Understanding Reforms in Nepal: Political Economy and Institutional Perspective

Acharya agriculture sector areas budget commercial banks competitiveness constitution cost countries Dalit democracy democratic deregulation despite Development Bank development expenditure ecological belts effect election employment enhancing ensure exchange rate exports factors farmers fertilizer financial sector fiscal households implementation imports income increased India Indian Rupee industries informal sector infrastructure initiated institutions internal International Monetary Fund irrigation Kathmandu labor land reform liberalisation literacy loan macroeconomic major manufacturing Maoist Ministry monetary Nepal Nepal Rastra Bank Nepalese non-agriculture sector organisations panchayat parliament pattern percent of GDP period phase of reform political parties poor population private sector privatisation problems productivity programme promoting quintile ratio reform process Region rent seeking result revenue role rural second phase share Similarly social society Source stakeholders Structural Adjustment subsidy Survey Table Tarai targeted tariff trade UNDP urban various World Bank