dence of Christianity; Lectures on Moral Philosophy; Religious Dissent; Tradition; The Work of Christ and the Spirit; Sermons, etc.

Dean Stanley.

ARTHUR PENRYN STANLEY, D. D., 1815 - Dean of Westminster, is one of the most accomplished theologians of the age. He is at present the leader of the Broad Church party in England.

Dean Stanley is the son of the late Bishop Stanley. He was educated at Rugby, under Dr. Arnold, and afterwards at Oxford, in both which places he was distinguished for scholarship. Besides numerous pamphlet Addresses and Sermons, and contributions to Smith's Dictionaries, Dr. Stanley has published The Life of Arnold; Memoir of Bishop Stanley; Sermons and Essays on the Apostolic Age; The Epistles to the Corinthians, a critical commentary, 2 vols.; Sinai and Palestine; Sermons on the Unity of Evangelical and Apostolic Teaching; Lectures on the Jewish Church; Sermons before the University of Oxford; Historical Memorials of Canterbury, and of Westminster Abbey.

JOHN ROBERT SEELEY,

Professor of Modern History in

Cambridge, has won great distinction by his work, Ecce Homo.

In this work, which is one of singular beauty and elegance, Prof. Seeley has endeavored to show, more fully than had ever before been done, the human side of our Lord's character. The studied silence of the book in regard to our Lord's divine character, leaving it in doubt whether the writer really believed Him to be divine, has caused the large body of Christians, both in England and America, to look with disfavor upon the work, notwithstanding the extraordinary fascinations of its style. Other works of Prof. Seeley are Roman Imperialism, English Lessons for English People.

F. W. Robertson.

REV. FREDERICK W. ROBERTSON, 1816-1853, is one of the few clergymen who have made a strong impression on the general mind by the publication of Sermons.

Sermons in the pulpit form no inconsiderable part of the mental food of the community. But they are usually a drug when published, as every bookseller knows. Robertson's Sermons are an exception. There is in them a freshness of thought and of expression that have given them a place in popular literature.

Mr. Robertson was the son of an army officer, and was designed by his father for the military profession, but preferred that of preaching the gospel. He was educated at Oxford. The principal scene of his ministerial labors was at Brighton, where his preaching made a powerful impression, His early death, at the age of thirty-seven, cut short what promised to be a most distinguished career.

Besides the five series of Sermons, he published several Addresses on literary and social topics, which were marked by great originality of thought. Two of these are worthy of particular mention, An Analysis of Tennyson's "In Memoriam," and The Influences of Poetry on the Working-Classes. His Life and Letters has been published in 1 vol., his Sermons in 2 vols., and his Lectures and Addresses in 2 vols., and have been reprinted in various forms in the United States.

WILLIAM THOMSON, D.D., 1819 -, Archbishop of York, has published some able works on Theology and Metaphysics.

Archbishop Thomson is the author of an Outline of the Necessary Laws of Thought, which has been highly praised, and has been adopted as a text-book in many collegiate institutions in the United States. His principal works, however, are theological in their nature. In 1853 he delivered the Bampton course of lectures at Oxford, on The Atoning Work of Christ. Several volumes of his Sermons have also been collected and published. In 1869 he published his Limits of Philosophical Inquiry. He is the editor of Aids to Faith, a collection of essays in reply to the well-known Essays and Reviews.

JOHN BIRD SUMNER, D. D., 1780-1862, late Archbishop of Canterbury, was greatly respected by all parties for his moderation and soundness of judgment, as well as for his learning.

His principal works are the following: Essay to show that the Prophecies now Ac complishing are an Evidence of the Truth of the Christian Religion; Apostolical Preaching; On the Records of Creation; On Christian Faith and Character; Evidences of Christianity derived from its Nature and Reception; On the Principal Festivals of the Christian Church; On the Christian Ministry; Practical Expositions in the Form of Lectures.

Whately.

RICHARD WHATELY, D. D., 1787-1863, was educated at Oxford; took orders in the English Church, and rose to great distinction, occupying various important posts, among them the Bishopric of Kildare, and the Archbishopric of Dublin.

Whately's literary productions are so numerous and so diversified that it would be impossible to cite in this place even a bare list of them. His earliest published production was the well-known work entitled Historic Doubts Relative to Napoleon Bonaparte. It was an instance of what the logicians call the reductio ad absurdum, that is, the young churchman attempted to show that the principles of reasoning employed by infidels against the New Testament might be made to prove that such a man as Napoleon never existed. The work attracted much attention at the time, and was translated into several continental languages.

For some years before being nominated to the Archbishopric of Dublin, Whately was Tutor in Oriel College, Oxford, also Principal of St. Alban's Hall, and Professor of Political Economy. His contemporaries at Oxford included such men as Arnold, Keble, Pusey, and Newman. It was during this period that he published his best known works. Among them are his Treatises on Logic and on Rhetoric, which have been the stumbling-block of so many generations of collegians, his Essays on the Peculiarities of the Christian Religion, on the Difficulties in St. Paul, and on the Errors of Romanism.

After his appointment as Archbishop, he took a deep and steadfast interest in Ireland, and especially in the Board of National Education, of which he was for many years a member. Nor did his pastoral duties prevent him from continuing his authorship. Indeed, it has been remarked of him that he was always either writing himself, or helping some one else to write. His literary labors appeared chiefly in the shape

of lectures, pamphlets, occasional discourses, and pastoral charges, and present a formidable aggregate of titles and a vast mass of matter.

Among the few large works of this period is his well-known Edition of Bacon's Essays with Annotations. This is a model of editorial workmanship, and the best edition of Bacon for the ground which it covers. Other remarkable productions of this period are his Kingdom of Christ, his Introductory Lectures on the Study of St. Paul's Epistles, and his English Synonyms.

Whately may be set down as a man of learning and of great acuteness of thought, but without metaphysical profundity. His Logic has been sharply criticized by Mill and by Sir William Hamilton. It is undoubtedly a good text-book for instructing beginners in the rudiments of the formal side of logic. But it cannot lay claim to being a treatise on the science of pure thought. Whately's theological works are characterized by fairness and by an earnest spirit of inquiry after the truth. They are, upon the whole, the most satisfactory of his writings. The Archbishop was, while a student, rough and uncouth in his manners, but became toned down with age and experience, and also lost much, if not all, of his acrimony in debate. In politics and in theology he was liberal, but without running to extremes in any of his views.

Faber.

GEORGE STANLEY FABER, 1773-1854, was one of the most learned and prolific writers that the English Church has produced in recent times.

He was a graduate of Cambridge, and was elected a Fellow there, before the age of twenty-one. He rose to be Prebendary of Salisbury, and finally Master of Sherburn Hospital.

His writings are exceedingly numerous, and are all such as mark accurate scholarship and unusual mental vigor. The following are the chief: Hora Mosaicæ, a View of the Mosaic Records, being the Bampton Lectures for 1801, 2 vols., 8vo; A Dissertation on the Mysteries of the Cabyri, or the Great Gods of Phoenicia, 2 vols., 8vo; The Arminian and Calvinistic Controversy, 8vo; Dissertation on the Prophecies relating to the Papal and Mohammedan apostasies, 3 vols., 8vo; View of the Prophecies relating to Judah and Israel, 2 vols., 8vo; The Seventy Weeks of Daniel, 8vo; The Ordinary Operations of the Holy Spirit, 8vo; The Origin of Papal Idolatry, 3 vols., 4to; The Genius and Object of the Patriarchal, Levitical, and Christian Dispensations, 2 vols., 8vo; The Difficulties of Infidelity, 8vo; The Difficulties of Romanism, 2 vols., Svo; The Sacred Calendar of Prophecy, 3 vols., 8vo; The Primitive Doctrines of Election, Justification, Regeneration; The Apostolicity of Trinitarianism, 2 vols., 8vo; Provincial Letters, 2 vols., 12mo; The Promise of a Mighty Deliverer, 2 vols., 8vo, etc. His separate works number forty-two, and run through a period of fifty-five years of active authorship.

"Mr. Faber is the most voluminous writer of the age. For several years his publications have appeared with surprising rapidity, considering their nature; and yet not one of them bears any mark of undue haste. His Hora Mosaicæ, Origin of Idolatry, Difficulties of Romanism, Difficulties of Infidelity, and Treatises on Election, Justification, Regeneration, Apostolicity of Trinitarianism, etc., are among the most valuable publications of modern times."- Edward William's Christian Preacher.

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Horne.

THOMAS HARTWELL HORNE, D.D., 1780-1862, is known among biblical students everywhere by his Introduction to the study of the Scriptures.

He received his early education at the Christ's Hospital School, London, where he was a fellow-student with Coleridge. He left the school at the age of fifteen, with a high character for scholarship, and, not having the means of going to the University, obtained employment for eight years as clerk to barristers. In this humble position, having a good deal of leisure on his hands, he gave his attention to literature and study.

His first publication, The Necessity and Truth of the Christian Revelation, was written when he was only eighteen. In the preparation of this book, he felt the neces sity of some such work in the study of the Scriptures as that which he himself afterwards made, and he set himself deliberately to collecting the materials and acquiring the varied knowledge needed for its composition. This work, published originally in 3 vols., large 8vo, and gradually increased in successive editions to 5 vols., became the acknowledged text-book on the subject in nearly all institutions of theological learning, both in England and America. It has passed through a greater number of editions, probably, than any other work of like erudition and extent.

Besides his "Introduction," Horne wrote and edited a large number of other works, partly legal, but mostly theological. No less than forty-five of these are enumerated, many of them in 4to and 8vo, and some extending to several volumes. A few only need be named: Deism Refuted; The Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity; History of the Mohammedan Empire in Spain; Outlines for the Classification of a Library, etc., etc. Much that he did was mere hack work, done for daily bread.

celebrity by his various popular essays on the study of English; he is also a voluminous writer on theological subjects.

He studied at Cambridge; took orders in the Church of England; and, after filling various incumbencies, was made Dean of Westminster in 1856, and Archbishop of Dublin in 1864.

It would be impossible to cite in this place a complete, or even a partially complete, list of his works, and yet it is not easy to make a selection among them. The most prominent of his homiletic works, perhaps, are Notes on the Parables of Our Lord, Notes on the Miracles of our Lord, The Fitness of Holy Scripture for Unfolding the Spiritual Life, On the Lessons in Proverbs, and A Commentary on the Epistles to the Seven Churches. Besides these he has published a number of single Sermons and Discourses. As an expounder of Christian doctrine, Dean Trench is characterized by clearness, grace, and breadth of view. He belongs to the moderate Evangelical party in the Church of England, and is one of the great leaders of sound Christian thought in that country.

But the Dean is no less celebrated as a scholar. It may be said that he has contributed, by his essay On the Study of Words, and by his English Past and Present, more than any other writer before Max Müller, to awaken and sustain an interest in the popular mind for the study of the mother tongue. These works do not profess to be strictly scientific, and some of the author's views require modification or correc

tion. But they have the great merit of being perfectly adapted to the reader of general culture, and of urging most happily the claims of a hitherto neglected study. Few books are more interesting and profitable for the young college student.

Of a more strictly scientific character are his essay On Some Deficiencies in our English Dictionaries, and A Select Glossary of English Words used formerly in senses different from the present.

So important have been the Dean's services in the study of English that he was chosen chairman of the committee of the (English) Philological Society intrusted with the preparation of a new English Dictionary. This work, according to the prospectus, was to be exhaustive and thoroughly scientific, to be a complete treasury of English words from the earliest times down to the present day. It is a matter of universal regret that so noble an undertaking should, as it seems, have fallen through.

The Dean, however, is not merely a scholar and a theologian, but also a poet. His earliest publication was a volume of Poems, among them The Story of Justin Martyr. Since then he has published Elegiac Poems; Poems from Eastern Sources; Alma; and a translation of Calderon's Life's a Dream. Dean Trench's poetical productions are marked by great delicacy of feeling and exquisite beauty.

Alford.

HENRY ALFORD, D. D., 1810-1871, Dean of Canterbury, is the author of several important works, literary and theological.

The most elaborate and scholarly of his works is his Edition of the New Testament, in 4 vols. Some of his other publications are the following: School of the Heart and Other Poems, 2 vols.; Abbot of Muchelnaye and Other Poems; Chapters on the Poets of Ancient Greece: Psalms and Hymns adapted to the Sundays and Holidays throughout the Year; The Consistency of the Divine Conduct in Revealing the Doctrines of Redemption, being the Hulsean Lectures for 1841; Village Sermons; and The Queen's English.

The work last named was intended to expose some of the common corruptions of the English by careless writers and speakers. It owes its chief celebrity, however, to the merciless severity with which its own bad English was criticized by Mr. Moon in his work, The Dean's English.

S. T. BLOOMFIELD, D. D., 1790, was a scholar and divine of high standing, particularly in the line of biblical criticism. His principal works are The Greek Testament, with English Notes, Critical, Philological, and Explanatory, 2 vols.; College and School Greek Testament, with English Notes; Greek and English Lexicon of the New Testament, being Robinson's work with additions; Recensio Synoptica Annotationis Sacræ, A Critical Digest and Synoptical Arrangement of the Most Important Annotations on the New Testament, S vols., 8vo. The work last named is for scholars of the present day what Pool's Synopsis Criticorum was to those of a former generation. Besides these works in the field of biblical literature, Dr. Bloomfield has produced an English translation of Thucydides, in 3 vols., which is regarded as a masterly performance.

ALEXANDER KEITH, D. D., 1791, has written Evidences of the Truth of the Christian Religion from the Literal Fulfilment of Prophecy; The Signs of the Times; The Land of Israel; The Harmony of Prophecy, etc. The first of these, commonly called Keith on the Prophecies, has had an extensive circulation, and has caused considerable discussion.