basis of past experience in the development of the program it may be assumed that the cooperating States will be in a position to absorb an additional million dollars of Federal money in the next 2 or 3 years. This amount of money, together with the State and local funds will not, however, be adequate to meet the rehabilitation problem. The future development of the rehabilitation program will be largely dependent on the degree to which the Federal Government participates.

For reasons that appealed to the 1914 Commission on National Aid to Vocational Education, the Smith-Hughes Act of 1917 did not provide Federal aid to the States for occupations in the field of commerce as in other vocational fields. The need for more adequate vocational-training programs for those engaged in distributive occupations is becoming urgent. Small-store operators and other commercial workers are now demanding classes in which they and their employees can be taught more efficient methods and practices. According to the Census Reports about one-tenth of the workers between 18 and 24 annually enter distributive occupations without any preparatory or supplementary vocational training. It is now being realized that vocational training in the field of commerce to promote efficient distribution of the products of farms and factories is as essential to the economic welfare of the country as vocational training in other fields.

LEGISLATION IN THE STATES

During the past year, and in provisions for the current year, the States have continued their appropriations in support of vocationaleducation and vocational-rehabilitation programs. In some instances States and local appropriations, which had been reduced under the pressure for economy have been restored or increased. Alaska accepted the vocational-education act, and submitted its plan for developing a vocational-education program. Hawaii provided for initiation of a program of vocational rehabilitation. Two States, Florida and South Carolina, enacted compensation legislation which will increase the efficacy of rehabilitation work in these States, and, in addition, a number of States enacted legislation, in the fields of social welfare and employment, of material value for the rehabilitation program.

RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS

During the year work continued in compilation of the results of the inquiry undertaken at the request of the American Vocational Association on Vocational Education and Changing Conditions. One bulletin (no. 174), summarizing some results of this inquiry has been issued, and provisional copy for a second publication under this

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general title, covering modifications required in vocational programs for wage-earning occupations to bring them into line with changing economic and social conditions, has been distributed to State directors with the request that it be reviewed by their supervisory and teachertraining staffs.

A summary of studies in agricultural education which was undertaken jointly by the Agricultural Education Service and the agricultural section of the American Vocational Association was completed during the year, and summaries of 373 studies will be published by the Office as a bulletin of the Agricultural Service. The research specialist in this service is cooperating with a regional group of teachers in the conduct of a study of supervised-farm practice. As an experimental procedure which may be followed at other institutions, this specialist held advisory conferences for a period of 1 week during the year with teachers working on problems in agriculture, at the summer-school session of one institution. A study was in progress of the activities of teachers of agriculture in connection with emergency and certain long-time programs related to agriculture.

In the Trade and Industrial Education Service two studies in the field of vocational training for the aviation industry were initiated, and will be published during the current fiscal year. One of these studies deals with training for sheet-metal workers in the industry. The second, making a general survey of the entire field of aviation and of different types of courses related to the industry, is being prepared for the general reader rather than those concerned chiefly with technical details.

The home-economics staff has worked with State groups and institutions requesting assistance in making surveys and studies for curriculum revision. A member of the staff has served as chairman of a committee on graduate work, which is studying the graduate program in home-economics education and needs for research in this field. Graduate studies in home-economics education at colleges and universities have been listed and indexed, and studies completed since 1930-31 have been abstracted. Bulletins representing extended research on Rooms and Equipment for Instruction in Homemaking and Consumer-Buying in the Educational Program for Homemaking were prepared.

The Commercial Education Service has made substantial progress toward the completion of manuscripts on changes in commercial occupations in relation to high-school commercial courses, and on the teaching of retail selling in high schools. These bulletins will be published this coming year.

During the year a manual for procedure in the conduct of rehabilitating case work, which had been prepared during the preceding year, was published. Research projects in the field of vocational rehabilitation included comprehensive surveys of State rehabilitation programs in 3 States-Iowa, Georgia, and Illinois, as already noted-revision of 2 bulletins, and preparation of a bulletin on a Procedure for the Survey of a State Program of Vocational Rehabilitation, and of a miscellaneous publication on Opportunities for Employment of the Physically Handicapped Under the United States Civil Service.

Principal publications for the year include, in addition to regular reports of regional conferences, the following:

GENERAL

Misc. 1615. Digest of annual reports of State boards for vocational education to the Office of Education, Division of Vocational Education, for the year ended June 30, 1934.

Misc. 1623. Vocational education and unemployment. Examples of how vocational education funds are being used for the relief of unemployment. Compiled for State and local vocational staffs to aid them in further promotion of unemployment relief.

Misc. 1573. Vocational education in the United States. Report presented by the Assistant Commissioner for Vocational Education at the second conference of the Inter-American Federation of Education meeting in Santiago, Chile, September 9-16, 1934.

C. L. 1697. Anticipated utilization of Federal funds under State vocational programs in the year ending June 30, 1936, as reported to the Federal office by State directors of vocational education.

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION

Bulletin No. 178. Teaching farm credit. A discussion of principles and practice together with suggestions to teachers, based on illustrative cases.

Bulletin No. 180. Summaries of studies in agricultural education. An annotated bibliography of 374 studies in agricultural education with a classified subject index and a general evaluation.

Misc. 1590. Report of conference on out-of-school farm youth.

TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION

Bulletin No. 106. Stone setting. The setting of cut-stone trim in brick buildings (revised).

Bulletin No. 128. Bibliography on foreman improvement. A selected and annotated list of references including books, pamphlets, and magazine articles (revised).

Misc. 1599. New definitions and interpretations affecting trade and industrial education.

Misc. 1613. Vocational training for household employment.

Misc. 1586. Apprentice training under N. R. A. codes. A discussion of the organization of related, technical, and general instruction for apprentices. Misc. 1580. Report of conference on new problems in trade and industrial education.

State compulsory school attendance standards affecting the employment of minors. State child-labor standards. (Material prepared by the Children's Bureau of the U. S. Department of Labor.)

Report of conference to study problems of industrial-youth organizations.

HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION

Bulletin No. 179. A bibliography of studies of the home-economics curriculum. Studies reported during the period 1926 to May 1934. Prepared by a committee of the home economics section, Association of Land Grant Colleges and Universities.

Bulletin No. 181. Planning and furnishing rooms for instruction in homemaking. A guide in the selection, arrangement, and use of space and equipment.

Misc. 1163. Studies and research in home-economics education reported by colleges and universities, with supplement indicating studies reported in published form (revised January 1935).

Misc. 1607. An annotated bibliography on adult education for home-economics programs.

Misc. 1569. Vocational-education program in cooperation with the emergency relief (home-economics education).

Misc. 1603. The home-economics program and parent education.

Misc. 1567. Curriculum construction (home-economics education).

Misc. 1568. Consumer education.

Misc. 1635. A study of supervision as it related to improvement of homeeconomics teachers in service in the vocational departments of Indiana high schools: 1931-35.

VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION

Bulletin No. 161. Organization and administration of a State program of vocational rehabilitation. A discussion of principles and methods involved in the organization and administration of a State program of vocational rehabilitation (revised).

Bulletin No. 148. Vocational guidance in rehabilitation service. A manual of procedure for counseling and advising physically handicapped persons and assisting them in adjusting or readjusting themselves to vocational life. Misc. 1040. Opportunities for the employment of the handicapped under United States civil service.

APPROPRIATIONS: 1935 AND 1936

Appropriations under the several vocational-education and vocational-rehabilitation acts for 1935 and 1936, for research and service to aid the States and administration of the acts, are shown in table 1; totals of appropriations to the States and Territories under these acts in table 2; and allotments to the States and Territories in table 3. Appropriations for research, service, and administration which had been reduced in 1933 and 1934 under the economy acts, were in somewhat larger amounts in 1935, and were further increased for the current year 1936.

TABLE 1.-Appropriations for research and service to aid the States and for administration: 1935, 1936

Appropriations to the States under the Smith-Hughes Act, which, also, had been reduced under the economy acts for 1933 and 1934, were restored in 1935 to the basic appropriations provided in the act. Similar restorations were made in appropriations for Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia, and the full amounts authorized to be appropriated under the George-Ellzey Act were appropriated for 1935. These appropriations to the States under the several acts have all been provided in the same amounts for the current fiscal year 1936 as for 1935.

TABLE 2.-Appropriations for allotment to the States and Territories for vocational education and vocational rehabilitation: 1935, 1936