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Johnson, residence in Inner Temple | Napoleon's Campaign in Russia? reply, lane, 65, 68.

visit to Montrose, 10. Johnsonian Reliques, 83. Proposed Johnsonian Museum, 89, 90. Jones, Owen, commended for gold medal, 20.

Jortin, Dr., Epitaph on his Cat: the
same imitated, 34.
Junto, meaning of the word? reply, 68.
Keith, Viscountess, notices of, 29.
Kensington Gore estate expenditure, 44.
Kent and Surrey Archæology, 70, 71.
Kentish Families, Arms of various, 59,60.
Kentish Epitaphs, 8.

King's College, New York, 43.
King's Evil Touching? reply, 8. Pro-
clamation respecting regulations, 18.
Kit Kat Club? reply, 22.

Kit Kat Club Portraits, notes on, 49, 51, 58.

Knights of St. John, 22.

Kruger Collection of Pictures, 21.
Lady and Spaniels? reply, 21, 26.
Lansdowne Manuscripts, for what sum
obtained, 51.

La Trappe, obituary of Monks, 49.
Leicester Square statue? reply, 56.
Lent Festivals in Rome, 2.
Lettre de Cachet? reply, 63.
Liberal and Conservative defined, 60.
Liliorum Ortus, 78. Translation, 91.
Limerick Cathedral, Epitaph in, 57.
The same elucidated, 70.
Little Learning dangerous? reply, 58.
London Coffeehouses in Seventeenth
Century, 86, 87.

Love Song, Early English, 20.
Macgregor Clan Feuds, 43, 44.
McIan's Scottish Costume, 1.
Madron Church inscription, 34.
Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition, 48.
Man who stopped the King? reply, 87.
Mar's Wark inscription, 12.
Mason-marks in Scotland, 3.
Matrimonial Flitch of Bacon, 48.
Mary, Queen of Scots, abduction site, 13.
Medallic query, 21.

Merchants' Marks, Early Scottish, 3,5. *Merchants' Marks at Faversham, 54, 55; William Grevel of Campden, 88; Sir John Spencer, 94; Sir John Melbourne, 95.

Micat inter Omnes, 87. *Milbourne, Sir John, alms-house inscriptions, 95.

Millan, John, bookseller, noticed, 47.
Milton, founder of the Calves Head
Club? 45; Register minute of his
burial, 19.

Mitre Tavern, in Fleet Street, 67.
S. Monacella's Lambs? reply, 17.
Montrose Episcopal Chapel, 10.
Muff monumental inscription, 15.
Mysteries in England, 1.

Napoleon the First, whence named, 64.

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Nightingale, Florence, Lines to, 81.
S. Ninian's Masonic Lodge, 3.
November the Fifth Memorable, 84.
Nursery Song, Hinx Minx, etc. 21.
Oak entwined by the Ivy, why? 36.
O'Brien, Nelly, Reynolds' portraits of,79.
Ode in III. Non. Jul. 1851, 86; trans-
lation, 95.

Oliver's Dutch Crown? reply, 31.
Oram, poet of Shaftesbury? reply, 80.
Oratorios, their origin, 1.
Over door Inscriptions, 12.
Oxford, Free Press obnoxious to, 42.
Pack, Christopher, artist, noticed, 87 n.
Pantheon Balloon Exhibition, 23.
Parkhurst, Bishop, Verses by, 26.
Patriot band, whence derived? 37.
Perthshire Epitaphs, 19, 20, 88.
Pindar, Peter, Anecdotes of, 22, 23.
Piper of Hamelin tradition, 28.
Pippins formerly in high vogue, 7 n.
Poor Joe all alone !? reply, 56.
Pope's translation of Xavier's Hymn,
33; Manuscripts possessed by Boling-
broke, 35; Did good by stealth'?
49; replies, 58; rowed in a sedan
chair, 74.

6

Porcelain Collections, 81.

Porter, Jane, inedited letter, 39, 40.
Portuguese Hymn? reply, 87.
Praise of the Horn-book, 29, 30.
Prayer-books temp. Edward VI. 79.
Proclamation respecting King's Evil, 26,
Provincial Rhymes, 17.

Prussian claim to Neufchatel, 2.
Prymer, temp. Qu. Elizabeth, 30.
Queen's Fool, 55.

Rae's Schooner Iceberg' lost, 68.
Rambler and Adventurer, 13, 15.
Ranson, engraver, notice of, 27 n.
Raphael's Five Cartoons, 38.
Ratcliffe's grave discovered, 63.
Reynolds' Claude picture copy, 69.
Reynolds' Love Letters, 75-78.
Rhine Roman Terra Cotta Forgeries, 47.
Richelieu's four-cornered hat, 55.
Richter, Henry, artist, his death, 32.
Rogers' monument, 20.
Roman graves discovered, 73.
Roman Lunar Months, 32.
Roubiliac misrepresented, 38, 39.
Roy's Wife of Aldivalloch elucidated,
10, 18.

Russell, Lord John, letter respecting
Tragedy of Don Carlos, 24.

| Saints' Days in English Calendar, 89.
Schultz ab Ascherade? 15.
Science its pre-eminence, 40.

Scot and lot, what implied? reply, 16.
*Scottish Merchants' marks, 3-5.
Scottish Over-door Inscriptions, 12.
Scottish Presbyteries, 9.
Scottish Witch Charm, 31.

Scott and the Newcastle Antiquaries,
35, 36.

Scott Family Perpetuity, 45.
Sleeps like a top? reply, 48.
Smith's Collectanea Antiqua, 68.
*Spence, Sir John, particulars of, 94.
Sterne's God tempers the Wind? 55.
Steward, History of Lord High? reply,

88.

Stonehenge, meaning of the word, 16.
Tann's Well, Fersfield, noticed, 8.
Tantamount, original meaning? replies,
56, 64.

Taste variable in principle, 96.
Telegram defined, 74.

Thames Street, unrecorded fire, 5.
Thief detection by a key, 42.
Thornton, Bonnell, writer in the Ad-
venturer, 13, 14.

Thrale's unpublished letters, 84.
Tintoret's painted hands and feet, 46.
Tomb of Queen Catherine Parr? 53.
Touching for King's Evil, 18.
Tweedale Mansion, Peebles, 29.
Two Poets in one Family, 48.
Ugonottorum Strages Medal, 46.
University Booksellers and Stationers,
64.

Uwins, R.A., inedited letters, 68, 96.
Venetian House painted exteriors, 46.
Veronese, Paul, la Tenda di Dario, 31,
43.

Victoria, Queen, Latin Verses on Mar-
riage of, 41; translation, 52.
Victoria, Latin Verses on same occasion,
52.

Vidocq, of Police notoriety, his death, 40.
Wallington's Journal? reply, 2.
Wall's End Church Salver described, 24.
Warburton, Bp. Inedited letter, 92.
Wardian Cases want of moisture? 68.
Ware, Irish Historian's arms, 31.
Warton, Dr. Joseph, contributor to Ad-
venturer, 14, 15.

*Watts, Lord Mayor, notice of, 81, 82. Waverley Novels question decided, 43. Wedding Posies, 41.

Well, Surnames ending in? reply, 8. Wickliffe's Version of New Testament, 96.

Wilkie, Sir David, Letter of, 52. Winchelsea, Anne Countess of? reply, 73.

Wolcot, Dr. John, anecdotes of, 22, 23. Wreck of the Royal George? 63; replies, 71.

Xavier's Hymn, translated by Pope, 33. Yankee Doodle Song, stray verses, 36.

WILLIS'S CURRENT NOTES.

No. LXXIII.]

"Takes note of what is done-
By note, to give and to receive."-SHAKESPEARE.

(JANUARY, 1857.

NAVAL TROPHY AT DEAL.

On the esplanade at Deal, at the southern extremity, stands a now much dilapidated old house, built apparently some two or three hundred years since, and in the front, abutting on the end of the promenade, is seen imbedded in the wall, what appears to be an early heraldic shield of arms, impaled, with its bearings right and left; but on closer inspection it is evidently the stern of some old decorated boat, of which a lady having made a correct sketch, I send you a fac-simile.

The field or ground is painted red, embossed with black mouldings, and bearing on the dexter side a gilded sun enrayed, and rather below it, what may be supposed to be the planet Mars. On the sinister side, is the Crescent, or half moon accompanied by the planet which one may infer to be Venus. These ornaments stand boldly forth in burnished gold. In the centre, in pale, is evidently the raised part to which the rudder was formerly attached. None of the old pilots or boatmen appear to know anything respecting this relic, beyond what has been traditionally handed down to them, namely that the original proprietor of the premises was a seafaring man, who had been much in foreign parts, and having made capture of a Dutch ship, built the house on this spot, close to high water mark of the sea, and placed the decoration in the wall, as a record of the event, and as an heir-loom to his family.

Hasted mentions the unsuccessful attempt in 1648, of Prince Charles subsequently Charles the Second, to land here from a fleet, and it is not impossible, this might be the stern of one of the boats belonging to one of the ships.

Harbledown, Jan. 1.

M. D. Qu. More probably the stern of some French war ship's boat, captured on some memorable occasion in conflict with the English and Dutch? possibly La Hogue, in May, 1692 ? Ed.

COSTUME OF THE CLANS OF SCOTLAND.

Mr. R. R. Mc Ian, A.R.A. Edinb., after a long and severe illness, died Dec. 13th last. His interesting national work, the Costume of the Clans, the whole being admirably delineated in the colours peculiar to each, with historical descriptions, having become the property of Messrs. Willis and Sotheran, they have commenced a re-issue of the work, in parts, as conducted by Mr. Mc Ian, but have reduced the price to one-third of the original publication price.

VOL. VII.

ORIGIN OF ORATORIOS.

Oratorios divided into scenes, and usually in three acts or parts, in imitation of theatrical representations, but always on sacred subjects derived from scripture or church history, and set to grave and solemn music in order to be vocally and instrumentally performed in a church or elsewhere, during Lent, seem never before the seventeenth century to have been entirely sung, but chiefly declaimed with incidental airs and chorusses. They are not to be confounded with the early Miracleplays, the Mysteries, or similar Interludes which even in England may possibly date from before the Norman Conquest. None of the Mysteries are totally without music, as there are chorusses and laudi, or hymns, which in all of them were sung, and in others accompanied by performances on instruments between the acts. Crescembini states that in a rappresentatione sacra teatrale written by Damiani, and printed at Siena, 1519, there was at the beginning of every act an octave stanza, which was to be sung to the sound of the lyra viol, by a personage called Orpheus, who was solely retained for that purpose; at other times a madrigal was sung between the acts, after the manner of a chorus.

All Italian writers on the subject agree that these sacred musical dramas had their beginning in the time of San Filippo Neri, who is numbered by Quadrio among Italian improvisatori; and with whom, about 1558, originated the congregation of the Priests of the Oratory at Rome. Oratorii, Ital., Oratoires, Fr., Anglice Chapels, imply the spaces between the arches of Romish churches, where there is an altar, and are so designated. By degrees this order spread itself all over Italy, and it appears these fathers in whatever city of Italy, they had an establishment, entertained their congregations with good music. During the service and after the sermon, it was usual for them, among other pious exercises, in order to allure youth to church, and keep them from secular amusements, to have hymns, psalms and other spiritual laudi or songs, sung either in chorus, or by a single favourite voice, divided into two parts, the one performed before the sermon, and the other after it.

The first collection of the words of Hymns and Psalms sung in the chapel of San Filippo Neri was published in Rome in 1585, entitled Laudi Spirituali, stampate ad istanza de R. R. P. P. della Congregatione dell' Oratorio. The second in 1603, Laudi Spirituali diverse solite cantarsi dopo Sermoni da' P. P. della Congreg. dell'Oratorio. Among these were dialogues in a dramatic form.

Simple as the manner would seem, in which this practice of devotion was begun with only spiritual can

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tatos, or songs, on moral subjects, they in order to render the service still more attractive, instituted Oratorios on some sacred story or event from the scripture, written in verse, and set by the best poets or musicians of the time. These being composed in dialogue, and rendered imposing to the congregations, such interest was excited by the performance of the first part, there was no fear that any of the hearers would retire during the sermon, or till they had heard the second. Among the subjects selected for the purposes of representation were the Good Samaritan, Job and his friends, the Prodigal Son, Tobit with the Angel, his father and his wife; these with others, by the excellence of the composition, the band of instrumental performers and the general superiority of the performance brought the Oratory into such repute that the congregations greatly increased in numbers, and hence this species of sacred musical drama wherever performed became known by the generally accepted appellation of Oratorio.* Venuti, Roma Moderna, 1766, p. 207, intimates-in the church of San Girolamo della Carita, in that city, Oratorios were still constantly performed on Sundays and Festivals from All Saints' Day till Palm Sunday; and also in the church of La Vallicella, or the Chiesa Nuova, where there were similar performances from November the first till Easter.

These spiritual spectacles had their beginning in these two churches, but the practice has been extended to so many of the other churches in Rome, that there is not a day in the year, during which some one or more of these representations may not be heard; and as lists of Oratorios and other Funzioni to be performed in the course of the year, in the several churches are published, similarly to our lists of Lent preachers, considerable emulation arises among the directors and performers, and a concurrent solicitude of gratification on the part of the persons constituting the several congregations.

PRUSSIA AND NEUFCHATEL.

The father of the present King of Prussia having obtained from Napoleon permission to deprive the King of England of the Electorate of Hanover, concluded at Vienna, on Dec. 15, 1805, a provisionary Convention, whereby Prussia surrendered to France the territories of Anspach, Bareuth, Cleves, and Neufchatel.

* Doni in his Trattato della Musica Scenica, speaking of Oratorios, observes that by a spiritual representation, he did not mean the gross, vulgar and legendary kind of drama used by the nuns and monks in convents, which were unworthy of the name of poetry, but such elegant and well constructed poetical fables as that of S. Alexis, by the ingenious Giulio Rospigliosi, many times represented, and always with applause. The Oratorio of S. Alexis, which is omitted in the Drammaturgia, though printed in score, in folio, 1634; was set to music by Stefano Landi of the Papal chapel, and represented in the Barberini Palace, at Rome, on a stage and in action, with dances, machinery and every kind of splendid dramatic decoration, of which a glowing description is given in the preface and a letter prefixed to the volume.

WALLINGTON'S JOURNAL.

In answer to the enquiry made in Notes and Queries, Vol. V. p. 489, I replied, stating that the Manuscript Andrews of Bristol, who obtained it on the dispersion of was in my possession; it was purchased by me of Mr. the library of the late Mr. Walter Wilson of Bath, in whose sale Catalogue it appears as 'A Bundel of Mercys, etc.' Whilst in Mr. Wilson's possession, he had it handsomely bound by Riviere, but from whom or whence he obtained the manuscript I am unable to state; if my copy is not the original, it is of contemporary date, and bears evident marks of having been written at different times, although the same hand may be traced throughout.

The manuscript embraces a later period than that stated in the last number of Current Notes, and contains curious and interesting matter relative to the Civil Wars with Wallington's reflections on the same; it is a small quarto, and arranged under various headings, of which a Bundel of Mercys' is one.

The

4, St. John's Terrace, Oxford. JOHN GODWIN. The enquiry in Notes and Queries refers to the Manuscript purchased at the Gulston sale in 1784, by George Baker, of St. Paul's Churchyard, for 21. 118. volume, with the Gulston crest on the binding, is now as stated in Current Notes, in the Corporation Library, Guildhall. Upcott became its possessor in 1822, and in the Gentleman's Magazine, Nov. 1824, pp. 387-388, he printed a long extract from it, in reference to the destructive fire on London Bridge, that began in the night of Feb. 13th, 1632-3, but scantily described by Stow's continuators. Nehemiah Wallington, the tenth child of John and Elizabeth Wallington, was born on Saturday, May 12, 1598, at 5 a.m. Was by trade a turner, and sold bedsteads, chairs, etc., in Little Eastchenp, and by the autobiographically recorded particulars of himself and his family, appears to have been a great fool. The Gulston volume though entitled-A Record of the Mercies of God; or a Thankefull Remembrance, is dated December xxv, 1630, but contains transcripts of other memoranda and papers from 1619. Subsequently he writes

The beginning of November, 1647, my sonne, John Horthon and I did begine to reade in this Booke euery morning

by our selnes alone, and by God's marcy We haue read ouer this Booke, January ye xxxi, 1647[-8.] Another memorandum states

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March the third, 1653, I thought with Solomon to looke ouer all my works or bookes that my hands did write, and I first begine with this Booke this morning, the Lord sanctify it to me that I may see what Marcys he hath done for me of old, and giue him all the praise and glory of it.

Later still, when it would seem he had compleated his 60th year, at p. 515 is the following note.

May xxi, 1658, I haue by God's marcy read ouer this my writting booke, which I haue read ouer many times, but now I obsearue more then in former time I did which I haue handed, and here followes some of that which I obsarue for my Soules good.

An Index to certain religious aspirations follows. Wallington was very illiterate, and sad blunders in orthography are found throughout; even the John Horthon, who it would seem was his son-in-law, appears, September ix, 1658, to be really Jonathan Houghton.

EARLY SCOTISH MERCHANTS' MARKS. Many years have passed since I collected Merchants' Marks from tomb-stones, and Masons' marks from old ecclesiastical and baronial buildings, and must confess I then attached very little value to either, except as mere curiosities. Many of these which I had collected, through the little regard paid to them, have in consequence been lost, and this I the more regret, since the frequent notices in Current Notes of Early Merchants' Marks in England have appeared, I am led to believe there may be more in them than I at first imagined. Should these Merchants' Marks now selected from the remains of my gatherings in Scotland, with the accompanying memoranda, be worthy a place in Current Notes, you are most welcome to them.

These marks are evidently of the same class as those which have hitherto appeared in Current Notes; not any one of them being in themselves quite the same in design. They are all from Free stone monuments, brasses being extremely rare in Scotland. The earliest here described is from Stirling, and with the exception of two others from the old Grey Friars' burial ground at Perth, all the rest are from the old burying ground at Dundee. The delineation of the whole is not only broad and vigorous, containing certain traces of individual character and a degree of mathematical exactness in their various parts, but also present an ingenuity in design, and delicacy in execution, which cannot be too much admired.

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was

Waving the old idea that the common sign 4 symbolical of mercantile trading to the four quarters of the globe, in which after all there may be some truth? may observe that the remark of your Correspondent, C. N. p. 48, of Merchants not being permitted to assume Heraldic insignia is not borne out by those in Scotland, at least so far as I have yet seen, there being scarcely a tomb-stone from which the marks in this communication have been taken, but had also the family arms of the persons thereon commemorated. I deduce an instance in that of Thomas Simson, 1579. These family arms have constantly precedence of the marks, being either at the top, in the centre, or on the left side of the stone."

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It is almost superfluous to observe that those curious marks are either monogrammatic, or display some vagary in their designs, and I cannot help thinking that they originated from those of the more ancient disciples • The instances, kindly communicated by our pondent, refer to the sixteenth century, at which time wealth and the position of gentility doubtless obtained for many persons grants of arms from the Heralds, to which their families had not the slightest claim. In the earlier ages merchants had their marks, and no arms, an instance presents itself, in a seal now before the writer, the legend being SIGILLV' ROBERTI DE GLEN; he was burgess of the city of St. Andrews, 1337, and his mark with the R and G entwined, is within an architecturally devised compartment, the design probably derived from the shrines of that day. Ed.

of Hiram-an idea which is supported by the great similarity of the Marks of Merchants, to those of Masons, the latter having from remote antiquity retained certain devised private marks upon their tools, which they also cut and left upon the blocks of stone which they respectively dressed or finished, and in various official capacities attached to their signatures.

The Archeologia, vol. XXIV. contains an excellent paper on the Use of Mason-Marks in Scotland, by the late eminent Scotish antiquary, Patrick Chalmers, Esq. of Aldbar. Two plates of Mason-Marks accompany his observations—one of these shows the marks upon some old ecclesiastical and baronial buildings in Angusshire; and the other, is a selection of private marks from the cash-book of the St. Ninian's Lodge of Freemasons in Brechin, extending from 1714 to 1847. These were mostly taken from my collection of Mason-Marks, since greatly increased; and a glance at these plates will at once evince the close resemblance of some of the marks of the early Scotish Merchants here engraved, to those of the practical Freemasons which are in the Archeologia but partially represented.

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is the recorded mark of Thomas Bover, skinner
and merchant burgess. Upon a
stone raised by William Chap-
lane in memory of his wife
Agnes Dorward, who died in
1603. The arms of the Chap-
lane and Dorward families are
on this stone, at the foot of
which is the quaint memento-

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VILIAME CHEPLANE VOS YE DOEIR OF YIS.

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The first of these is the monogram of Robert Kandov, also a burgess of Dundee. The two next, belong to two persons surnamed Goldman; the father 1607, and the son, 1632. The Goldman family were in their day the Merchant Princes' of Dundee, and owners of large possessions in landed property, but their race and name have been long since extinct. These marks have a peculiar interest, as shewing that different members of one family adopted different devices.

is upon a stone bearing the name of Robert Fairvedder, litster, or wool dyer, who died in 1609. The next, bearing the oddly conjoined initials D. Z., the lower termination of the latter by a freak of the mason being lapped over to form the first, pertains to David Zemane or Yeaman, 1610; whose descendants were opulent and long

after exercised much influence in the affairs of Dundee.
Upon Zeaman's stone is the following couplet, not un-
commonin Du ndee.

TO HONOR YE SEPVLTOR VE MAY BE BALD:
VE LERNE OF ABRAHAM OVR FATHER AVLD.

on a stone dated 1617, but all else
is effaced. The R. M. on the fol-
lowing is the mono-
gram of Robert Mure-
son, 1637. The stone
was placed there by his
widow Helen Collie,
and a slab built into a
wall at the head of the stone bears an in-
scription-

TO YE FAMILIE OF YE MVRESONS.

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The dates of these three are doubtful, but appear to be of the early part of the seventeenth century. The first is on a stone to the memory of a David Blair, all else is effaced. The second is from a monument to one John Zoung now Young, who possibly was related to Sir Peter Young, co-tutor with Buchanan, to King James the Sixth; Sir Peter's father having been a burgess of Dundee, where he died in 1583. The name and date on the stone bearing the third mark are wholly illegible.

The monogram of Alexander Copping; when placed here is not very clear, the date being effaced and wholly illegible. The initial letter C. is not as might be inferred cut to the same breadth and upon the same level as the shaft upon which it is placed, but is proportionately narrow and inserted into the centre of the shaft by means of a slit in the centre, the upper bend of the circle of the C being slipped under the left half of the shaft, and the under circle below the right half. The undulations of that part of the shaft, consequent upon this arrangement are beautifully developed on the stone, a mural tablet, in the vicinity of Nos. 7 and 8. With the name Alexander Copping, are also the initials I. P. Copping in his day was a merchant and burgess of some note.

344

These initials refer to James
Pierson, a burgess and sea-
man, who died in 1660; but
no particulars either in ex-
planation of the monogram or
of the initials P. K. are ob-
tainable.

P

K

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