further and tagged (fig. 7) on an Intergraph edit station, with final structuring to a digital line graph format occurring on an Amdahl mainframe computer. It is believed that this production system will enable us to produce, at a high rate, large amounts of digital cartographic data. Features Included in the Data The data base will provide comprehensive coverage of transportation and hydrographic features. A complete list of the features to be included is given in table 1. These features provide a basic Table 1. Features included in 1:100,000-scale digital data base Hydrographic features Aqueduct, conduit, flume, Aqueduct, flume, and so forth controlled inundation or perennial ditch Canal, intermittent Canal, navigable Channel in water area Cranberry bog Dam, masonry Dry lake or pond Filtration plant Lock, shipping canal Marsh or swamp Reservoir Salt evaporator Sewage disposal Siphon Spring Stream, braided Stream, disappearing Stream, intermittent Stream, perennial Stream, unsurveyed perennial Submerged marsh or swamp Wash Watermill Water surface elevation Water well Windmill table 1. Each distinct major data category (such as transportation and hydrography) is stored as a separate data file in the data base. Details on the digital line graph structure can be found in U.S. Geological Survey Circular 895-C; listings and explanations of the attribute (feature) codes are contained in U.S. Geological Survey Circular 895-G. This data base, when complete, will contain an immense amount of spatial information. Not only are a large number of features identified and coded, but the level of feature portrayal also is quite detailed. Figure 8, which is a plot of a portion of the road network digitized from the Tallahassee, Florida, 1:100,000-scale map, provides an indication of this detail. 1 2 Miles 1 ANTICIPATED USES The U.S. Bureau of the Census has a requirement for digital cartographic data describing roads, railroads, streams, and other geographic features to enable it to automate its geographic support system for the 1990 census. Census is developing its Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Reference (TIGER) System to automate many of the geographically based aspects of data collection, processing, and publication activities associated with a decennial census. According to an article by R. W. Marx in American Demographics, "TIGER will store and identify the hierarchical relationships of all geographic areas represented in each census or survey: the 50 states, 3,137 counties, more than 18,000 minor civil divisions or equivalent areas, more than 20,000 incorporated places, and all other areas. . . .TIGER must accurately portray the boundaries of all political and statistical areas recorded in the file, plus the streets, roads, and other map features needed for field operations." The 1:100,000-scale digital cartographic data base will form the cartographic foundation for the TIGER files. One example of a geographic product that Census will produce from the system is shown in figure 9. The Geological Survey and the Bureau of the Census have agreed to work jointly in the production of this data base. The 1:100,000-scale digital cartographic data base will provide the geographic framework for geographic information systems through the rest of the century. The addition of street names and census-keyed geocodes by Census will allow spatial analysis of vast amounts of socioeconomic data. The Geological Survey is adding information on land ownership and mineral resources to the base categories to form Figure 9. Proposed enumerator map as it will be created by the U.S. Bureau of the Census' Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Reference System. |