TOWER ON GLASTONBURY TOR.

Over the old Town of Glastonbury rises the Tor, crowned by its ruined tower, characterized by many of the features of the numerous Somersetshire churches, perhaps, heavier as a whole than most of them. In the town of Glastonbury there are two of finer design, and far more elegant in their elevation than this one. The tower, however, upon the summit of Glastonbury Tor is remarkable as standing alone, unconnected with any church, nor could I find any traces of one in former time; probably, the tower was used for other purposes than those in the town, which would suffice for all ecclesiastical uses.

The principal elevation of the Tower is enriched with two courses of niches and double windows, with inserted blocks of sculpture. The door is worthy of notice for its proportions, which are considering its style, remarkably good. Above it, on either side is a sculpture, one is represented in the annexed sketch a female saint is apparently in the act of milking a cow: a very unlikely position for the representation of a saint, and it is the strangeness of this circumstance that induces me to forward this query.

What saint may this be? Is there any story connected with this carving? Its fellow on the other side of the arch, apparently represents the Last Judgment, and the avenging angel weighing in the scales of Justice, the wicked against the good. I have some recollection of hearing a legend which is told about this solitary tower, but I should feel much obliged to any of your Correspondents who may have met with it, refreshing my memory on the point.

T. H. PATTISON.

Hearne quoting the monkish annalists, states that the Saints Phaganus and Dervianus founded an oratory to St. Michael on this mound, and that St. Patrick, who came hither from Ireland in A.D. 439, finding it in a ruined condition, restored it, placing therein two holy men Arnulphus and Ogwar, two Irish monks whom he brought from Ireland. St. Patrick having repaired St. Michael's chapel on the top of the Torr, which from this time, if I mistake not, was called, the Hill of St. Michael, or St. Michael's Mount, to the time of the Reformation, after which, I conceive it was called the Torr, from the tower, the only part of the Chapel now left standing. Hearne further notices - The ruinous Tower still there standing, may be seen many miles round the Countrey, and strikes a man still with a kind of awe and devotion.t

the archangel, which was reedified by St. Patrick, and These abbots enbeautified by some of his successors. larged upon the original plan, and built here not only a large and elegant church and monastery, designated the monastery of St. Michael de Torre in the isle of Glaston, but also other buildings, dwelling houses and offices, and obtained many grants of privileges from several of the kings. The whole of the buildings which had been erected on this hill by several abbots at a vast expense, the labour being very great to carry materials up the immense ascent, were totally destroyed by the earthquake which happened in 1271, but afterwards more splendidly rebuilt, and that church erected, of which the tower remains, an object of admiration to travellers, and an ornament to the surrounding country. At the west end of it, is carved the figure of Scales, in one of which is the Bible; in the other a devil, and St. Michael the archangel, holding in his hand a pair of another devil hanging on in the endeavour to make weight, but are both too light. The Tower of St. Michael, as well as King Alfred's tower at Stourton, were both the property of the late Sir Richard Colt Hoare, who contributed the plate to Collinson's History, in which these two Towers are admirably represented.

Hearne, p. 48, with more probability affirms-'the dreadful earthquake that threw down St. Michael's church upon the Torr, happened on the 11th day of September, 1276.' He adds-This church beyond all dispute was again built, since the editors of the Monasticon, in the account they give us of Glastonbury, say, that the church upon the Torr, fell

in King Henry the Eighth's days with the abbey. These appear to have been granted by King Edward the Sixth on June 4, 1550, in consideration of his petition, and the advice of his counsel, to Edward Seymour Duke of Somerset, to support his dignity. He doubtless sold the materials, with the exception of the Tower.

Neither Hearne or Collinson suggest any elucidation of the questioned figure submitted by our Correspondent.

THE BOOK TRADE IN NEW YORK.

There is scarcely a publisher,' the New York Life Illustrated states; who has escaped from the list of failed or suspended.' We may name without discredit, the following: Harper and Brothers; J. H. Colton and Co.; H. Crosserthwaite and Co.; John P. Jewett and Co.; J. S. Redfield; Philip J. Cozzens; Miller; Orton and Co.; Richard Marsh; J. M. Emerson and Co.; Miller and Curtis; Bangs, Brother and Co.; G. P. Putnam and Co.; Sandford and Swords; H. W. Derby and Co.; Fowlers and Wells; and others, who found it impossible to meet their engagements during this unprecedented panic which so completely deranged the currency throughout the whole country.

• History and Antiquities of Glastonbury, 8vo. 1720, p. 18. + Ib. p. 107:

• History and Antiquities of Somerset, 1791, vol. ii. p. 265.

Birkenhead, Nov. 10.

A. F. None, although persons who should be better informed seem willing to retain this 'popularly received notion.' A magistrate of the county of Chester having taken it into his head that such was the law of settlement, sent from Chester a wanderer of that description who had been born at sea' to Stepney for his future support. The parish early in 1813 moved the Court of King's Bench for a criminal information against him for an ignorant abuse of power; Lord Ellenborough, however, refused the rule, but directed the overseers to prosecute by indictment.

The general use of Coffee by the Arabians and Turks made it a trade in great towns, and the drinkers required it stronger and stronger, till some would take whole spoonfuls of the oil, that swims on the top, as our great drinkers arrive from wine to brandy, and from thence to more burning spirits. Into publick houses where they sold this liquor the people would come by hundreds, and among them strangers would venture, where they learned the custom, and carried it to their own countries; for one Rastall, whom I knew, and within these few days I saw, went, in 1651, to Leghorn, and there found a Coffee-house.

To the same house of merchandise, where this Rastall was, came, in 1652, Mr. Daniel Edwards, a merchant from Smyrna, where coffee had been used immemorially, and brought with him a Greek servant, named Pasqua, who made his coffee, of which he drank two or three dishes at a time, twice or thrice a-day. In that year Edwards came over-land to England, and married the daughter of Alderman Hodges, who lived in Walbrook, and there with delight they drank coffee together; and this Edwards was the first I can learn who brought the use of coffee hither, except it was Dr. Harvey, the famous inventor of the circulation of the blood, who, as some say, did frequently use it. After this, Edwards set up Pasqua as a Coffee-man in a shed in the churchyard in St. Michael, Cornhill, which is now a scrivener's brave house, where, having great custom, the ale sellers petitioned the Lord Mayor against him, as being no freeman. This made Alderman Hodges join his coachman, Bowman, who was free, as Pasqua's partner, and thus Rastall found them in 1654; but Pasqua for some misdemeanour was forced to run the country, and Bowman by his trade, and a contribution of one thousand sixpences, turned the shed to a house. Bowman's apprentices were first, John Painter, then Humphrey, from whose wife I had this account.

How long this drink has been in the world is hard to say, but the English edition of Tavernier's Travels says it had been in use but twenty years, although the author says six score years. Dr. Beveridge, I am informed, has an Arabick book that says a hermite drank it, and called it bun.

This is the best history I can learn of the original of Coffee houses.

In another paper, Friday, No. 461, May 23, 1701, the writer continues:

The use of Coffee has greatly increased the trade of Tobacco and Pipes, Earthen-dishes, Tin-wares, News-papers, Coals, Candles, Sugar, Ten, Chocolate, and what not ? It's probable there are few trades in London that employ more houses and pay greater rents. Coffee-houses make all sorts of people sociable; the rich and the poor meet together, as also do the learned and unlearned. Arts, mer

chandize, and all other knowledge are improved, for here an inquisitive man, who aims at good learning, may get more in an evening than he shall by books in a month. He may find out such Coffee-houses where men frequent who are studions in such matters as his enquiry tends to, and he may in a short space gain the pith and marrow of the other's reading and studies. I have heard a worthy friend of mine, now departed, who was of good learning, and had a very good esteem for the Universities, and they for him, say, He did think that Coffee-houses had improved useful knowledge, and he spoke in no way of slight to them. They are both best, but I must confess that he who has been well educated in the schools is the fittest man to make good use of Coffee-houses, and am fearful that too many make ill uses of them. JOHN HOUGHTON, F.R.S.

MICAT INTER OMNES!

Collectors of Rare etchings, will doubtless remember one of a Cat's face,' of no particular merit, but the prints are impressions taken from the cover of an old silver tankard that had acquired interest by some former possessor, and was presented by the distinguished amateur the late Mr. George Baker, laceman, of St. Paul's Churchyard, to a club of artistic friends, who originally held their meetings at the Coach and Horses, in Castle Street, Leicester Square; and later, at Mills's Coffee House, Gerrard Street, Soho. These 'Cat's head' impressions are extremely rare, and were a sort of diploma to the members of the club-a new member had one presented to him; and on the back of a print, the writer once found the following enumeration of the names and qualities of some few of the persons who constituted this club.

Giuseppe Marchi, Sir Joshua Reynolds' first pupil, he occupied the head of the table, as Lord President. Thomas Hearne, as Vice President; both very regular in attendance.

George Baker, of St. Paul's Churchyard.
Tassaert, and

Michael Bryan, both picture dealers.

Radcliffe, husband of Mrs. R., authoress of 'Udolpho.' Pack, an artist.

Turton [Qu. Trotter, Army-clothier, Soho Square?] Milbourne, an artist.

Peter Coxe, auctioneer, author of the Social Day.' Dickens, Comptroller of Stationary Office.

John Edmonds, Old Compton Street. [He died in 1828, at his residence, Queen's Row, Chelsea, and his extensive collection of Engravings and Drawings was sold by Christie and Manson.]

Edridge, artist, Margaret Street, Cavendish Square. Joe Munden, Comedian.

Wm. Alexander, Draughtsman at Marlow College,

1802.

All are gone, and the noise of revelry has ceased. The thrill of joy which enhanced the merry meetings of the social brotherhood has long since been hushed in the stillness of the grave. Poor Christopher Pack! the writer knew him well. His portraits in Sir Joshua's manner were excellent, and his copies of that artist

would pass for the original; still, painting had done but little towards his independence in old age. He always spoke with elate pride of his association with Sir Joshua, and was one of those who attended his funeral in St. Paul's Cathedral. In 1835, the writer visited him, in a first floor at 20, Hadlow Street, Burton Crescent; his unframed canvases hung about the room, while his wife, in the last stage of dropsy, of vast bulk, lay senselessly extended on large pillows. When she died the writer failed to notice, though often earnestly requested by Pack to visit him: we met frequently at the house of a common friend. Pack had long ceased to paint, but practised for a maintenance as a chiropodist; his appearance, in a man of his age, was at once elegant and prepossessing, in person erect, tall and thin, nose aquiline, his hair snow white was long and full, his black attire, was of the best cloth, glossy and bright; a black velvet vest, and silk stockings; and his beaver with broad brim of the first quality. He died in 1841, in the ninety-first year of his age.

The man who stopped the King' was a cognomen given to Robert Sleath, toll-taker at the turn-pike gate, at Worcester, when King George the Third in the summer of 1788, visited Bishop Hurd, at Hartlebury. Sleath resolutely resisted the passing of any one of the King's retinue without payment of the toll, and was constantly afterward recognized by that appellation. He died in Birmingham, in November, 1805, when his death occasioned the following impromptu : —

On Wednesday last, old Robert Sleath,
Pass'd thro' the Turnpike gate of Death:
To him, Death would no toll abate,

Who stopped the King at Wor'ster-gate.

Dictionaries are like watches, the worst is better than none, and the best cannot be expected to go quite true. It is enough that a Dictionary is better than others of the same kind. A perfect performance of any kind is not to be expected, and certainly not a perfect Dictionary.

Dr. Johnson.

MARK OF WILLIAM GREVEL OF CAMPDEN.

William Grevel, Woolmerchant, of Campden, who rebuilt Campden Church, co. Gloucester, lent to King Richard the second two hundred marks, on a promise of repayment at the ensuing Easter, 1398. He purchased in the same year, of Sir Walter Beauchamp, Knt., the manor of Millcote, and obtained a release of the same from William de Peto, Nov. 5, 1398. In 1400-1, 2 Henry IV., he entailed that estate by fine on the heirs male of Joan his then wife, sister and heir to Sir Philip Thornbury, Knt.; and for want of such issue to John and Lodowick, his sons by his first wife.

On a brass in Chipping-Campden Church, are depicted the effigies of this William Grevel and his first wife, Margaret, in the costume of civilians, under a double canopy, the central shaft of which passes between them. In the central spandrils of the canopy, this mark occurs; and between the finials of the canopies and their flanking pinnacles, are four shields, each charged with these arms-Sable, on a cross engrailed Or, five pellets within a bordure engrailed of the second: a mullet of the second in the dexter quarter, for difference. The whole has on the verge the following inscription

Hic jacet Wilelmus Grevel de Campdene quondam Civis London et flos m'cator' lanar' tocius Anglie qui obiit primo die mens' Octobris Ano dni Millmo cccco. primo+Hic jacet Mariona uxor predicti Wilelmi que obiit Decimo die mensis Septembris Anno dni Millmo ccclxxx vi°. quor' aiābus.

Male issue by his second wife Joan failing, he was succeeded in his estates by his eldest son John, and as an instance of the change in coat armour common at this period, it is deserving of note, that this John Grevel bore for his arms-Sable, on a cross engrailed within a bordure Or, ten annulets of the first; in the dexter quarter, a mullet of the second. He was succeeded by his son John, who bore the arms without either annulets or pellets, but retaining the mullet. The arms of the Grevilles as now borne by them, are with the pellets,

but without the mullet.

Lee Road, Blackheath, Nov. 2.

J. J. HOWARD.

REMARKABLE EPITAPHS.

In the Abbey-churchyard, Arbroath, Scotland, is the following

1699.

Here lyes Grisell West, spous to John Carnegie, doctor of the Gramer Schooll of Aberbrothock, who departed this life the 27 of Aprill, and of her age 37; haueing brought forth seuen children, four [three ?] of them [died] before her, to witt, Catherine, Thomas and Catherine Carnegies, Here lyes a wife was chast, a mother blest, A modest woman, all these in on[e] chest ; Sarah unto her mate, Mary to God, Martha to men, whilst here she had abode. Near the door of the church, in Kew-churchyard, Surrey.

Here lyeth the Bodys of Robert and Ann Plaistow, both of Tyso, near Edgehill in Warwickshire, who died Aug. the 28, 1728.

At Tyso they were born and bred,
And in the same good lives they led,
Untill they came to marrige state,
Which was to them most fortunate.
Near sixty years of mortal life,
They were a happy man and wife;
And being so by nature ty❜d:
When one fell sick, the other dy'd;
And both together laid in dust
To wait the rising of the just.
They had six children born and bred,
And five before them being dead,
Their only then surviving son

Hath caus'd this stone for to be done.

In the same place, on William Rowland, who died July 8, 1849, aged 64.

Here rests a man whose loss all greive,
For 'twas his pride relief to give

To stern oppressions wrong, to help the right;
To serve a friend with ardour and delight.
Such Rowland was, for none e'er knew

A Man more just, a Friend more true.

In Dunfermline churchyard, in Fifeshire, is a stone inscribed Here lyes the Corps of Andrew Robertson, present Deacon of the Weavers in this Burgh, who died 13 July, 1745, aged 62.

On another stone, at Kingsbarns in the same shire, is the following, dated 1745.

Lo David Davidson here doth lye,
With Beatrix Walker his wife hard by.
Contentment [blest them] all their life
Free from the carking cares and strife.

At Rattray, in Perthshire, a stone erected by Peter Mitchell in 1760, at once records and admonishes:

Here lays my Father, and our Mother, My wife, my son, and my two brothers; As for the rest, they are out of deat Mind all to die, or it be too late. Brechin, Nov. 5.

A. J.

SAINTS DAYS OF THE ENGLISH CALENDAR.

The principle upon which certain festivals of devotion still retained in the calendar prefixed to the Common Prayer, and usually printed in itatles, were selected for retention, has not been explained. Many of them evidently indicate names which have been of old peculiarly honoured in the Church of England: St. Alban, the proto-martyr of Britain; Augustine, the apostle of the English race; Venerable Bede, and King Edward the Confessor, the early and acknowledged patron of England, but in the age of pseudo-chivalry, supplanted by the legendary St. George. Others doubtless were chosen for their high station in the earlier ages of the Church, as St. Ambrose, St. Augustine, St. Martin, and St. Cyprian; and others from their local celebrity.

Poor Robin's Almanack presents much that is worthy of consideration. The compiler or editor shews that the tradition respecting the appropriation of the days to particular Saints, was considered by the common people as eminently Protestant; that is to say, as a part and parcel of the Church of England, and that an Almanack without saints, for every day was nought. By the statute of 1552, 5 and 6 of King Edward the Sixth, cap. 3, the Secular power advanced in aid of the church. This Act commands the observance of all our present liturgical festivals, and their non-observance was in no way to be considered as of discretion only, but as an absolute breach of the law of the land. The peculiar sports and observances which early custom and usage had attached to peculiar days-the dancing around the maypole on the festival of St. Philip and St. James; the bonfires on the feast of the Baptist, and others of similar application, it is not required to speak, but the main feature, anterior to the Reformation, was the cessation of work and labour upon such festival days; the people had thus a time provided to rejoice before the Lord,' and the exceptions as defined by the said Act show that such was still the spirit of the age; and that those who chose to work were merely permitted to labour.

A third class are Saints, who are simply commemorated, and it is a fact, hitherto almost unnoticed, that these Saints' days now considered as the distinctive badges of Romanism continued to retain their appropriated stations in our popular Protestant English Almanack until the alteration of the style in 1752, when they were discontinued. By what authority this change was effected, was not stated, but, possibly the books of the Stationers' Company might afford some data to solve this mystery.

VOL. VII.

PROPOSED JOHNSONIAN MUSEUM.

The recent demolition consequent upon their decayed condition, of the buildings on the west-side of Inner Temple Lane, involved the house, No. 1, more particularly memorable from the first floor and the attics, having from 1759 to 1765 been the residence of the great lexicographer and moralist Dr. Johnson. The removal occurring at a time when the Directors of the Crystal Palace are fully sensible of the general requirement on the part of the public for novelties of an instructive and interesting character, they have become possessed at an almost nominal cost, of the wainscoting and fittings of Dr. Johnson's chambers, with a view to reconstruct the whole contiguous to the Crystal Palace, and by arranging on the panels of the rooms, four in all, the best engraved portraits of Dr. Johnson, and of those eminent persons who are known to have frequently visited him; by framing choice autograph letters, and by depositing in the rooms on their reconstruction, every procurable relique relating to him, and his contemporaries, they aim at establishing an acknowledged record of the past, in what would thus be justly designated the JOHNSONIAN MUSEUM. The original panelling, the doors and windows the same, as in Dr. Johnson's time, now nearly a century since, will be re-crected, and will thus form a veritable restoration of those chambers, which were formerly so long occupied by him, and repeopled as it were by authentic portraits of men celebrated as the Doctor's associates, men whose existence is still borne in the generally cherished recollections of their countrymen.

According to the suggestions now entertained, the public will probably proceed from or near to the present picture gallery at the north end of the Palace, into the JOHNSONIAN MUSEUM; the flooring of both being on a level, and the celebrated Staircase presented by the Benchers of the Inner Temple will be available for the immediate descent thence to the grounds of the Palace.

It has also been proposed to deposit in these chambers, the original editions of all Dr. Johnson's published works; the various biographies of him which have from time to time appeared, and copies of the publications in reference to him, or his writings. This suggestion if completely achieved will institute a valuable assemblage, and be replete with the highest literary interest.

Among other embellishments will doubtless be displayed busts of Dr. Johnson and others, after Nollekens, Bacon, and other sculptors. It may also be hoped that the possessors of the painted portraits of Dr. Johnson and his contemporaries, by Reynolds and other eminent

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