filled with dashes blanks stars *** of great importance. and turn these debates may take time can discover. However, certain it is shall be able to bring into the field, at opening of the next campaign, seve five armed men, a commander-in-c and two drummers of great experienc SPAIN. Yesterday the new king sho himself to his subjects, and, after ha stayed half an hour in his balcony, ret to the royal apartment. The night cluded, on this extraordinary occas with illuminations and other demons tions of joy. Thus you perceive that a single gazette is the joint manufacture of Europe; and he who would peruse it with a philosophical eye might perceive in every paragraph something characteristic of the nation to which it belongs. A map does not exhibit a more distinct view of the boundaries and situation of every country, than its news does a picture of the genius and the morals of its inhabitants. The superstition and erroneous delicacy of Italy, the formality of Spain, the cruelty of Portugal, the fears of Austria, the confidence of Prussia, the levity of France, the avarice of Holland, the pride of England, the absurdity of Ireland, and the national partiality of Scotland, are all conspicuous in every page. The queen is more beautiful than rising sun, and reckoned one of the wits in Europe. She had a glorious op tunity of displaying the readiness of invention and her skill in repartee la at court. The Duke of Lerma coming to her with a low bow and a smile, But, perhaps, you may find more satis-presenting a nosegay set with diamo faction in a real newspaper, than in my description of one; I therefore send a specimen, which may serve to exhibit the manner of their being written, and distinguish the characters of the various nations which are united in its composition. NAPLES.-We have lately dug up here a curious Etruscan monument, broke in two in the raising. The characters are scarce visible; but Nugosi, the learned antiquary, supposes it to have been erected in honour of Picus, a Latin king, as one of the lines may be plainly distinguished to begin with a P. It is hoped this discovery will produce something valuable, as the literati of our twelve academies are deeply engaged in the disquisition. PISA. Since Father Fudgi, prior of St. Gilbert's, has gone to reside at Rome, no miracles have been performed at the shrine of St. Gilbert: the devout begin to grow uneasy, and some begin actually to fear that St. Gilbert has forsaken them with the reverend father. LUCCA. The administrators of our serene republic have frequent conferences upon the part they shall take in the present commotions of Europe. Some are for sending a body of their troops, consisting of one company of foot and six horsemen, to make a diversion in favour of the empress-queen; others are as strenuous assertors of the Prussian interest: what Madam," cries he, "I am your n obedient humble servant."—"O sir," plies the queen, without any prompter the least hesitation, "I'm very proud of very great honour you do me." which she made a low courtesy, and all courtiers fell a-laughing at the readin and the smartness of her reply. LISBON. Yesterday we had an a da fé, at which were burned three yo women accused of heresy, one of th of exquisite beauty, two Jews, and an woman, convicted of being a witch: of the friars who attended this last repo that he saw the devil fly out of her the stake in the shape of a flame of The populace behaved on this occas with great good-humour, joy, and sin devotion. Our merciful sovereign has been some time past recovered of his frig though so atrocious an attempt deser to exterminate half the nation, yet has been graciously pleased to spare lives of his subjects, and not above hundred have been broke upon the wh or otherwise executed, upon this ho occasion. VIENNA. We have received cer advices that a party of twenty thous Austrians, having attacked a much supe body of Prussians, put them all to fi and took the rest prisoners of war. BERLIN. We have received certain dvices that a party of twenty thousand russians, having attacked a much supeior body of Austrians, put them to flight, nd took a great number of prisoners, ith their military chest, cannon, and agrage. Though we have not succeeded this camaign to our wishes, yet, when we think of um who commands us, we rest in security: while we sleep, our king is watchful for our safety. PARIS-We shall soon strike a signal blow. We have seventeen flat-bottomed boats at Havre. The people are in excellent spirits, and our ministers make no &ficulty in raising the supplies. We are all undone; the people are discontented to the last degree; the ministers are obliged to have recourse to the most rgus methods to raise the expenses of the war. Our distresses are great; but Madame Empadour continues to supply our king, o is now growing old, with a fresh lady Gery night. His health, thank Heaven, pretty well; nor is he in the least fit, as was reported, for any kind of royal Gercitation. He was so frightened at the Er of Damiens, that his physicians were prehensive lest his reason should suffer; At that wretch's tortures soon composed e kingly terrors of his breast. ENGLAND.-Wanted an usher to an lemy.-N. B. He must be able to address hair, and must have had the mall-pox. LETTER VI. Fum Hoam, First President of the Ceremonial Academy at Pekin, to Lien Chi Altangi, the discontented Wanderer; by the way of Moscow. WHETHER sporting on the flowery banks of the river Irtis, or scaling the steepy mountains of Douchenour; whether traversing the black deserts of Kobi, or giving lessons of politeness to the savage inhabitants of Europe; in whatever country, whatever climate, and whatever circumstances, all hail! May Tien, the Universal Soul, take you under his protection, and inspire you with a superior portion of himself! How long, my friend, shall an enthusiasm for knowledge continue to obstruct your happiness, and tear you from all the connexions that make life pleasing? How long will you continue to rove from climate to climate, circled by thousands, and yet without a friend, feeling all the inconveniences of a crowd, and all the anxiety of being alone? I know you will reply, that the refined pleasure of growing every day wiser is a sufficient recompense for every inconvenience. I know you will talk of the vulgar satisfaction of soliciting happiness from sensual enjoyment only; and probably enlarge upon the exquisite raptures of sentimental bliss. Yet, believe me, friend, you are deceived; all our pleasures, though seemingly never so remote from sense, derive their origin from some one of the senses. The most exquisite demonstration in mathematics, or the most pleasing disquisition in metaphysics, if it does not ultimately tend to increase some sensual satisfaction, is delightful only to fools, or to men who have by long habit contracted a false idea of pleasure; and he who We hear from Germany that Prince separates sensual and sentimental enjoy. Ferdinand has gained a complete victory, ments, seeking happiness from mind taken twelve kettle-drums, five stand-alone, is in fact as wretched as the naked s, and four waggons of ammunition, soners of war. EDINBURGH.-We are positive when We say that Saunders M'Gregor, who was ely executed for horse-stealing, is not a sman, but born in Carrickfergus. farewell. UCBLIN.-We hear that there is a betevolent subscription on foot among the 1lity and gentry of this kingdom, who e great patrons of merit, in order to assist ck and All Black, in his contest with te Paddereen mare. inhabitant of the forest, who places all happiness in the first, regardless of the latter. There are two extremes in this respect: the savage, who swallows down the draught of pleasure without staying to reflect on his happiness; and the sage, who passeth the cup while he reflects on the conveniences of drinking. THE CITIZEN OF THE WORLD. THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. The schoolmen had formerly a very exact way of computing the abilities of their pants or authors. Escobar, for instance, was said to have learning as five, genius as four, and gravity as seven. Caramuel was greater than he. His learning was as right, his genius as six, and his gravity as thirteen. Were I to estimate the merits of our Chinese Philosopher by the same scale, I would not hesitate to state his genius til higher; but as to his learning and gravity, these, I think, might safely be marked as nine hundred and ninety-nine, within one degree of absolute frigidity. Yet, upon his first appearance here, many were angry not to find him as ignorant as a Tripoline ambassador or an envoy from Mujac. They were surprised to find a wborn so far from London, that school of prudence and wisdom, endued even with moderate capacity. They expressed the same surprise at his knowledge that the Chinese do at ours. "How comes it," said they, “that the Europeans, so remote from Chma, think with so much justice and precision? They have never read our books, ày xarcely know even our letters, and yet they talk and reason just as we do." rath is, the Chinese and we are pretty much alike. Different degrees of refinement, and not of distance, mark the distinctions among mankind. Savages of the most psite climates have all but one character of improvidence and rapacity; and tutored nations, however separate, make use of the very same methods to procure refined taperment. The But The distinctions of polite nations are few; but such as are peculiar to the Chinese pear in every page of the following correspondence. The metaphors and allusions are all drawn from the East. Their formality our author carefully preserves. Many of their favourite tenets in morals are illustrated. The Chinese are always concise; wis he. Simple; so is he. The Chinese are grave and sententious; so is he. In one particular the resemblance is peculiarly striking: the Chinese are often dull; and so is he. Nor has my assistance been wanting. We are told in an old romance of a certain knight-errant and his horse who contracted an intimate friendship. The horse most usually bore the knight; but, in cases of extraordinary dispatch, the knight returned the favour, and carried his horse. Thus, in the intimacy between my author and me, he has usually given me a lift of his eastern sublimity, and I have sometimes given him a return of my colloquial ease. Yet it appears strange, in this season of panegyric, when scarcely an author passes praised either by his friends or himself, that such merit as our Philosopher's should be forgotten. While the epithets of ingenious, copious, elaborate, and refined are lavished among the mob, like medals at a coronation, the lucky prizes fall on every side, but not one on him. I could on this occasion make myself melancholy, by considering the capriciousness of public taste, or the mutability of fortune; but during this fit of morality, lest my reader should sleep, I'll take a nap myself, and when I awake tell kim my dream. Several booths I imagined the Thames was frozen over, and I stood by its side. were erected upon the ice, and I was told by one of the spectators, that Fashion Fair was going to begin. He added, that every author who would carry his works there might probably find a very good reception. I was resolved, however, to observe the humours of the place in safety from the shore; sensible that ice was at best precarious, an having been always a little cowardly in my sleep. Several of my acquaintance seemed much more hardy than I, and went over t ice with intrepidity. Some carried their works to the fair on sledges, some on car and those which were more voluminous were conveyed in waggons. Their temeri astonished me. I knew their cargoes were heavy, and expected every moment the would have gone to the bottom. They all entered the fair, however, in safety, an each soon after returned, to my great surprise, highly satisfied with his entertainme and the bargains he had brought away. The success of such numbers at last began to operate upon me. If these, cried. meet with favour and safety, some luck may, perhaps, for once attend the unfortunat I am resolved to make a new adventure. The furniture, frippery, and fireworks China have long been fashionably bought up.. I'll try the fair with a small cargo Chinese morality. If the Chinese have contributed to vitiate our taste, I'll try how fo they can help to improve our understanding. But, as others have driven into t market in waggons, I'll cautiously begin by venturing with a wheelbarrow. resolved, I baled up my goods, and fairly ventured; when, upon just entering the fai I fancied the ice, that had supported an hundred waggons before, cracked under m and wheel-barrow and all went to the bottom. Th Upon awaking from my reverie with the fright, I cannot help wishing that t pains taken in giving this correspondence an English dress had been employed: contriving new political systems, or new plots for farces. I might then have take my station in the world, either as a poet or a philosopher, and made one in those litt societies where men club to raise each other's reputation. But at present I belong no particular class. I resemble one of those animals that has been forced from i forest to gratify human curiosity. My earliest wish was to escape unheeded throug life; but I have been set up for half-pence, to fret and scamper at the end of my chain Though none are injured by my rage, I am naturally too savage to court any friend by fawning, too obstinate to be taught new tricks, and too improvident to mind whe may happen. I am appeased, though not contented. Too indolent for intrigue, an too timid to push for favour, I am-But what signifies what am I? Ελπὶς καὶ σὺ τύχη μέγα χαίρετε· τὸν λιμέν' εὗρον. LETTER I. [1760-62.] To Mr. -, Merchant in London. Amsterdam. stranger to their manners and customs. am told he is a philosopher; I am sure h is an honest man: that to you will be hi best recommendation, next to the con sideration of his being the friend of, sir SIR,-Yours of the 13th instant, covering The bearer of this is my friend, therefore LETTER II. From Lien Chi Altangi to in Amsterdam. Merchan London. FRIEND OF MY HEART,-May the wing of peace rest upon thy dwelling, and th shield of conscience preserve thee from vic and misery! For all thy favours accept m gratitude and esteem. the only tributes poor philosophic wanderer can return Sure, fortune is resolved to make m unhappy, when she gives others a powe |