Man, a Geomorphological Agent: An Introduction to Anthropic Geomorphology |
Contents
Man and Forest | 15 |
Destruction of Forest by Fire | 17 |
Clearing of Forest by Cutting | 18 |
Biostasy versus Rhexistasy | 21 |
CHANGE OF SOIL PROFILE BY FOREST CLEARING | 23 |
Effects of Vegetation Clearing on The Soil Salinity | 24 |
Accelerate Laterization | 25 |
EROSION IN DEFORESTED AREAS | 27 |
BRIDGES | 84 |
AIRFIELDS AND AIRPORTS | 86 |
WATERWAYS | 87 |
Erosion of Canal Banks | 89 |
PIPELINES | 90 |
Riverbed Management | 93 |
Dikes and Levees | 94 |
Shortening Rivers by Channels | 95 |
Effects of Deforestation on the Erosion of Slopes | 28 |
DEFORESTATION AND SEDIMENTATION | 30 |
Pasture and Grazing | 33 |
PROBLEMS OF OVERGRAZING | 34 |
GEOMORPHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF OVERGRAZING | 35 |
Geomorphology of Agriculture | 37 |
TECHNIQUES OF SOIL CULTIVATION | 38 |
Terracing | 40 |
THE GEOMORPHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION | 49 |
Subsidence of Soil as a Result of Water Extraction | 50 |
Changes in Sediment Transportation and in Rivers Regime | 51 |
EFFECTS OF DRAINAGE ON GEOMORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES | 52 |
EROSION OF TILLED SOIL | 54 |
The SoilLoss Equation | 56 |
Wind Erosion of Tilled Soils | 57 |
Tilled Soil and Frost Morphology | 58 |
Some Estimates of the Rate of Soil Erosion | 59 |
Control of Gullies | 61 |
Mining and its Implications | 63 |
OPEN PIT AND STRIP MINING | 64 |
Effects of Dredging for Washing of Goldbearing Deposits | 67 |
THE EFFECTS OF SUBSURFACE MINING | 68 |
The Impact of Injecting Liquids into the Ground | 69 |
POTENTIAL INSTABILITY OF ARTIFICIAL SLOPES | 71 |
RECLAMATION OF DERELICT LAND | 72 |
Uses of the Reclaimed Areas | 73 |
Means of Transportation | 75 |
Geomorphological Effects of Road Building | 76 |
Erosion by Highways | 82 |
RAILWAYS | 83 |
DAMS | 96 |
Dams as Factors of Accelerated Erosion | 97 |
Dams Influence on the Distribution of Sediment | 98 |
CHANGES OF WATER COURSES AND SEDIMENTATION RATES | 102 |
Shore Management | 103 |
PROTECTION OF COASTS AGAINST EROSION | 104 |
Coast Protection by Improvement of the Dunes | 106 |
HARBORS | 107 |
RECLAMATION OF LAND FROM THE SEA | 108 |
Reclamation of Land from the Sea in The Netherlands | 109 |
Geomorphology of Settlement | 113 |
Manmade Changes in Urban Topography | 114 |
Stages in the Environmental Impact of Builtup Areas | 117 |
MORPHOLOGY OF THE CONSTRUCTION PERIOD | 120 |
Sedimentation | 121 |
GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE DEVELOPED URBAN ENVIRONMENT | 124 |
Erosion and Sedimentation | 127 |
Hydrology of Developed Urban Environment | 128 |
GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF URBAN AREAS | 130 |
In Conclusion | 131 |
RATES OF ANTHROPOGEOMORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES | 132 |
TOWARDS A MODEL IN ANTHROPOGEOMORPHOLOGY | 134 |
The Degree of Development | 135 |
The Degree of Perception | 136 |
A Quantitative Measure of Mans Influence on the AGP | 138 |
Integration of the Human and the Environmental Factors | 139 |
The Influence of Warfare | 143 |
| 145 | |
Index | 157 |
Common terms and phrases
accelerated erosion activity agricultural annual anthropic geomorphology anthropogeomorphological processes Appletreewick average Basin building canal caused century channel climate construction contour ploughing countries cover cultivation decrease deforestation density destruction dikes discharge drainage dunes environment environmental equilibrium eroded estimated factor flood forest clearing geomorphological geomorphological processes gravel grazing groynes gullies hectares highway human intervention impact increase influence irrigation Israel Jean Gottmann km² Lake land land reclamation landscape landslides Legget lynchet man-made Man's intervention Marsh material Mediterranean meters million m³ million tons occurred open pit mining overgrazing paved period permafrost rail track rainfall rate of erosion reclamation region reservoir result river road runoff salinity salt sand Seaburn sediment load semiarid settlement Sherlock silt soil erosion soil salinity Statistical Yearbook steady steep slopes Strahler stream subsidence terracing tombolo topography tractors United Kingdom urban areas vegetation volume waterfall effect watershed Zuiderzee
Popular passages
Page 5 - As to the encroachment of the sea on various parts of the coast of the United Kingdom and the damage which has been, or is likely to be, caused thereby, and what measures are desirable for the prevention of such damage...
Page 5 - Turkey, which centuries ago had been an exporter of cereals, turned at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries into a net importer of wheat.
Page 11 - ... natural inclination of the ground, the self-formed slopes and levels, are generally such as best secure the stability of the soil. They have been graded and lowered or elevated by frost and chemical forces and gravitation and the flow of water and vegetable deposit and the action of the winds, until, by a general compensation of conflicting forces, a condition of equilibrium has been reached which, without the action of man, would remain, with little fluctuation, for countless ages.
Page 11 - Nature, left undisturbed, so fashions her territory as to give it almost unchanging permanence of form, outline, and proportion, except when shattered by geologic convulsions ; and in these comparatively rare cases of derangement, she sets herself at once to repair the superficial damage, and to restore, as nearly as practicable, the former aspect of her dominion.
Page 14 - Expenditure on prevention of illness is soon repaid with large interest; stupid ignorance or wilful neglect of this important duty means unnecessary wasteful extravagance as well as loss of...
