There are also two of Samian ware. A friend who was with me unfortunately rubbed one of these while still wet, and so obliterated the name of the maker. Another of a more elegant shape bears the inscription ALBVCI.OF. The name of this potter is met with not unfrequently, and appears, I believe, on some Roman pottery which was found at Chesterford some years ago. "The site of this discovery appears to have been an old Roman burialplace, and the soil was sandy; a few months before some Roman pewter dishes were found in Stretham parish, about a mile distant from this spot, which I shall be happy to show at some future time. Some similar dishes were found a few years ago at Sutton in the Isle, and there are others in the museum at Ely." Prof. Babington said that the Roman remains exhibited by Mr Pigot were very interesting to him, as they strongly confirmed his idea that a Roman way went along the ridge by Wicken to Barway, and then crossed the river to Thetford in the Isle of Ely. A paper written by Mr J. Rickard on a large number of Palaeolithic implements collected by the writer in South Africa, was read by Mr Griffith, and a fine selection of the implements exhibited. (The publication of this paper is unavoidably deferred.) Mr W. White read a paper entitled 'Suggestions as to the origin of the so-called Rubbish Pits, which are commonly found associated with Roman remains'. He endeavoured to show by the size and shape of the pits, and the care there had evidently been in forming them, the great depth of some of them and the nearness to one another, as also from the similarity of the earth in them wherever situated, and their contents being of the same character, that they were not rubbish pits. He next showed that the Greeks after burning the body on the funeral pyre, collected the bones in urns, and then raised mounds of earth over the debris of the pyre, and that the Romans after the time of Sulla followed the Greek fashion, burning the body with great pomp, casting on the pyre dishes of meats, cups of oil, &c. They also carefully collected the bones. But what, he asked, became of the ashes, &c., of the funeral pyre? He suggested that these pits were the receptacles of the debris of the funeral pyre, and thus we found in them all things that were cast upon the fire. In this way he believed the Samian dishes and bowls came into these pits, together with the various ornaments used both by men and by women. He thought it not improbable that the dishes, bowls, and other ware having been once offered to the gods, were broken that they might not be used for secular purposes. The few coins that were found were, in his opinion, the coins placed in the mouths of the corpses to pay old Charon his fare, whilst the various bones of animals were all such as might have been offered to one or other of the gods; and what he thought tended to confirm his opinion was, that all these things showed, more or less, the marks of fire. Mr White thought it very probable that after the introduction of Christianity and the consequent disuse of the rite of cremation, these pits, which up to that time had been held sacred, were no longer considered so, and were used for secular purposes. February 28, 1881. Professor Hughes, F.S.A., President, in the chair. The following new Members were elected : Rev. H. E. Savage, M.A., Corpus Christi College. The meeting was then made special for the consideration of the Revised Laws of the Society, which were adopted with a few verbal alterations. Professor Hughes exhibited and described some felstone implements which he had recently found in a cave in the valley of the Elwy, North Wales, where they were associated with the remains of Rhinoceros hemitoechus, Ursus spelaeus, Hyaena spelaea, &c. The point to which he called attention as of chief interest was that the felsites and compact felspathic ash, of which the implements were formed, did not occur in the basin of the Elwy, but were common in the drift which had travelled from the west over the watershed. The character of the undressed portions of the implements confirmed the view that they were procured from the drift or the gravel derived from the drift, and therefore were post-glacial. Professor Hughes, after a short review of what is known of the ancient tribes of North Wales, in which he suggested that the men of Ardudwy might be the Ordovices (mentioned by Tacitus in the Annals and Agricola), and pointed out the district which local names assign to the Gwyddelod, gave a sketch of the various kinds of hill forts which occur on the borders of North Wales. These, he said, fell into two groups : A. There was no masonry in the proper sense of the word in any of the hill forts referred to: that is to say, there was no mortar or cement of C. A. S. 1880--81. b any kind, nor any walling of stones dressed so as to fit together. But there was in some cases: i. A rude wall formed by building up rough stones. These walls have generally been demolished either on purpose or by the accidents of time, so that they present the appearance of long continuous lines of rough stones heaped up as if thrown by hand to get the stones out of the way. But sometimes the loose stones of the upper part have preserved some of the rude walling near the base, and it is seen to vary according to the forms into which the rock used naturally breaks. ii. A still more common kind of stone rampart formed by placing two rows of slabs on edge about 4 to 6 feet apart, and filling the interval with rubble of smaller stones. B. The earth-works consisted of one or more lines of fosse and vallum, always conforming to the shape of the ground and ceasing where a precipice or other natural defence rendered them unnecessary. Sometimes there was a combination of the second class of stone-works with the earth-works, and the author offered some remarks as to the probable relative age of the several works. He further pointed out the geographical distribution and local names of the principal camps on the borders. Mr Lewis exhibited on behalf of Mr Naylor, who was unavoidably absent, a chalice, which he had lately purchased in Norwich: it had belonged to the parish of Rockland in that neighbourhood (the church has long been in ruins), and bears the legend SENT TANDROVS × OF × ROCKLAND × X It was considered to be of foreign (perhaps German) manufacture, and of the sixteenth century. The curious form TANDROVS (for Andrew) was illustrated by such words as tawdry, Tibbs and Tooley, which are derived from St Etheldreda, St Ebbe and St Olave respectively. By the kind permission of the Vicar and Churchwardens of the parish of St Andrew the Great in Cambridge, their similar, but much more highly ornamented, chalice was also exhibited; it bears the legend: THIS FOR ✶ SENT * TANDROS * PARES * On the top of the cover is the date, 1569. A paper by Mr C. W. King upon the Roman method of striking medallions was communicated by Mr Lewis, and ordered to be printed. (See Communications, Vol. V. No. III.) March 14, 1881. Professor Hughes, F.S.A., President, in the chair, The following new Members were elected : A. Beverley, Esq., St John's College. G. W. Fitch, Esq., Regent Street. A. Story-Maskelyne, Esq., King's College. Mr Griffith communicated notes on a series of neoliths collected in Cape Colony and the Diamond Fields by Mr J. Rickard, now resident in Cambridge, who exhibited a large and valuable collection of them. (The publication of this paper is unavoidably deferred.) Mr W. W. Cordeaux exhibited an Anglo-Saxon fibula-mould, which had been found at Lincoln during the latter end of last year; it seems to have been formed from a concretionary nodule found in the Kimmeridge clay. The shape of the mould seems to suggest that it was used for the purpose of embossing and not for casting; this was tried with tin-foil and succeeded perfectly. The design consists of a central box divided into four portions by a raised and beaded cross decorated with a circular ornament at the junction of the arms. Each of the four spaces between the cross arms is filled up by lines bisecting them with other lines projecting at an acute angle from them. Round the box is a beaded circle, then comes another circle with dog-tooth ornamentation, and lastly an outer beaded circle. Mr Lewis exhibited an unpublished small bronze coin of Nicaea in Bithynia bearing on the reverse the portrait of Homer. (See Communications, Vol. V. No. IV.) Mr Lewis exhibited a drawing also, which Mr Redfarn had kindly made from photographs to the size of the original (4 ft. 5 in. high) of the statue of ATHENA Nikephoros, which was discovered on the 30th of December, 1880, at Athens in the ruins of an old Roman house on the northern side of the Bapẞáketov Lyceum,-and thus close to the northern boundary of the ancient city. The figure is of white marble from the northern side of Pentelikos, and is armed with helmet, shield and aegis; it was found lying on its face at the depth of about 2 ft. 6 in., and had been covered by a vaulting of tiles, which had doubtless been so arranged when it was first buried. Traces of colour are still visible on the helmet's plume, on the eyes of the serpent which serves the goddess as a girdle, on the wings of the Gorgon-head, on her shield and elsewhere. There is nothing to indicate a lance; but from the exact coincidence in nearly every other detail with the account given by Pausanias it may be fairly inferred that we have in this statue a reduction from the great chrysclephantine statue of the Virgin Goddess by Pheidias, which was the chief glory of the Parthenon. The offer of 500 drachmae on the part of the municipality has still failed to bring to light the only missing part of this noble sculpture, the head of the Victory which, with wings half folded, alights on the goddess's right hand and offers a garland, doubtless to the city of Athens. The whole group may probably be attributed to the first century of our era. May 16, 1881. Professor Hughes, F.S.A., President, in the chair. The following new Members were elected: Rev. A. J. C. Allen, B.A., Peterhouse. Rev. Prebendary G. B. Blenkin, M. A., Corpus Christi College. W. W. Boreham, Esq., F.R.A.S., Haverhill. Rev. A. H. F. Boughey, M. A., Trinity College. F. C. Chambers, Esq., Trinity College. Sir Patrick Colquhoun, LL.D., Q.C., St John's College. A. Gray, Esq., M. A., Jesus College. T. C. Hughes, Esq., Pembroke College. Rev. P. H. Mason, M.A., St John's College. Rev. J. Sedgwick, D.D., Birdbrook Rectory, Halstead. Mr Jenkinson gave a preliminary notice of excavations in the Roman and Saxon cemetery at Girton College, and exhibited specimens of the objects discovered. The Saxon remains consisted chiefly of sepulchral urns, which were generally highly ornamented with bosses and cord-like patterns in relief, and the usual annular, decussate, stellate, etc., marks produced by stamps. In the urns were found burnt human bones, with fibulae, beads, etc., much injured by fire, and bone combs or pieces of comb which, as well as the bronze tweezers which sometimes occurred with them, showed no signs of burning. About forty graves had been explored; the objects found were mostly of the usual character. Sixteen fibulae had occurred; three graves had yielded three apiece. Beads of glass, mostly blue, of amber, and of pottery more or less vitreous occurred numerously in five graves; scantily in a few others. Bronze clasps of bracelets were on the wrists of three skeletons, and in one case the gilt metal ornaments and tag of a girdle were found. A bronze pin, a bronze ring, bronze tweezers and ear-pick, a spiral bronze finger-ring, and a bronze-hooped wooden bucket were the other things found, to which must be added a dozen iron knives and one or two iron buckles. Three bodies had spear-heads at the right shoulder; one had a |