Sulphur, Donaldsonville, Bayou de Large, Dime, Chandeleur, Bodreau, Shell Beach, St. Bernard, Bonnet Carre, Spanish Fort, Chef Menteur, Toulme, Timbalier, Cheniere Caminada, Lake Felicity, East Delta, West Delta, Breton Island, Forts, Quarantine, Fort Livingston, La Fortuna, Cat Island, Rigolets, Mount Airy, Raccoon Point, Caillou Island, and Marsh Island 15' quadrangles. Contours for 71⁄2' quadrangles within Chef Menteur, Spanish Fort, Bonnet Carre, New Orleans N2, and Hahnville N1⁄2 15' quadrangles (P. W.) completed; contours for St. Bernard NW. quadrangle (P. W.) begun.

Maine. In cooperation with the Public Utilities Commission of Maine, Mars Hill 15' quadrangle continued. Houlton, Burleigh, and Bridgewater Center 15' quadrangles (P. W.) completed; St. Croix 15' quadrangle (P. W.) and Acadia National Park (P. W.) begun.

Maryland.-Patuxent No. 2 E2 and Prince Frederick 15' quadrangles (P. W.) completed; Leonardtown 15' quadrangle (P. W.) begun.

Massachusetts.-In cooperation with the Department of Public Works, Division of Waterways, Wareham, Mount Tom, 71⁄2' Plymouth, Easthampton, and Northampton No. 4 71⁄2' quadrangles completed; Falmouth No. 1 and Northampton No. 1 71⁄2' quadrangles begun. Worcester No. 4 72' quadrangle (P. W.) completed; Webster No. 1 71⁄2' quadrangle (P. W.) begun.

Michigan. Merrill and Sanford 15' quadrangles (P. W.) and Toledo Nos. 1 and 271⁄2 quadrangles (P. W.) completed; Cement City 15' quadrangle (P. W.) continued; Ithaca 15' quadrangle (P. W.) begun.

Minnesota.-Cochrane, Fountain City, Plainview, and Grand Forks 15' quadrangles (P. W.) and Grand Forks No. 1 71⁄2′ quadrangle (P. W.) completed; Rochester 15' quadrangle (P. W.) begun.

Mississippi.-Vicksburg National Military Park (P. W.) completed; Edwards 15' quadrangle (P. W.) continued. Mapping without contours from aerial photographs begun for 71⁄2' quadrangles within Iuka 15' quadrangle (T. V. A.). Missouri.-In cooperation with the Geological Survey and Water Resources of Missouri, Nebo, Berryman, Upalika, Hardin, Greenville, Elsberry, Zanoni, and Linn 15' quadrangles and Versailles 3a, Versailles 3c, Versailles 3d, Versailles 4a, Versailles 4b, Versailles 4c, Versailles 4d, Butler 4c, Butler 4d, Meramec State Park, Jefferson City 2a, Harrisonville 1b, Harrisonville 2a, Springfield 3a, Independence 3c, and Eldon No. 4 71⁄2' quadrangles completed; Stone Hill and Kearney 15' quadrangles continued; Boss, Nevada No. 1, and Knobnoster 15' quadrangles and Stockton 2b, Independence 4d, Butler 3d, Clinton 3c, Warsaw 4d, Harrisonville 1a, Harrisonville 1c, Harrisonville 2c, Harrisonville 2d, Glasgow 4b, and Olathe 1d 71⁄2' quadrangles begun. Armourdale No. 1, Armourdale No. 4, Independence 3a, Independence 4b, and Gravois Mills No. 4 71⁄2' quadrangles (P. W.) completed; Eldon No. 3, Gravois Mills No. 3, Warsaw 1d, Warsaw 3a, Warsaw 4a, Warsaw 4b, Independence 3b, and Versailles 3b 72' quadrangles (P. W.) and Morrison and Sullivan No. 2 15' quadrangle (F. E. R. A.) begun.

Montana.-Dupuyer No. 1 and Dupuyer No. 2 15' quadrangles (P. W.) and Thompson 30' quadrangle (P. W.) completed; Jennings and Silver Tip 30' quadrangles (P. W.) begun.

Nebraska.-Utica, Seward No. 1, and McPaul 15' quadrangles (P. W.) completed; Seward No. 4 15' quadrangle (P. W.) begun.

Nevada. Skelton 30' quadrangle (P. W.) completed; Gold Creek No. 4 15' quadrangle (P. W.) continued; and Washoe district (P. W.) begun.

New Hampshire.-Mount Washington 15' quadrangle (P. W.) completed; Whitefield 15' quadrangle (P. W.) continued.

20481-35-17

New Jersey.-Ramapo No. 4 and Paterson No. 1 72' quadrangles (P. W.) completed; Paterson No. 4 71⁄2' quadrangle (P. W.) begun.

New Mexico.-Arabela No. 3 15′ quadrangle (P. W.), Potash special (P. W.), Albuquerque 4a, Albuquerque 4b, Albuquerque 4c, and Albuquerque 4d 7' quadrangles (F. E. R. A.) completed; Los Lunas 1a 7%1⁄2' qadrangle (F. E. R. A.) and Arabela No. 4 and Hillsboro Peak No. 1 15' quadrangles (P. W.) begun. New York.-Rhinebeck 15' quadrangle completed and Poughkeepsie Nos. 2 and 371⁄2' quadrangles begun, in cooperation with the Department of Public Works of New York. Saratoga No. 3, Saratoga No. 4, Quaker Springs, Castle Creek, and 72' New London 71⁄2' quadrangles (P. W.) completed; Schuylerville No. 4, Binghamton No. 1, and Binghamton No. 71⁄2' quadrangles (P. W.) begun. North Carolina.-Corundum, Banner Elk, and Ranger 15' quadrangles (P. W.) completed; Blowing Rock and Farner 15' quadrangles (P. W.) continued. Mapping without contours from aerial photographs completed for 71⁄2' quadrangles within Hayesville, Hemp, Ranger, Blue Ridge, Blairsville, Erwin, Montreat, Meat Camp, Mountain City, Highlands, Addie, Lake Toxaway, Mount Rogers, and Pattonsville 15′ quadrangles (T. V. A.) and begun for 71⁄2' quadrangles within Tigersville, Edneyville, Arden, Democrat, and Brevard 15' quadrangles (T. V. A.).

North Dakota.-Grand Forks No. 1 71⁄2' quadrangle (P. W.) and Grand Forks, Emerado, and Larimore No. 1 15' quadrangles (P. W.) completed; Larimore No. 2 and McVille 15' quadrangles (P. W.) begun.

Ohio. Toledo No. 1, Toledo No. 2, Toledo No. 3, Toledo No. 4, and Maumee Bay No. 2 71⁄2' quadrangles (P. W.) completed; McClure No. 1 and Swanton No. 4 7' quadrangles (P. W.) begun.

Oklahoma.-Edmond 15' quadrangle (P. W.) and Edmond No. 3 7' quadrangle (P. W.) completed.

Oregon. McKenzie Bridge 30' quadrangle (P. W.) completed; Disston 30' quadrangle (P. W.) and extension of Crater Lake National Park (P. W.) continued.

Pennsylvania.-In cooperation with the Department of Internal Affairs of Pennsylvania, Topographic and Geologic Survey, Allentown and Kane 15' quadrangles completed and Mount Jewett and Sheffield 15' quadrangles begun. Mifflintown 15' quadrangle (P. W.) completed; Needmore and Menno 15′ quadrangles (P. W.) begun. Cultural revision completed for Cameron and Wheeling 15' quadrangles (P. W.).

Rhode Island.-Providence No. 3 72' quadrangle (P. W.) completed.

South Carolina.-Greenville, Killian, Camden, and Wellford 15' quadrangles (P. W.) completed. Mapping without contours from aerial photographs completed for 71⁄2' quadrangles within Timmonsville, Marion, and Florence 15' quadrangles (F. E. R. A.) and begun within Irmo and Fort Motte 15' quadrangles (F. E. R. A.).

South Dakota.-Fort Pierre No. 1 and Van Metre No. 1 15' quadrangles (P. W.) and Wind Cave National Park (P. W.) completed; Oacoma No. 2 15' quadrangle (P. W.) begun.

Tennessee.-Tellico 15' quadrangle (P. W.) completed; Farner 15' quadrangle continued. Mapping without contours from aerial photographs completed for 72' quadrangles within Damascus, Gate City, Elizabeth, Blountville, Robbinsville, Surgoinsville, Small, Sneedville, Johnson City, Grady, Erwin, Meat Camp, Mountain City, Tellico, Wallace, Dandridge, Pattonsville, Mount Rogers, and Hagan 15' quadrangles (T. V. A.) and begun for 72' quadrangles within Gillises Mills, Adamsville, Tate Springs, English Mountain, Straw Plains, Cohutta, Midway, Conasauga, Ooltewah, Rogersville, Newport, and Sevierville 15' quadrangles (T. V. A.).

Texas.-Longview No. 3 15' quadrangle (P. W.) completed; Longview No. 2 and Dumas No. 4 15' quadrangles (P. W.) begun.

Utah. A portion of Salt Lake County (P. W.) completed; Theodore 30' quadrangle (P. W.) continued; Elk Ridge 30' quadrangle (P. W.) begun.

Vermont.-In cooperation with the State geologist of Vermont, Woodsville 15' quadrangle continued. Wolcott 15' quadrangle (P. W.) completed; Wheelock 15' quadrangle (P. W.) begun.

Virginia.-Mount Rogers and Mouth of Wilson 15' quadrangles and Studley 71⁄2' quadrangle completed and Charlottesville and Burkes Garden 15' quadrangles, Midlothian No. 1 and Midlothian No. 4 71⁄2' quadrangles, and Charlottesville special begun in cooperation with the Conservation and Development Commission of Virginia, Geological Survey. Balcony Falls 15' quadrangle (P. W.) and Fredericksburg-Spotsylvania Battlefield National Monument (P. W.) completed; Vesuvius and Amherst 15' quadrangles (P. W.) begun. Mapping without contours from aerial photographs completed for 71⁄2' quadrangles within Carterton, Damascus, Burkes Garden, Marion, Glade Spring, Gate City, Blountville, Rural Retreat, Wise, Robbinsville, Sneedville, Wallace, Mount Rogers, Hagan, Mouth of Wilson, Pound, Coeburn, Whitesburg, Pounding Mill, Big Stone Gap, Richlands, Nolensburg, Bucu, and Pattonsville 15' quadrangles (T. V. A.).

Washington.—Mount Constance, Fort Simcoe, Eatonville, and Metaline 30′ quadrangles (P. W.) and Troutdale 15' quadrangle (F. E. R. A.) completed; Marcus 30' quadrangle (P. W.) begun.

West Virginia.-Cultural revision completed for Richwood, White Sulphur Springs, Lobelia, Clintonville, Cameron, Wheeling, and Clarington 15' quadrangles (P. W.); Steubenville 15' quadrangle (P. W.) begun.

Wisconsin.-Chippewa Falls and Elk Mound 15' quadrangles (P. W.) completed; Osseo and Arkansas 15' quadrangles (P. W.) continued.

Wyoming.-Grand Encampment 30' quadrangle (P. W.) completed; Grand Teton National Park (P. W.) continued; Viola No. 2 15' quadrangle, Daniel W4 72' by 30' quadrangle and Cokeville N1⁄2 30' quadrangle (P. W.) begun. Puerto Rico.-Parguera, Point Cabo Rojo, and Guanica 71⁄2' quadrangles (P. W.) completed; Puerto Real, Sabana Grande, and San German 71⁄2' quadrangles (P. W.) begun.

WATER-RESOURCES BRANCH

The importance of water and of records related to the quality, chemical character, and availability of both surface and ground waters becomes increasingly apparent each year. The growth of the country in population and industry, with consequent increases in demands for water, and especially the continued series of dry years that culminated in the disastrous and widespread drought in 1934 and the recent dust storms throughout the Central West, have served to impress on all the people the controlling importance of water in our surface streams and in underground basins in relation to many of man's activities. The Public Works Administration and related activities have found the information with respect to water to be invaluable in studies of projects of all classes and in all sections of the country and have relied on the records of the Geological Survey as a basis for action on many projects.

Reliable information with respect to these supplies of water and to their fluctuations with variations in rainfall is essential to orderly, stable, and economic development along many lines and, therefore, to the national welfare. The work of the water-resources branch thus assumes a position of great importance in the economic affairs of the Nation.

The investigations by the branch are conducted largely in cooperation with Federal bureaus; State, county, municipal, and other governmental agencies; and permittees and licensees of the Federal Power Commission. A major part of this cooperation is set forth below.

Federal bureaus.-Investigations were conducted for the following Federal bureaus through advance, transfer, or repay of funds:

Department of Agriculture:

Bureau of Agricultural Engineering.

Weather Bureau.

Bureau of Biological Survey.

Soil Conservation Service.

Department of Commerce: Bureau of Air Commerce.
Department of the Interior:

Subsistence Homesteads.

Bureau of Indian Affairs.

Bureau of Reclamation.

National Park Service.

Department of the Navy: Bureau of Yards and Docks.
Department of State.

Department of War: Office of the Chief of Engineers.

Federal Power Commission.

Tennessee Valley Authority.

Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works.

States.-Amounts aggregating $496,909.46 were made available by States and municipalities for cooperative surface- and ground-water investigations. In addition to the results obtained directly from cooperation, it is estimated that data valued at over $115,000 were furnished by cooperating officials.

Permittees and licensees of the Federal Power Commission.-At the request of the Federal Power Commission, 30 engineers of the branch have been designated as representatives of the Commission to perform such field work as may be assigned to them by the Commission. The operation of about 310 gaging stations was conducted by the branch or was performed by permittees and licensees under the supervision of the branch in connection with 129 projects of the Federal Power Commission. Engineers of the branch have had general supervision of operations under permits and licenses of the Federal Power Commission in connection with 132 projects. Examinations and reports on applications for projects have been made for the Commission as requested.

WORK OF THE YEAR, BY DIVISIONS

The division of surface water conducts investigations of surface water, which consist of the measurement of the flow of rivers, conducted in the 48 States, the District of Columbia and Hawaii at selected gaging stations where the volume of water is measured and

records of stage and other data are collected, from which the daily discharge of the rivers is computed. In this work 41 States, the Territory of Hawaii, and several Federal bureaus and individuals cooperated in the maintenance of the 3,022 regular gaging stations that were in service at the end of the year. Records for about 113 additional gaging stations were received, ready for publication, from Federal bureaus and from individuals. There were 37,770 discharge measurements made during the year.

The division of ground water investigates the waters that lie below the surface in the zone of saturation (from which the wells and springs are supplied); the surface, occurrence, quantity, and head of these waters; their conservation; their availability and adequacy for domestic, industrial, irrigation, and public supplies and as watering places for livestock and desert travelers; and the methods of constructing wells and recovering water from them and of improving springs. Each year surveys are made of selected areas where problems of water supply are urgent, and the results are generally published in water-supply papers that include maps showing the ground-water conditions. The investigations relating to the chemical composition of the water are made in cooperation with the division of quality of water. Projects involving large expenditures for drilling wells to develop water supplies are considered each year by the several departments of the United States Government, and the ground-water division is called upon to furnish information and advice on many of these projects. During the fiscal year about 80 investigations relating to ground water and reservoir sites were in progress, and work was done in 32 States and in the Territory of Hawaii, in cooperation with State or local governmental agencies, or on Public Works Administration projects. In the hydrologic laboratory 126 samples of water-bearing material were analyzed.

The division of quality of water analyzes water from surface and underground sources with reference to the suitability of the waters for industrial and agricultural uses and for domestic use (not related to questions of health), so far as such use is affected by the dissolved mineral matter. The analysis (partial or complete) of 1,387 samples of water, including some for nearly all the studies of ground water in the different States, was completed during the year.

The work of the division of power resources comprised the preparation of monthly and annual reports on the production of electricity for public use and the consumption of fuel in generating the electricity reported. The monthly reports also include, through cooperation with the Bureau of Mines, comparative figures of the stocks of bituminous and anthracite coal on hand at electric public