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tion of the George-Ellzey Act for each of the fiscal years 1935, 1936, and 1937 of $5,000 for agricultural education, $5,000 for home-economics education, and $5,000 for trade and industrial education. On June 26 these amounts were certified for the current fiscal year for payment to the Territory in semiannual installments July 1, 1935, and January 1, 1936.

On May 23, 1935, a bill was introduced in the House (H. R. 8188) extending to Alaska the benefits of the Vocational Education Act of 1917, and of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1920, and authorizing appropriations to Alaska under these acts-those for vocational education being additional to those authorized in the George-Ellzey Act. This bill was pending at the close of the fiscal year.

COOPERATIVE SERVICE TO THE STATES

Service and research to aid the States in building up their vocational programs operated under State plans have continued during the year past, as in other years. As a result of this cooperative Federal, State, and local effort, enrollments under these programs in vocational evening, part-time, and all-day classes have increased from year to year from 164,000 in 1918 to over 1,100,000 youths and adults of all ages in 1931 and in each of the years following. In the period, 1921 to 1934, some 68,000 physically handicapped dependent persons were vocationally rehabilitated and returned to employment, and at the beginning of the last fiscal year over 37,000 physically handicapped persons were on the rolls of the States in process of rehabilitation. Services rendered to the States during the past year, however, in the several fields of vocational education-agricultural, trade and industrial, commercial, and home economics-and in the field of vocational rehabilitation have dealt largely with emergency activities. under recovery programs.

These activities have included extensive cooperation with emergency agencies for adult education, for relief of unemployment, for rural rehabilitation, for agricultural adjustment, for vocational training of unemployed workers, for safeguarding the welfare of the home in the case of families on relief, and for organizing nursery school centers to care for children in families where the homemaker is employed outside the home. In connection with these activities assistance has been rendered through advising with school officials and emergency agencies, in planning and adapting vocational courses to meet emergency needs-especially in developing emergency education programs for unemployed adults on relief and women in the homes of these workers.

The demands made upon the Federal staff for service in promoting these emergency recovery programs have developed without any cor

responding lessening of the demands for services rendered, year in and year out, in promoting the established going programs of vocational education, and have been met without increase in permanent staff of the Office.

In all fields of vocational education regular services to the States have been continued through the year in visits to schools and teachertraining institutions, in individual and group conferences with State and local administrative staffs, in assisting in the development of State and local programs, and in organizing and conducting the regular annual regional conferences of State supervisors and teachertraining staffs on regional problems in the field of vocational education.

During the year a special survey of vocational teacher training was made for the State of Michigan in which the agricultural, trade and industrial, and home economics services of the Office cooperated. Some specific services rendered in the several fields of vocational education may be briefly noted:

In the field of vocational agriculture.-Members of the Agricultural Education Service of the Office have worked with State supervisors and teacher trainers in setting up definite vocational programs in evening and part-time classes for out-of-school farm youth and adult farmers. The service has cooperated with the Federal Agricultural Adjustment Administration in developing material on agricultural adjustment and financing, and members of the staff have followed up this material in conferences with State supervisors, teacher trainers, and teachers. They have assisted in formulating plans for utilizing the material in all-day, part-time, and evening classes organized to keep farmers informed on new developments. As a result of these efforts instruction of this character has been given to more than 500,000 farmers and farm youth to enable them. to manage their farming operations so as to bring them into better adjustment with changing conditions of agricultural production, marketing, and financing.

Early in the fiscal year the Commissioner of Education brought together a number of State supervisors and teacher trainers in agricultural education for a conference under the direction of the Assistant Commissioner for Vocational Education and the Chief of the Agricultural Education Service, with the objective of organizing the full strength of vocational education forces in agriculture in solving the problem of out-of-school farm youth. The response of State workers was immediate. Many local communities have been surveyed to determine the nature and dimensions of the local outof-school farm youth problem, and many thousands of these youth have been brought together in part-time classes during the year

under regular and special teachers of agriculture to consider their individual problems, and provide training to meet these problems. Individual teachers report services rendered in their respective communities to from 50 to 400 out-of-school youth who have come to them for group instruction and individual assistance. These services have been rendered by teachers who have been carrying their regular full-time teaching loads with crowded schedules. Agents of the Federal staff have followed up and cooperated in promoting this work in the States.

In the field of trade and industrial education.-While the Trade and Industrial Service of the Office has been severely handicapped throughout the year by having one of its special agents assigned to the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, service to the States has been maintained to the greatest possible extent. In view of the reduced personnel some curtailment of the program was necessary, but service to the States was regarded as a matter of first importance, and the principal curtailment has been in the field of studies and investigations, and in the preparation of manuscripts for publication.

During the year special surveys of the need for trade and industrial education were conducted at Tampa, Fla.; in the State of Arizona; and in the city of Portland, Oreg. The Trade and Industrial Education Service cooperated with other services of the Division of Vocational Education in making a special survey of vocational teacher training for the State of Michigan.

In addition to and supplementing the regular work of the regional agents, special field service was rendered in a large number of States. In Virginia a foremanship program was successfully operated at Covington. Instructor training, including demonstrations for instructors and drill masters of fire departments, was conducted at the request of the State departments of education at Concord, N. H., and at Texarkana, Ark.

Special assistance for the improvement of industrial teachertraining programs was given in Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Minnesota, Texas, Wisconsin, Florida, and a number of other States.

In the field of commercial education.-Cooperative service to the States in the field of commercial education has included: Assisting the State of Wisconsin in maintaining conference classes for men in distributive occupations in some 15 cities, and planning for extension of this service to 32 cities of the State, and for appointing full-time itinerant teachers to conduct classes for small-store executives, salespeople, retail grocers, meat dealers, and others in distributive occupations; assisting the State of Missouri in initiating a program of part-time classes for salespeople employed in stores;

assisting the State of Mississippi in developing a part-time program for men in distributive occupations, especially for retailers and their employees in small towns; assisting the State of Massachusetts in planning the program for a commercial department in a vocational school to be carried out under the supervision of the Commercial Service of the Federal Office, with the intention of aiding other schools of the State in establishing similar classes; assisting the State of New York in developing a commercial education program for adults; and assisting the State of Pennsylvania in directing the revision of commercial curricula, and in the preparation of a handbook on organization and administration of commercial education.

In the field of home economics education. In response to requests from the States, the staff of the home economics education service has assisted State departments in setting up programs of in-service training for home-economics teachers, in surveying local conditions and revising home-economics curricula to meet these conditions, and in surveying State programs of teacher training.

The service has worked with State officials and teacher trainers in promoting training for girls who have returned to school because of unemployment. In work for these groups emphasis has been given to the study of homemaking responsibilities through which girls and women can sell their services to others for monetary return. Thus the instruction serves two purposes-to prepare for homemaking and to lead to employment.

The service cooperated with the Women's Work Division of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration in the preparation of material for use by that office.

In conference with State staffs recommendations have been formulated for modifications of day-school programs under the GeorgeEllzey Act, thus making State and Federal funds serve a larger number of girls.

Assistance through regional, State, and local conferences and through preparation of material has been given toward the education of the consumer-buyer.

The staff has participated in conducting conferences of city supervisors in the development of urban home-economics programs.

A national conference of college home-management specialists was called by the Federal service to work on improving the preparation of vocational teachers in the field of home management.

A member of the staff assisted teacher-training institutions through evaluating their programs for graduate studies in the field of home-economics education.

In the field of vocational rehabilitation.-As in preceding years, the Rehabilitation Service has continued to extend to the States

cooperating in vocational rehabilitation such assistance as they needed and requested for the promotion of their work, and the development of more efficient methods of administration and case procedure.

As a part of the general program of assistance to the States, the Federal rehabilitation staff during the past fiscal year made. surveys of the rehabilitation programs in three States-Iowa, Georgia, and Illinois. The reports of these surveys covered in an introductory section basic conditions under which the State rehabilitation department must operate in administration of the work-such as transportation facilities, travel barriers, and topography; geographical distribution of population; social conditions; economic conditions; and rehabilitation and related legislation. A second section of the survey report covered organization of the rehabilitation staff, location and number of district offices, office facilities, functions of the staff, qualifications of personnel, functions of the administrative board, and working agreements with other agencies. A third section dealt with the case-work program-including an analysis of cases rehabilitated, of cases closed as not rehabilitated, and of cases on the live roll at the time of the survey.

Detailed reports of these surveys were submitted to the State officers concerned and, subsequent to submission of the reports, conferences were held with the administrative officers and case-work staff of the States, to discuss the findings and to assist the States in such reorganization of their work as would make for more effective service to the handicapped.

A number of States have requested that similar surveys be made during the current fiscal year.

During the past year special services were requested by a number of the States, and the following services were rendered: Assistance in establishing local programs in Florida at Miami, Tampa, and Jacksonville, and in Ohio at Toledo; assistance in the conduct of State staff conferences in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Ohio, California, Georgia, Oklahoma, and Kentucky; assistance in training new staff workers appointed in expansion of programs in a number of States; assistance to States in the development of supplementary programs of rehabilitation carried on through Federal Emergency Relief funds; assistance in the development of cooperative working relations with employment services in a number of the States; assistance in several of the States in planning and carrying on special studies and investigationssuch as the taking of a census of the disabled in the State, the taking of a census of industries in the State to determine employment opportunities for the disabled, and studies for developing more effective methods of carrying on the rehabilitation work.

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