He recommended to his son Mr J. F. Bateman, of St John's College, that two of them should be sent to his own University, while the third is to be built into the wall of a church in Suffolk with which he was connected. (2) On a red jasper intaglio from Smyrna in the possession of the Rev. S. S. Lewis. The red jasper intaglio in the possession of Mr Lewis has the one great advantage as far as the possibility of its identification is concerned, namely, that what is now technically called its provenance is known. It comes from Smyrna. To an archæologist the place at once suggests the two Nemeses of Smyrna in the two female figures. The other (male) figure of an archaic type, strangely archaic in contrast to the female figures, is evidently an Apollo with the bow in the one hand and the deer on the other, and recalls most distinctly the famous type of the Didymaean Apollo from his oracle of the Branchidae near Miletus. It is well known that the famous sculptor, Kanachos of Sikyon, who marks the period of transition from archaic art to highest freedom, was the sculptor of the colossal bronze statue of Apollo in the temple of the Didymaean Apollo at Miletus. This statue was stolen (it is not quite certain whether by Darius in 493 B.C. or by Xerxes in 474 B.C.), and was returned to the oracle and temple by Seleukos Nikator. He held a bow and a stag, and by some ingenious mechanical contrivance the stag was moveable. The next question is-what is the connexion between this archaic sacred image of Apollo and the figures of the Nemeses of Smyrna ? The history of Smyrna will give us the answer. The foundation of Smyrna goes back to the earliest times of the Ionian migration, and was according to Strabo a part of an Ephesian settlement. Herodotus considers Smyrna an Aeolian settlement. The colonists had to struggle hard to maintain their independence, especially against the Lydians. It was after Alexander the Great that the Smyrna whose ruins are still visible on the hill was founded, the inhabitants migrating from the ancient town to this site. The cause of the migration is to be found in the story as related by Pausanias VII. v. 1. "The city of Smyrna, which was among the Aeolian cities, and which stood on the site which even in our days is called the old town, was taken from the Aeolians by the Ionians of Kolophon. Some time after this the Ionians took the Smyrnaeans into their league. The new city was built by Alexander the son of Philip" (it was really begun by Antigonus, and completed by Lysimachus), "urged to this step by a dream. For as he was hunting on Mount Pagus, he is reported to have come to the temple of the Nemeses, where he found a spring of water, and a plane-tree before the temple, growing by the water's side. Here he fell asleep. In his dream there appeared to him the goddesses, who ordered him to build a town on that spot and bring thither the inhabitants of Smyrna. The Smyrnæans sent ambassadors to the oracle of Klaros to get counsel concerning this charge, and received this answer. "Thrice and four times happy will those be who shall inhabit the Pagus beyond the river Meles.' They gladly changed their dwelling and have since worshipped two Nemeses instead of They consider them daughters of Night; while the Athenians say that the father of the goddess of Rhamnous is Okeanos." one. The part which the oracular Apollo played is evident: but this is the type of the Klarian Apollo, while the gem seems to relate to a consultation of the Didymaean Apollo. One possibility is that a union of two cities (Miletus and Smyrna) is represented. This I believe to be less probable, though it is possible. A bronze coin of Smyrna, illustrating Alexander's dream, was exhibited, and several coins shewing two Nemeses. Mr Reade's account of a Roman Villa near Yatton was postponed for want of time. II. LIST OF COUNCIL ELECTED MAY 26, 1884. President. JOHN WILLIS CLARK, Esq., M.A., Trinity College, Superintendent of the Museums of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy. Vice-Presidents. Rev. HENRY RICHARDS LUARD, D.D., Trinity College, University Registrary. Rev. ROBERT BURN, M.A., Trinity College, Trinity Praelector in Roman Literature and Archaeology. GEORGE MURRAY HUMPHRY, Esq., M.D., F.R.S., Downing College, Professor of Surgery. Treasurer. WILLIAM MILNER FAWCETT, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., Jesus College. Secretary and Librarian. Rev. SAMUEL SAVAGE LEWIS, M.A., F.S.A., Corpus Christi College. Ordinary Members of Council. THOMAS MCKENNY HUGHES, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., Trinity College, FRANCIS JOHN HENRY JENKINSON, Esq., M.A., Trinity College. Rev. GEORGE FORREST BROWNE, B.D., St Catharine's College. ALFRED PAGET HUMPHRY, Esq., M.A., Trinity College, Esquire NORMAN CAPPER HARDCASTLE, Esq., M.A., LL.M., Downing College. CHARLES CARDALE BABINGTON, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., St John's College, Professor of Botany. Rev. WALTER WILLIAM SKEAT, M.A., Christ's College, Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon. ALEXANDER MACALISTER, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., St John's College, Professor of Anatomy. Auditors. F. C. WACE, Esq., M.A. SWANN HURRELL, Esq. Excursion Secretary. NORMAN CAPPER HARDCASTLE, Esq., M.A., LL.M., Downing College. IV. LIST OF PRESENTS RECEIVED DURING THE YEAR ENDING MAY 26, 1884. ANTIQUITIES, &c. From Edwin A. Barber, Esq., Philadelphia: Nine specimens of Pueblo pottery found among the stone ruins of southern Utah. From Mr J. Giles, Caxton: Two mill-stones, upper and nether; the former (10 in. diameter) found at Caldicote, the latter (9 in. diameter) at Caxton. From Mr H. Stear, Saffron Walden: A flint implement (probably spurious), and a one-handled earthenware jug, six inches high, and bearing traces of a yellow glaze, found at Fen Ditton in this county. From Mr A. H. Williams (St John's): Some glass beads, an iron blade, and two bronze fibulae, which he had found last October (1883) at a depth of about two feet in a chalk-pit in Londesborough Park, Yorkshire. BOOKS. A. From various donors: From the Indian Rights Association (Philadelphia, U.S.A.) : Report of a visit to the Great Sioux Reserve, by Herbert Welsh. 4to. From the Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta: Catalogue and Hand-book of the Archaeological Collections in the Indian Museum. From H. Phillips, Esq., Ph.D., Philadelphia, Honorary Member: A packet of American Ballads. Brief Account of the chief Archaeological Collections in the United States. Dy the Donor. |