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14. Road scene. Man on horseback enquiring the way, and another directing. 12 in. by 9 in. Matthew Hutchinson, Esq. 191. 19s.

15. The Rustic's proposal. 12 in. by 9 in. Charles Curling, Esq. 471. 5s.

An exquisite production, happily illustrative of the lines in the ballad

16.

17.

18.

The Collection formed by the late Mr. Jesse Curling, of pictures painted by that pre-eminently distinguished artist GEORGE MORLAND, were sold by Mr. Quallett, New Bond Street, on the 11th inst. Most of them were painted at a period when his efforts justly obtained for him a lasting renown, and many of them were instantly recognizable from the generally disseminated prints which have been everywhere popularly estimated. His 19. paintings are indeed incomparably faithful representations of rural life, and in the description of farm yards, village scenery, landscapes, cattle, fishermen, and smug- 20. glers on the sea-coast, Morland has never been surpassed.

The sight measure of each picture is added for the gratification of our country readers, and in addition to the prices, the purchasers' names.

21.

22.

4. Landscapes, a pair of cabinet pictures. On panel. 23.

Henry Stapylton, Esq. 91.

5. Coast scene off Margate, fishing boats tance. On panel. 7 in. by 5 in. 51. 15s.

in the dis

The same.

6. Girl with kitten, spiritedly sketched. On panel. 8 in. by 7 in. Matthew Hutchinson, Esq. 331. 12s.

7. Three pigs eating turnips. 114 in. by 6 in. Henry Stapylton, Esq. 121. 5s.

8. Tap-room fire-side, with group of five figures and accessories. On copper, carefully finished. 12 in. by 9 in. John Curling, Esq. 171. 6s. 6d.

He stammer'd and stutter'd, and let his hat fall,
Then grinn'd, scratch'd his head, and said—nothing at all.
If bashful the swain, no less bashful the maid,

She hung down her head, with her apron string play'd;
Whilst the old folks impatient the thing should be done,
Agreed that young Roger and Kate should be one.
Heath scene; Man dismounted; another cutting
furze. Woodman's cottage in the distance. 14 in.
by 10 in. James Mitchell, Esq. 151. 15s.
The old Posters, painted with masterly effect. 15 in.
by 12 in. John Curling, Esq. 691. 6s.
The Setters in Covert, a woodland scene of great
merit, the dogs spiritedly delineated.
by 12 in. Vokins. 401. 19s.
Noontide. Landscape, sheep reposing.

24.

15 in.

Finely

painted on panel, dated 1798. 15 in. by 12 in.
Charles Curling, Esq. 2481. 17s.

The mussel gatherers, with their boat, on a rocky
shore. On panel, painted with great care.
in. by 10 in. Vokins. 421.

11

Roadside inn, drovers refreshing. Vigorously painted. 14 in. by 11 in. Vokins. 52. 10s. Wintry scene, sheep being housed for the night, Landscape, figures in the foreground, old barn with 15 in. by 10 in. John Lye, Esq. 311. 10s. sheep in the distance. On panel, painted with great care, dated 1796. 12 in. by 10 in. Rought, Regent Street. 471. 5s.

Coast scene, by moonlight, highly meritorious. 17 in. by 14 in. Alderman Sidney. 351. 3s 6d. The four following formed a series of hunting subjects well known from the engravings: the pictures are now dispersed.

25. The going out, settling the reckoning at the Fox inn; huntsmen and hounds in the distance. 26 in. by 20 in. Matthew Hutchinson, Esq. 741. 11s. Hounds going in covert, squire and huntsman on horseback. 26 in. by 20 in. John Lye, Esq.

9. Two men under a shady tree conversing, a dog 26.
sleeping on the ground. On panel, very rich in
colour. 7 in. by 6 in. T. E. Eden, Esq. 121. 12s.
10. The gravel diggers. On panel, highly finished. 8 in. 27.
by 6 in. J. H. Anderdon, Esq. 241. 3s.

11. Winter Scene. Soldiers returning on furlough;

cottages in the distance. On panel, carefully 28.
painted. 10 in. by 7 in. Alderman Sidney.
121. 1s. 6d.

12. Horses watering, landscape and ruins in back ground. 29.
On panel, dated 1794. 11 in. by 9 in. J. H. An-
derdon, Esq. 281. 7s.

13. The washing-day, with child in pond, and village 30. church in the distance. 11 in. by 10 in. Alderman Sidney. 231. 2s.

361. 15s.

The check, hounds at fault in the foreground; fox
away in the distance. Very masterly. 26 in. by
20 in. Matthew Hutchinson, Esq. 791.
In at the death, fox and hounds in the foreground,
huntsmen climbing over the fence; dated 1794.
26 in. by 20 in. Haskett Smtih, Esq. 601.
Rustic interior, the fireside on a winter's day. 25
in. by 20 in. Matthew Hutchinson, Esq.

531. 11s.

Interior of a farm-house kitchen, rustics preparing their evening meal. 24 in. by 18 in. The same. 681. 5s.

31. Land storm, figures sheltering themselves; stream with bridge in the distance. 24 in. by 18 in. Rought. 511. 9s.

32. Sea storm, the wreck on shore, figures clinging to the rocks; the long boat in the distance. 25 in. by 20 in. Attenborough. 371. 16s. 33. Pheasant shooting, a woodland scene, with gamekeeper and dogs. 25 in. by 20 in. Rought. 921. 8s. 34. The hard bargain: interior of stable, figures dealing for a calf; a dog sleeping, and another in the middle distance. 26 in. by 20 in. Charles Curling, Esq. 1311. 5s.

35. The Gypsies: a rich woodland scene, gamekeeper leaning on style, in conversation with a group of gypsies, etc. 30 in. by 24 in. Richard Frankum, Esq. 551. 13s

36. Thatchers repairing roof of roadside inn, horses in the foreground; and market woman in the distance, dated 1795. 30 in. by 24 in. D. T. White. 1471.

37. Innocence alarmed, an interior with figures, dogs, gamekeeper, etc., singularly brilliant, clear, and transparent. 36 in. by 30 in. Matthew Hutchinson, Esq. 2241 14s.

38. The Horse Fair; interior of stable, horses and figures about to attend the horse fair, seen in the distance. Admirably painted. 36 in. by 30 in. Charles Curling, Esq. 2311.

The produce of these paintings was 21731., yet were they the products of the son of an obscure painter now designated Old Morland,' who subsisted late in life by the incessant toil of his son in producing drawings for sale hence in the few hours of remission he sought solace among public house companions, formed bad connexions, and imbibed intemperate habits, which destroyed his energies, and rendered him always poor, thus, many of his best pictures, those which will ever eternise his name among English artists, were painted with inconceivable rapidity in sponging-houses to raise means to redeem him from arrest, or in ale houses, to discharge his reckoning. He died in a sponging-house in 1804; and his wife, the sorrowing victim of his follies and inebriety, followed him, two days after.

MEMOIRS OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES.

burg, Copenhagen, Berlin, Vienna, and Dresden. The Public Libraries of Italy; the University and Town Libraries of Germany and France; the University, Collegiate, Cathedral, Town and Parochial Libraries, with the Proprietary and Public Libraries of Great Britain and Ireland. The Libraries of the United States of America. Comparative Statistics of Books publicly accessible in the libraries of Great Britain, Europe, and the United States, and of the means afforded by Ewart's Public Library Act, 1855, for supplying those of the United Kingdom.

The Economy of Libraries, more especially of their formation; the collection of books by taxation, or copyexaction from authors and publishers, by donation, by international exchange, or by purchase.

Designs and Projects for a great Public Library, elicited by recent propositions for the removal of the Imperial Library at Paris, with other Projects for Public Libraries, involving notices of the more celebrated edifices of St. Mark's Library, Venice; the Laurentian, at Florence; the Vatican, at Rome; the Brera, at Milan; the Bodleian and Radcliffe Libraries, at Oxford; St. Genevieve's, at Paris; the Ducal Library, Wolfenbuettel; the University, and Trinity College Libraries, Cambridge; the Imperial Library, St. Petersburg; the Royal Libraries, Copenhagen and Munich; and the British Museum Library.

The arrangement and preservation of Books, with the classification of Manuscripts, Prints, and Maps-followed by an Historical retrospect of Book-binding— describing the Monastic bindings in ivory, metals, and wood, carved, embossed, chased, and jewelled; bindings adorned with portraits, cameos, medallions, heraldic devices, and other ornaments. Embroidered or tambour bindings of velvet, silk, and damask. Embossed and stamped leather and vellum bindings, with the severally characteristic styles adopted in the libraries of Grolier, De Thou, Maioli, Hollis, and others. Notices of eminent Binders and their peculiarities.

Advantages and disadvantages of Alphabetical Catalogues, with the difficulties arising from the large number of anonymous and pseudononymous books. Collections on particular subjects; the publications of Societies, and Corporate Bodies.

Survey of the principal systems which have been proposed for the classification of Human Knowledge and Libraries, with the comparative merits of these Systems.

The Fifth and Sixth Books treat generally of the Management and Service of Public Reading Rooms, and of lending Libraries; with the Administrative Organization of a Public Library; followed by an Appendix of Bibliographical and Critical Notices of some pre-existing works on bibliothecal economy, and on the

Mr. Edward Edwards, Librarian of the Public Library, Manchester, has announced as preparing for speedy publication, Memoirs of Public Libraries; with a Practical Hand-book of Library Economy. The prospectus of this work shews amplified details of the vast labour and research which have attended the producing of a book, with such an admirable purport of utility and record. The whole is in three parts, each containing many sub-history of Libraries. divisions. The first comprises the History of the Libraries of the Antients, and the Monastic Libraries of the Middle Ages-General View of the Origin and Extension of Libraries in Modern Europe; the Imperial and Royal Libraries of Paris, Munich, British Museum, St. Peters-Sotheran.

The author proposes to publish the work, with numerous illustrations, in two volumes, royal octavo. Price to Subscribers, 11. 4s.

Subscribers' names are received by Messrs. Willis and

1

No. LXVIII.]

"Takes note of what is doneBy note, to give and to receive."-SHAKESPEARE.

MEANING OF "UNIVERSITY NOMINALS."

During the reign of King Edward the Second, the University of Oxford was much prepossessed in favour of those who were termed Nominals,' whose peculiarity then as now consisted in the most rigid adherence to the signification of words, and of which class of persons, the following will afford a sufficient illustration."

Merton College being on the walls, and the Master and Fellows being desirous of a facility to walking in the meadows which were situated contiguously thereto; deputed three of their community to the king then at Woodstock, to ask his authority and permission. One of them, on their being presented to the king, signified that they were sent by the College to demand licentiam faciendi ostium-a licence or liberty to make a door; when a second immediately interrupted him, by saying that he was mistaken, as liberty to make a door was not a satisfaction to them, for so they might have a licence, and yet the door never be made; therefore, his desire was to have ostium fieri-a door to be made. On this the third insisted, that they were both in error, for by this request it might still be in fieri, but his petition was to have ostium factum,— -a door made. Whereupon, the first replied, they were not so unmannerly as to desire a door made, for that was to demand the king to make them a door, yet simply desired they might have leave posse ostium fieri-to have it in their power to make a door; but the second again interposing, and the third as resolutely opposing the second, the king wearied by their squabble, intimated that though he understood their request, he would not give them satisfaction till they should agree in modo loquendi. Oxford, August 4.

P. B.

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[AUGUST, 1856.

THE SAINT GILES'S BOWL.

Burton, the historian of Leicestershire, mentions-At the hospital of Saint Giles in the Fields, without the bar of the Old Temple, London, and the Domus Conversorum, now the Rolls; the prisoners conveyed from the City of London towards Teybourne, there to be executed for treasons, felonies or other trespasses, were presented with a great bowle of ale thereof to drinke at their pleasure, as to be their last refreshing in this life. Parton, under the head of ' peculiar custom,* states, before 1413, the gallows was removed from the Elms in Smithfield, and erected at the north end of the garden wall belonging to the hospital of St. Giles, on which spot between the ends of St. Giles's High Street, and Hoglane now Crown Street, opposite to the place where afterward the pound stood, it continued till removed to Tyburn. The condemned criminals on their way to this their place of execution, usually stopped at the great gate of the hospital, where they as their last refreshment in this life, were presented with a large bowl of ale, whence the name of the Saint Giles's bowl.'

·

The custom was not so peculiar, but appears to have been an observance of Popish times. Saintfoix, in reference to Paris, observes, in those ages when literature had not yet civilized our manners, the execution of criminals was a kind of show, exhibited with no small state and solemnity, and often on holidays.† On their way to the place of execution, they were to stop at certain places, and among others, in the Court of the Daughters of God, where they had a glass of wine, and three bits of consecrated bread. This collation was called the patient's last bit; and if he eat with any appetite, it was looked upon as a good omen to his soul.

In accordance with this practice, we find in 1477, the Duke of Nemours who was beheaded in the FishMarket at Paris, was led thither from the Bastille, on a horse caparisoned with black cloth, The rooms in the market-place appointed for his last resting-place, were lined with blue-grey serge, sprinkled with vinegar, and fumigated with a fire of juniper-wood, to overpower the smell of the flesh. Whilst he was confessing, his Commissaries were treated with wine, white-bread and pears. He was then brought out upon a scaffold made

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for that occasion, care having even been taken to newly stuff the cushion upon which he was to kneel; and the executioner after severing his head from the body, plunged it into a vessel of water, and held it up to the people. By order of the King, Louis the Eleventh, the Duke's children, the eldest of whom was but twelve years of age, were present on the scaffold, in white apparel, bare headed, and with folded hands, that they might be sprinkled with their father's blood! The fiendlike ovation over, the procession on its return was closed by one hundred and fifty Cordeliers holding lighted torches, the head and body of the Duke in an open coffin being borne before them. Money was given to them to bury him, and the whole chaunting proceeded on their way.

EPITAPHIUM.

The Epitaph quoted in Current Notes, p. 62, by W. B., was inscribed to the Memory of John Wiles, of Lavenham, who died Dec. 16, 1691, ætat 50; the said epitaph appearing to be a paraphrase of two or three verses in the sacred Scriptures, viz.

The thing that hath been, is that which shall be. Ecclesiastes, ch. i. v. 9.

That which hath been, is now, and that which is to be, hath already been. Eccl., ch. iii. v. 15.

There is another line, which I cannot at this moment

place my hand on, that has been frequently selected as the theme of one of the most delightful anthems in Canterbury Cathedral, and to which some of the young choristers there have given the most charming effect, Pennant mentions, an anciently similar observance at so much so, that after a breathless silence and sympaYork, occasioned the saying that the sadler of Baw-thetic attention of a most numerous congregation, I trey was hanged for leaving his liquor,' for that had have sometimes heard pass from one to another, in pious he stopped as usual, his reprieve then actually on the admiration of the melodious powers of the youth, in a road would have arrived in time to have saved him. subdued whisper, the word "beautiful" involuntarily escaping from many lips on every side. The sentence is-Who was, and is, and is to come.

After the suppression of the Hospital, the ale appears to have been presented to criminals, at a house, that early in the seventeenth century, was known as 'the Bowl public house,' and gave name to Bowl-yard, which with Canter's Alley seem to have been the only places, or nearly so, built on the south side of the present Broad Street: the rest being for the most part, cultivated ground, known by the appellation of Great Garden. Bowl-yard was continued to Long Acre, by Belton Street, which, by an inscribed stone tablet, was erected in 1683; but modern improvements have demolished Bowl-yard, it is now named Endell Street; and the Swiss Church, with ale and bottle stores on each side as supporters, now occupy the site of the once wellknown Bowl-Brewery.

LINES FROM AN EARLY MANUSCRIPT.
Fade, Flowers, fade! nature will have it so;
'Tis what all living must in autumn do:
And as your leaves lye listless on the ground,
The loss alone who loved them, will be found.

So in the grave shall we as quiet lye,
Miss'd by some few who liked our company;
But some so like to thorns and nettles live,

That none for them shall when they perish grieve.

On the fly-leaf of a copy of Tom Paine's Common
Sense, sold among Ritson's books, were these lines:
On the King's Illness, 1789.

See the vengeance of Heaven! America cries,
George loses his senses, North loses his eyes;
When they strove to enslave us, all Europe will find,
That the tyrant was mad and his Minister blind.
Qu. Were these lines written by Tom Paine?
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

They were ascribed at the time to John Williams, better known as Anthony Pasquin. Ed.

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That which a being was, What is it? show;
That being which it was, it is not now;

To be what 'tis, is not to be, you see;

That which now is not, shall a being be.

The following in the parish church of Horsham, Sussex, has a slight addition.

Quod fuit esse-quod est ;
Quod non fuit esse-quod esse.
Esse quod est non esse quod est :
Non est-erit-esse.

Vita malis plena est,

Mors pia-preciosa Corona.
Post Vitam Mors est:

Post mortem Vita beata.

What we have been, and what we are,
This moment, or the time that's past,
We cannot possibly compare,

With what we are to be at last.

Tho' fancy's flight has often ranged,
In search of form that ne'er has been ;
We yet shall into that be changed

By ear unheard-with eyes unseen.
Like Him transform'd whose God-like soul,
Lay hid beneath the human shrine,
From flesh and sense, and earth's controul,
At once immortal and divine.
Life cursed with evils, then shall cease,
While faith, the Crown of glory shows;
For death succeeds to life, and this
At death commenced, unending flows.
Words of similar import occur in the Revelations,
chap. i. verse 8. I am Alpha and Omega, etc.
Harbledown, August 20.

M. D.

ADDISON'S RE-EDITED WORKS.

Addison's Works have again appeared; but in a new form, and with highly commendable additions. Bishop Hurd's edition, hitherto considered the most complete, having become scarcely possible of attainment, the new edition has opportunely been published to supply its place at a much less cost. The new edition comprises six volumes, the first four of which and a small portion of the fifth contain all that constituted Bishop Hurd's edition; thus nearly two volumes are added from unpublished manuscripts, and in all nearly two hundred and fifty letters, wholly superseding for library purposes and utility all previous editions of this celebrated Eng

lish classic.

In vol. v. p. 365, is printed a letter from Addison to Stepney, under the date 1707, which should have been placed to Dec. 17, 1706, and followed in at p. 356, after

the letter dated Dec. 13.

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Addison's letter, dated Dec. 20, pp. 356-7, transmitted to Stepney the news received from Lisbon, Dec. 17th.' that heading, therefore, at p. 356 is in error, Addison being then in London, not at Lisbon.

the truth of what I now write. I know no otherwise than from the rumour of the town, and a half intimation from a

great man, who has always promoted my small interest, if I elsewhere; in either case, I have reason to hope, my foram to be continued in my present station or commanded tunes may not be diminished. The favour I would, there. fore, desire of your Lordship is to mention me to my Lord Sunderland, with whom in every station (whilst I have the honour to continue in the service) I must have affairs, that his Lordship would receive me as a man who has obligations to my late Lord, his father, and who, by my diligence and duty in her Majesty's service, would deserve his favour and protection.

I must detain your Lordship one moment longer, amongst

many prose afflictions, I have one that is poetical. Some rogue of a bookseller has made a very imperfect collection of what he calls my writings; the whole is mutilated, names printed at length, and things written near twenty years since mingled with some written the other day, in such a manner as may do me harm; part of The Mouse is likewise inserted, which I had little to say to, otherwise than as I held the pen to what Mr. Montagu dictated. I mention this, my Lord, desiring your Lordship to consider this book was printed without my knowledge or consent, and I Addison's allusion, p. 365, They say Jack Howe, add to it, that since I had the unhappiness of being sepaMr. Blathwaite, and Prior shake,'* derives an interest-rated from your Lordship's company, I never have written ing explanation from the amusing letter addressed by anything that could possibly merit yours or any of my Prior to Lord Halifax, as the friend of Addison, who was long as to pecuniary matters; in others, my Lord, your friends' displeasure. I am ashamed to be your debtor so under the immediate patronage of Lord Sunderland. Lordship sees in what manner I desire to continue my obliThese letters are truly valuable as illustrative of the gations to you. times, and adducing personal details which have not I am, with very great respect, hitherto been available to the biographer or poetical My Lord, your Lordship's most obedient historian. and most humble servant, M. PRIOR.

Duke Street, Westminster, Feb. 4, 1707.

My Lord,-It is too late to recapitulate the differences that have happened between us, or to dispute the reasons that occasioned them; it is properer at present to thank you for your generosity and assistance whenever you saw any danger threaten the man, whom you once honoured with the title of your friend. I know a great many ill people have endeavoured to calumniate me to your Lordship and to some of your friends, but I hope you know me

well enough not to believe them, and though I may suffer the misfortune, I desire you to think I will not (as I have not hitherto) any way deserve the blame.

I am very much obliged to Sir James Montagu for his kind concerns in my poor affairs, and take this opportunity of assuring your Lordship that my respects to yourself and family are inviolable; and I appeal to him if, in all my discourses and actions, I have not upon all occasions, testified

Addison, in defence of Garth and the Whigs, was politically opposed to Prior, who found the former a formidable opponent. His contempt of Prior induced the latter to level a shaft at him, at the end of his Alma, in the following lines:

For Plato's fancies what care I?

I hope you would not have me die
Like simple Cato in the play,
For anything that he can say.

Lord Halifax and Prior were also estranged by the Tory affinities of the latter; the Whigs were in the ascendant.

Among the letters is one, dated June 27, 1710, from that distinguished antiquary, Sir Andrew Fountaine, to Swift, in reference to Addison; but so rich and racy in its invective and smartness of raillery that it is here extracted, in the hope that it will afford no little gratification to the reader.

I neither can nor will have patience any longer: and, May your Swift, you are a confounded son of a ——. half acre turn to a bog, and may your willows perish: may the worms eat your Plato, and may Parvisol break your snuff-box. land with half the wit of St. George Ashe, nor ever a What! because there is never bishop in EngSecretary of State with a quarter of Addison's good sense; therefore you cannot write to those that love you, as well as any Clogher or Addison of them all. You have lost your reputation here, and that of your bastard, the Tatler, is going too; and there is no way left to recover either, but your writing. Well, 'tis no matter; I'll e'en leave London. Kingsmill is dead, and you don't write to me.

Adieu.

Whiston, bookseller, at the Boyle's Head in Fleet Street, in an unpublished note on his father's life, in the Biographical Dictionary, writes: William Whiston being in company with Mr. Addison, Sir R. Steele, Mr. Secretary Craggs, and Sir Robert Walpole, they were busily engaged in a dispute whether a secretary of state could

Parvisol was the Dean's steward.

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