distance 213 chains.

Section 14, From Habacher's the line crosses the Columbia turnpike, near Peltz's tavern, and runs westwardly to a ridge north of Senner's house. The distance is 98 chains, and the ascending graduation per mile is 18 feet. The ridge north of Senner's must be cut 13 feet, at a base of 30 chains.

Section 15, Leaving the ridge at Senners, the level is carried a short distance north of Kauffman's house, then it passes over gentle sideling ground, and after crossing Hershey's mill pond at the breast of the dam, the section terminates north of his house; the distance is 66 chains and the ascending rate per mile is 5.19 feet; on this section the bridge at Hershey's is about 38 feet high and 294 in length.

Section 16, From the level picket at Hershey's, the line is traced over favourable ground to a ridge in Jacob Seitz's woods, dividing the waters of the west branch of little Conestoga from Strickler's run; distance 88 chains and ascending graduation 16.16 feet to the mile. This summit must be cut 7.59 feet

Section 17, From Seitz's the line descends along gentle sideling ground for 89 chains, at the rate of 13.68 ft. per mile, and this section terminates at a point south of Backman's mill, and about 16 or 17 chains east of Millinger's ravine. The level from this point was carried along the face of the side hill to the termination at the river, a few yards below Strickler's mill.

Section 18, It is proposed to place near the position east of Millinger's ravine, a stationary steam engine and to descend 130 feet by an inclined plane to the meadow of Strickler's run, from thence to the river bank, the distance is 150 chains, and descending gradually 18 feet per mile along its margin to Columbia the ascent is very gradual.

The whole line from Lancaster to Columbia, presents fewer difficulties in its course than any other portion of the same extent, from the Susquehanna to Philadelphia. From Columbia it is proposed to extend the line along the margin of the river, passing through Marietta to Bainbridge, and terminating it at Hopkin's dam 4 miles below Swatara. On this route excepting about ths of a mile around the base of Chickey's rock and the same extent between the mouth of Conoy creek and Bainbridge, the ground is exceedingly favourable.

Section 19, The graduation can be regulated at a rate not exceeding 3 feet per mile, and the bridge across Conoy and Chickesalunga creeks, will not together amount to more than 100 feet in extent. The distance

from Strickler's to Hopkins 15 miles, should it be deemed necessary to avoid a fixed steam engine at Millerger's, another line may be explored to the north of Columbia, The ground over which it will pass appears favourable, In descending the river from the mouth of Chickesalunga creek by raising very gradually along the base of the abovementioned rock until it is cleared, then continuing along the foot of the slope of Chesnut ridge you gain a ravine, the summit of which immediately north of Mount Pleasant village. Cutting through this ridge and continuing the line along another ravine, it finally unites with the level picket, in Habaker's field. I now proceed to state generally the character of the ground, on the above line explored by Mr. Hains towards Mount Joy, and thence to Hopkin's dam on the Susquehanna river, as taken from his level book. From the level picket on the west bank of little Conestoga creek, above Kinsley's oil mill, along the north margin of Kauffman's run to the summit near Kauffman's lane, which divides the waters of the little Conestoga and Chickesalunga creeks, the distance is 4 miles 27 chains. By reducing this summit 12 feet at a base of 30 chains the ascending graduation per mile 16.10 feet. The line on this section passes over several small runs and some considerable ravines.

From the summit at Kauffman's to the east bank of big Chickesalunga creek, following the north margin of Hershey's run and Muddy creek, the distance is 2 miles 54 chains, and descending graduation 16.25 feet per mile: this section is rough; Bridge across Chickesalunga 48,45 feet high above Greider's mill.

The next section ascends to the ridge dividing the waters of big and little Chickesalunga creeks, reducing the summit 12 feet at a base of 25 chains. The graduation will be 10.82 feet per mile, and distance 1 mile 12 chains,

Descending from the latter summit to little Chickesalunga creek near Neissley's ford, the creek is crossed with a bridge 52 1-3 feet high. The length of the section is 64,4 chains, and graduated descent 15.40 per mile.

From the west bank of little Chickesalunga to the summit of the ridge dividing from Share's run, the distance is 1 mile 26 chains, and reducing the ridge 8 feet at a base of 15 chains the graduated ascent will be 15.71 feet per mile,

Thence to Share's run above Zook's spring the distance is 57.7 chains, and the descending graduation 12.97 feet per mile-Share's run will require a bridge.

From Share's run the ground rises for 1 mile 10 chains, and the rate per mile of graduation 13.83 feet; crosses 2 ravines. Thence ascending 1 mile 23 chains and crossing two ravines, the graduation is 13.4 feet per mile.

Continuing still to rise for 1 mile and a half chain, the graduation for this section is 16.61 feet per mile, and it crosses one ravine.

From the termination of the last section the line descends to the east bank of Conoy creek, and the distance it 1 mile 77 chains; the descending graduation per mile is 14.13 feet. To straighten the line of this section, it is necessary to cut 10 feet for 40 chains. Bridge at Conoy creek 30.44 feet in height-length about 700 feet. Keeping along the face of the ridge of Conoy valley and running nearly parallel with the creek for 70 chains, the line descends 2.82 feet-but for a very deep ravine on this section, the line might have been kept up in order to diminish the deep cutting in the next section.

From the termination of the latter section, following the face of the same ridge towards Bainbridge, the line afterwards runs parallel with the river ths of a mile from it and terminates at the lower end of Hopkin's canal, about a mile below its entrance from the river. The distance is 4 miles 36 chains, and descending gra duation 23 feet per mile-The length of deep cutting on this section is 96 chains and 25 feet in depth.

In closing the preliminary descriptions of and observations on the western division of the Schulkill and Susquehanna railway, I shall reserve the more particular remarks and views upon the subject to accompany the proposed method for the formation of the road and the estimate of its expense.

I now return to the summit of the main ridge at Henderson's, and proceed with the description of the eastern

division of the line.

30 feet and at a base of about 30 chains, the line is graSec. 20, Reducing the summit at the gap by a cut of duated on the eastern margin of one of the branches of Octoraro creek and passes south of Mr. Moore's residence; then winding gradually along the gentle sloping margin of the meadow, it enters the lands of Messrs. Walker and Coats, thence crossing the Newport turnpike and following the same edge of meadow, it passes and terminates at a favourable bluff for crossing the through the farms of the estates of Dickerson and Moore, middle branch of Octoraro, above Morris' mill pondThe length of this section is 235 chains, and the gradua tion descending 20.32 feet per mile, Bridge across Octoraro 400 feet in length and 25 in height,

Section 21, From Moore's the line continues along the face of the slope bank of the mill pond, and then enters upon gentle sideling ground of the great Chester valley, keeping north of the valley it terminates in a bluff, below the dam of Cloud's mill pond, on the eastern branch of Octoraro creek. The distance from Moore's to Clouds is 150 chains and the rate per mile of ascending gradua tion is 14 feet-bridge across Octoraro 18 feet high, length of bottom 314 feet.

Section 22, Leaving Cloud's mill the line keeps the southern slope of the north valley hill crossing in its course some small ravines, and after intersecting the valley road, it curves southwardly to avoid deep cutting, to a middle point in the summit ridge at Smith's, be tween Octoraro and Buck run. The length of this line is 231 1-3 chains, and the graduated rise per mile is 7.92 feet; Octoraro summit is lessened by a cut of 10.23 feet.

Section 23, As we leave the last mentioned ridge, the line returns towards the sloping face of north valley hill, crosses a branch of Buck run and Strasburg road at Park's tavern, and Buck run east of David Truman's it still continues over favourable ground to the ridge between the waters of Buck run and west Brandywine, where the section terminates. The distance tween the two summits is 242 2-3 chains, and the graduation per mile descending is 23.04 feet. The latter summit must

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be cut 30.38 feet at a base of 23 chains; the bridge over Buck run will be small.

Section 24, From the Buck run summit to west Brandywine at Coatsville, on the south face of the north valley hill, the ground generally has a gentle declination to the valley, the line crosses several narrow branches or spring runs. It intersects the Lancaster turnpike near Coatsville, and after leaving this road the side hill as the Brandywine is approached, becomes steep. The length of this section is 257 chains and the graduated descent is 27 feet per mile. The bridge across the Brandywine by this graduation, will be 70 feet high and 640 long, by cutting the ridge near Buck run 10 feet more, it will reduce the graduation to 24.6 feet per mile, and bridge to 60 feet in height.

Section 25, From west Brandywine still continuing along the same face of the valley hill, the section ends near Gardiner's house at a ridge dividing the waters of west Brandywine from those of east Brandywine, cutting the ridge here 3.55 feet, the line will be level and its length 150 chains. Should it be expedient however to lessen the height of west Brandywine bridge 10 feet, and to cut the ridge 8.55, the ascending graduation per mile to Gardiner's would be 2.64 per mile.

Section 26, Extending the graduated line along the base of North Valley hill, it crosses Beaver creek near Mr. Downing's, which will require a small bridge and embankments; and continuing east intersects another branch, and the Harrisburg turnpike. The section terminates on the face of the slope bank of east Bradywine nearly a mile above Downingston, and the river is passed with a bridge of 40 feet high and about 910 feet long. Extent of the section 467 chains and rate of graduation per mile 16 feet descending.

Section 27, From east Brandywine to our level picket near Trimble's saw mill, on the principal branch of East Valley creek, the ground still continues favourable for a road. The stream must be crossed with a small bridge. The length of this section is 361 2-3 chains and the line ascends at a graduation of 12.34 per mile.

Section 28. Continuing from our level picket to the levels, the summit of the ridge dividing the waters of the eastern and western Valley creeks, which is near the White Horse tavern the line passes over favourable ground and the section terminates to the east of the old Lancaster road. The length is 226 chains and the ascending graduation 10.32 feet per mile.

Section 29. From the summit near the White Horse tavern, the line crosses the valley in a southern direction towards Kennard's school house, it then continues on the north side of the Lancaster and Philadelphia turnpike, and terminates on a ridge near the Chester academy. This ridge must be cut down 15 feet. Length of section 93 chains and ascending graduation 23.20 feet.

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ware) in Mr. Groves' field, a short distance north of the Spread-Eagle tavern, which was ascertained to be nearly 62 feet above the level at the White Horse. Mr. Haines after passing with the levels the ridge near the Chester academy (stated in section No. 29) kept with an elevated level to the end of the section No. 31 at Paoli, and from thence he crossed the ridge on the turnpike about one and a half miles east of the Paoli tavern, and carried the line towards the summit at Groves'. His report upon the section from the Warren to the Spread Eagle was so favourable that the line was continued to the Schuylkill without further examinations being made upon it. I find however, from the profile and draft made out from the level book, that that portion of the line passed over more uneven ground than any other section between the Schuylkill and Susquehanna rivers. The ravines crossed are numerous and several of them of great depth. A further examination will be made of it previous to the completion of the estimate.

Section 32. Returning to the level picket at Paoli and continuing the line on north side of South Valley ridge it terminates on a summit in Mr. Vanleer's orchard near the toll-gate. The distance is 200 chains and by reducing the summit 15 feet at a base of 18 chains, the graduation of the section will be 5.64 feet per mile. Three ravines are crossed and a ridge of 10 chains must be cut 20 feet.

Section 33. From Vanleer's the line crosses the turnpike and re-crosses it near the Lamb tavern, it then keeps north of it and passes through Mr. Grover's near the Spread Eagle tavern. From thence it is traced on favourable ground, to the east bank of the ravine, which it crosses north of Benjamin Mould's house. The length of this section is 335 chains and descends upon a graduation of 274 feet per mile. Bridge across Mould's ravine 34.13 feet in height and 600 long.

Section 34. Leaving Mould's ravine the line passes through lands of L. George and G. Curwin north of the turnpike and reaches a summit on Rudolph's land, re

ducing which 20 feet the ascending graduation will be 9.97 feet per mile, and the distance 174 chains.

Section 35. From Rudolph's summit the line crosses the turnpike west of the house of William Thomas, and passes south of the Buck tavern, near which it re-crosses the turnpike and taking a direction towards Dr. Anderson's, it meets the old Lancaster road and following nearly its course, the section terminates this line at the line point where the Flat Rock bridge road leaves the 602 chains and the descending graduation is 15.48 feet old Lancaster near Henry Browman's. The length is Per mile. The line crosses five ravines of about four chains wide each, and 20 feet deep.

Levels from section No. 35, were carried along the Section 30. From this ridge the line crosses the turn-ridge north of the turnpike to the Schuylkill river, with pike and keeps to the south of it, along the face of the South Valley hill to a level picket near the Warren tavern. The length of this section is 199 chains and ascending graduation 7.68 feet per mile.

Section 31. Continuing along the face of the same hill the line intersects the turnpike near the toll-gate, immediately above the Warren tavern, crossing in its course, several deep and wide ravines and terminates at a point a short distance north of General Evans' tavern, Paoli. Length of section 219 chains and graduated rate per mile ascending 26.64 feet. I will here remark that great difficulties presented themselves in exploring and finding a favourable route for leaving the Chester valley. In order to facilitate the operations, I proceeded in advance of the levelling party with a line of levels as far as the ravine which enters the valley at Howell's (Davis') tavern. In running the line to the head of the defile, the ground rose too rapidly to admit of a passage through it. The levels however, were extended along the ridge to the north of the Philadelphia turnpike, as far as a summit (dividing, the waters of Schuylkill from Dela

a view to a knowledge of the country, but as it is a matter of some consideration to determine whether the river shall be crossed and if so, the most advantageous point for crossing by a bridge, the line has been left open from

this section for future decision.

November, the time remaining has been too limited to Having only completed the survey on the 29th of afford me an opportunity of putting together the extensive notes made during the examinations through the country, so as to form a correct estimate of expenses of all the constituent parts of the rail way.

From the nature of the subject and the varied surface over which the survey has passed, it must be obvious, that a careful and minute calculation is indispensably necessary to the attainment of a correct estimate, I shall however, exert myself to prepare within as short a period as possible, the remaining part of this report. All which is respectfully submitted. Signed,

Philadelphia, Dec. 17, 1827

JOHN WILSON.

OFFICE OF THE CANAL COMMISSIONERS.

Philadelphia, Jan. 14, 1828.

Sir-By the direction of the canal commissioners, I have the honour to enclose to you a complete estimate by major Wilson, of the cost of a rail-way from the mouth of Swatara down the Susquehanna to Columbia and thence to a point near Philadelphia. The estimated expense from Columbia to the city of Philadelphia, varies by a very small fraction from the sum named by the commissioners in their report.

I have also transmitted to the clerk of the house of representatives for the use of both branches of the legislature, the following drafts of surveys made during the past season.

1. A map of the proposed canal line from Pittsburg by the Beaver and Shenango to Conneaut lake, by C. T. Whippo, engineer.

2, A draft of a canal line from Bemis' mill on French creek by way of Waterford to Erie harbour, by the same engineer.

3. A map of the proposed canal line from Conneaut lake by way of Elk creek to Erie harbour, by major D. B. Douglass.

4. A connected map prepared under the direction of Mr. Whippo, shewing all the above mentioned lines, and also the line of the French creek feeder from Conneaut lake to Bemis' mill.

It is respectfully asked, that you will cause these documents to be laid before the honourable body over which you preside.

With sincere respect,

I have the honour to be,
Your most ob't. servant,

JOS. M'ILVAINE,
Superintendant of Surveys.
Hon. NER MIDDLESWARTH, Speaker of the
House of Representatives of Pennsylvania.

To the Board of Canal Commissioners of the state of
Pennsylvania.

Gentlemen-Having already submitted to the board a preliminary description of a line of rail-way, between the Susquehanna and Schuylkill rivers, in conformity with your instructions, I have now the honor to place before you the remaining part of my report upon the subject with an estimate of the expense of construction. In describing the nature of the ground over which the survey was conducted for tracing the line of rail-way; it was remarked, that there were considerable difficulties in finding ground suitable for leaving Chester valley in order to extend the line to Philadelphia. Exceptions: being made to the 34th section as passing over not only ravines of great depth but the line itself, being too winding in its course, to render it practicable for the road.

A levelling party was therefore directed to re-examine this section, and also another line along the face of the Valley hill, so as to connect the latter with the summit at Grover's. The examination of the first was fully made, which resulted in the impracticability of graduating any line immediately from the Warren tavern, so as to join the position at Paoli, with the termination of its graduation at the point east of Vanleer's, on the turnpike road. Levels were also carried from Grover's to a very favourable position (three-fourths of a mile in a north west direction) for connecting the two graduations above mentioned, by means of fixed steam power; but the continued unfavourable state of the weather and the limited time allotted for the explorations, would not allow the party to make so full a report upon the subject as was wished. In order, therefore, to close the estimate I have given the probable amount of cost of item 13, leaving this section subject to future examination.

The numerous streams intersected by the line between the Susquehanna and Schuylkill rivers, rendered it necessary that the bridges should be constructed of the least expensive materials. In all those which exceed

the mean height of 18 feet, the wooden superstructures are placed upon stone piers of common rubble masonry, and under that height wooden frames resting upon stone foundations support the rail-way. They are all covered to protect them from the weather. Their formation is upon the principle of Town's truss bridges, which I believe to be well calculated for strength, durability and

economy.

The methods which have been adopted in the construction of the rail-ways in this state, and in Massachusetts, are very similar; they differ only in the material which forms the traverse upon which the wooden rail rests. The one being of wood, and the other stone; and both are placed upon stone foundations to render them secure, and keep them from the influence of frost. The construction at Quincy might be applied to the Susquehanna line, without much additional cost, but I submit to the board another plan, which appears to ensure equal stability.

Instead of the transverse bearing or sleepers of wood or stone upon which the parallel wooden rails are placed, it is proposed to substitute blocks of stone 18 inches or 2 feet square, inserted two feet deep in the ground, or more, as the nature of the soil may require, and these situated 8 feet apart, in the direction of the road. The blocks to be firmly embedded in broken stone and puddle, and so fixed as to rise from 4 to 6 inches above the surface of the ground. Upon the blocks will be placed the rail of oak timber 8 inches wide and 12 deep, and which will be secured to the former by iron bolts one inch in diameter and 20 inches long, the upper surface of the blocks being previously smoothed, drilled 10 inches and plugged with wooden trenails. Upon the inner edge of the wooden rail be applied a rolled iron bar 24 inches wide and of an inch in thickness, which will be secured in its place by spikes or screws, at every 3 feet in length. Parallel to this line will be the other at the distance of four feet.

As the road is calculated for a double track, the intermediate space between the two, will be four feet; and four sidelings or passing places to the mile, between the tracks, are allowed in the estimate. The side foot-paths will each occupy four feet, and the side drains are calculated at 44 feet in width. The space of ground covered by this arrangement will be about 33 feet. The horse path in each rail way will be properly prepared and covered with broken stone and gravel. Western Division.

Item 1. Comencing with deep cut at gap of Mine ridge. Excavation on a base of 32 chains, depth from apex being 30ft. 68052 cubic yards 20 cents

Double drain, 2816 cubic yds. 20 cts.

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$13,610 40

Two small bridges each $100 Bridge over Pequea creek; stone piers, wooden superstructure; and covered

563 20 14,173 60

528 00

422 40 1,285 00 1,740 00 3,975 40

259 44

921 48

2,720 25 200 00 5,487 00

9,588 17

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