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By an examination of the foregoing schedule it will be seen, Ist, That in 55 colleges there is an aggregate of four hundred and five instructors, or an average of about 7 to each college.

2. That in fifty-six colleges of which the numbers of students are given, the aggregate is 5293, making an average number of 944 to each college, and that of the whole number, only nineteen have above 100 students each.

3. That, if we suppose one-fourth of the above number, viz. 1322 students to leave college annually, then will each instructor have prepared on an average 3 young men each year for the duties of life, or for entering on the studies of a profession.

4. By a similar comparison of the whole number of 'teachers with the whole number of students, it will be found that each instructor has on an average 5293-405 'or a small fraction over 13 scholars committed to his charge.

5. That for the use of 47 colleges there have been supplied 197,656 volumes of books.

6. That in the students' libraries of 35 colleges, the aggregate number of volumes is 87,170. (In several colleges not particularly specified there are known to be considerable libraries belonging both to the colleges and to the students.)

7. That the time allotted to instruction in 47 colleges is on an average 41 weeks per annum, leaving 10 weeks for vacations.

8. Supposing the population of the United States to be 13 millions, anl the number of graduates 1300, which is probably above the truth, then will the ratio of those who annually graduate to the whole population be 10,000th. This will prove that all the provision of this sort, made for public instruction has hitherto been limited to a comparatively small number, and where this kind of education is exclusively relied on, must prove extremely fallacious as a means of maintaining the standard of public intelligence.

Many of these institutions, it will be perceived, are in their infancy; and others are struggling against various adverse circumstances which it will require many years to surmount. Some of them have doubtless been erected in anticipation of the actual wants of the districts of country in which they are placed, and seem to have been established by certain sects and denominations of persons rather to pre-occupy the ground and to serve as caveats against others, than with any view to the public necessities. This circumstance has caused the terms college and university to be extrem ly vague in their application, as the establishments which they denote are almost as different from each other in means and appliances, as some of their number are from the humblest common schools. Twenty of the colleges in the above list have less than sixty scholars each. Many academies and high schools in the country have more than double that number, and the courses of study in the latter, are, to all useful purposes, ás extensive as

those of many of the colleges. In the fifty academies in the state of New York, there were in 1829, on an average, about seventy students each.

It is a fact somewhat remarkable, that in a country where no hierarchal rule is, or can be established, the authority of controlling education, especially in its higher departments, should be almost exclusively intrusted to the hands of clergymen. Among the names of colleges in the above list it is believed that not more than six can be enumerated of which the presiding officer is not of that profesison. It is true the exceptions are eminent ones, and, though recently made, will be likely to induce imitations in other quarters. Another fact not less worthy of remark,in this connexion is, that even in the selection of clergymen to fill the places of heads of colleges and of teachers in the various departments, no particular regard has been paid to the previous habits of the individual. A man who has gained perhaps a little notoriety by his declamations, or his boldness, or his uncharitable denunciations, is deemed thereby qualified to prepare the youth of the country for their civil and social duties, and among others for that of mutual kindness and forbearance towards their brethren of all denominations. This forbearance is unquestionably among the first obligations of an American citizen, since the spirit of the national and local compacts is violated by every instance of a departure from the charity it inculcates.

5. Professional Schools, though not essentially connected with the purposes of general instruction, are, to a certain extent, important in a public view. They serve to sustain in their alumni a certain sense of the dignity of the vocation to which they have applied themselves, and to maintain an "esprit du corps" (whether for good or for ill) among those who have derived their motives as well as their principles of action from a common source.

In comparing the lists of professional schools for 1831, we perceive that the United States contain twenty-seven of Theology, seventeen of Medicine, and nine of Law. Thus, Theology has erected for itself nearly twice as many establishments as Medicine, and three times as many as the Law. The following tablest, and the appended remarks, contain all that we deem it necessary to add in regard to this part of our subject.

The exceptions referred to, are Cambridge, Columbia, (N. Y University of Virginia, and South Carolina, College; to which may be added the new Girard College, in which the absurd practice of setting those to control teachers who have no knowledge of teaching, is carefully guarded against.

For many of the facts here presented, as well as for others relating to the subject under consideration, acknowledgment is due to the conductors of that useful annual, the American Almanac, commenced at Boston in 1830.

TABLE III.

A List of Theological Seminaries in the United States, with the denominations by which they are upheld; the places in which they are established; the date of their commencement; number of Clergymen they have sent forth, number of Students in 1831; the number of Votumes in their Libraries, and the number of Professors attached to

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No. of Prof.

No. of Stud.

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Univ. of Vermont,

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99

28

8888

40

Name.

Place..

New Haven,

Med. Sch. Yale Col.
Col. Phys. and Surg. New York,.

N. York.

Col. Phys. and Surg. Fairfield,
West. Dist.

Med. Dep. Univ. Penn. Philadelphia,
Med. Dep. of Jeff. Col. Philadelphia,
Canonsburg,

Med. Dep. Univ. of Md. Baltimore,
Med. Dep. Univ. of Va. Charlottesville,
Med. Col. Charleston, Charleston, S. C.
Med. Col. Transylvania Lexington, Ky.
Univ.

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No. of Prof.

No. of Stud

689

5

69! 7180

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Besides the above enumerated schools of medicine, there are several private establishments organized with a view to render the general studies of the medical stu98 dent during the intermission of regular courses, more profitable than they could be when confined to the solitary closet. Of these no less than three are known to exist in Philadelphia besides the College of Pharmacy, which is itself intimately connected with medical educa95 tion and practice. The instructions in the private establishments just referred to, consist of lectures and ex35 aminations duly intermixed, and both these have refer ence to the public lectures and final examinations of the

medical colleges to which they may be regarded as sub-ed in the messages of several governors of states, and sidiary.

The condition of American law schools can hardly be gathered with sufficient accuracy to enable us to present a regular statement concerning them. They are all of recent origin, and are here presented rather to give a ground to conjecture what will in future be the method of conducting legal studies than to show what is the course now pursued. It is probable that in a very great proportion of cases the old method of gleaning up scraps and fragments of knowledge from the details of business and from irregular application amidst the confusion of the lawyer's office is still pursued. In some instances the law academies enumerated in the following list are merely associations of members of the bar and students, for mutual improvement in their studies by discussions and moot courts.

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Charleston,

Williamsburg, Va. Staunton, Va. Charleston, S. C. Lexington, Ky.

No. of Prof.

22

2

No. of Stud.

41

33

22

9

201

acted on by colleges, academies, and private institutions. The fact just stated proves, that reflecting men perceive a capital defect in the system heretofore pursued, to have been the want of a distinct recognition of the business of education as a permanent and honorable pursuit, and the absence of all regular preparation for the duties of instruction. This evil has not been confined to any one class of institutions, but has proved as detrimental to the true interests of the colleges as of the common schools. In the former, it has frequently happened that a man of some other profession has been taken from the ranks of his own calling, and set up at once with the title, dignity, and emoluments of a commander in chief in a totally different service; where of course he had every thing to learn, and where his previous habits had done any thing but qualify him for the arduous duties of instruc tion. The folly of those who seleet is 'only equalled in such cases by the "modest assurance' of those who accept their appointment.

As a means of advancing the interests of general education, recourse has been had to conventions and associations among the teachers ond other friends of the cause, who, by deliberation and the free interchange of opinions, have done much to rouse attention to the various topics connected with the subject-have diffused much useful light and information, and created a more liberal and worthy spirit of regard to the public provision for education. To the city of Boston is due the credit of having called the first literary convention for the promotion of this honorable cause. This step was to have been expected from a city which may be styled not more emphatically the cradle of liberty than that of universal education.

Other convocations for similar purposes have since been held, and have doubtless conferred much benefit on the parties concerned, as well as on those over whom they exercise a control. If they have done no more in Under the head of professional schools we ought some instances than prove how discordant were the preperhaps to class the military and naval school estab-vious opinions of their members, and how far the syslishments of the country. Of the latter, indeed, we should have little to say, as they have not yet come into being, except in the form of casual arrangements for teaching on board the national vessels and at some of the naval stations.

tems and methods pursued in many seminaries are removed from the perfection of which they are susceptible, they will have overcome at least one of the pre-existing obstacles to improvement. The convention at Boston resulted in the establishment of a society term

The military academy at West Point is the only es-ed the "American Institute of Instruction," the memtablishment of that description for the service of the army. Its usefulness and eminence are justly deemed the pride of the nation. It sends forth annually about 30 or 40 graduates, and the whole number of cadets in

1831 was 222.

6. Societies for the improvement of education.-The thoughts and reflections of American citizens hrave for the last twenty years been frequently called to every branch of the subject, both of education and instruction. The claims of education, moral, intellectual, and physical, have been urged with a zeal worthy of the cause, and with a devotedness which makes ultimate success the certain reward of all human effort. The divisions and subdivisions of the subject have claimed each the labors of many vigorous minds, and though much, very much, yet remains to be done in order to realize the wishes of the wise and good in this particu- lar, the cause is unquestionably making advancement at a speed far more encouraging than at any former period. It may be mentioned as a curious coincidence, illustrative of the rising interest of the subject, that in the year 1825, on one topic in education, the formation of schools for teachers, which had previously been hardly mentioned in public, no less than four distinct publications appeared simultaneously in as many different and distant states, without concert or co-operation on the part of their authors.

These pamphlets were read with attention, became the subjects of frequent comment, and the matters of which they treated have already (1832) been present VOLI X. 34

bers of which, "pledging their zealous efforts to promote the cause of popular education," proceeded to adopt a constitution liberal in its nature, and admirably calculated to insure the harmony and co-operation of all ingenuous minds.

While similar associations shall continue to be actuated by equally enlarged and patriotic views, and shall keep clear of all questions and discussions on which, from their very nature, no satisfactory decision can be had, they will doubtless contribute in the most effectual manner to the success of a cause which cannot but be regarded as of the highest individual and national importance.

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Delaware and Chester-William Jackson,+ Dr. James ris. t Smith. +§

Bucks-William T. Rogers+§

Berks and Schuylkill-Jacob Krebs, PaulGeiger. *§
Lancaster-Henry Hibshman, John Robinson.+

Dauphin and I.ebanon-Jacob Stoever. *

Northumberland, &c.-Samuel J. Packert.

Luzerne, &c.-Uzal Hopkins, "§

Bradford, &c.-Reuben Wilber.*

Northampton, Lehigh, Wayne and Pike-Jacob Kern, Walter C. Livingstont.

Centre, &c.-Henry Petriken.*

York and Adams-Henry Smyser, Ezra Blythe.*
Franklin-David Fullertont

Cumberland and Perry-Jesse Miller.

Huntingdon, Cambria, Mifflin and Juniata-George

McCullough.(*

Westmoreland-John Klingensmith, jr.*

Fayette and Greene-Solomon G. Krepps.*

Washington-Thomas Ringland.

Allegheny-William Hays #

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Bedford and Somerset-William Piper.‡
Mercer, &c.-Thomas S. Cunningham.*
Armstrong, Indiana, &c. Philip Mechling+.
Butler, &c.-Moses Sullivan.+

bers

Democrats-fClay-men #Anti-masons New mem

Huntingdon-Samuel Royer,+* James Clarke..+*
Beaver-Abner Lacock,† Benjamin Adams.
Allegheny-Andrew Bayne, William W. Irwin,+*
James Hulze, t* John Scott.*
Butler-Alexander Bryson +*

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The United States Mint, located in Chesnut street, between Broad and Juniper streets, Philadelphia, is generally considered one of the handsomest buildings HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. of the country. The corner stone was laid on the 4th of July, 1829, and the edifice is not yet entirely comPhiladelphia city-Abraham Miller.† William H. pleted. It is 123 feet front, and of proportionate depth. Keating, William T. Smith, George W. Toland, † The order of the architecture is Doric, taken from the Joseph G. Clarkson,† Benjamin Say,† Thos. F. Leam-celebrated Grecian Temple on the llyssus, near ing.t

Philadelphia county-Francis J. Harper,t John Thompson, Benjamin Matthias,† James Hanna,† John M. Ogden,† John Wistar, jr.† John H. Gibbon,† Lynford Lardner.t.

Bucks-Daniel Boileau,† Christian Bertles,† Col. John Hart, John H. Bispham.t

Chester Thomas Ashbridge, Arthur Andrews,* Dr. Benjamin Griffith,* Elijah F. Pennypacker.*

Lancaster-Thomas H. Burrows, John Strohm,*

Athens.

The buildings consist of a basement, principal and attic stories. The officer's rooms, vaults, &c. on the Chesnut street front, and part of the western flank, are arched in a complete fire-proof manner. The roof is entirely of copper, and covers the whole area of the building, with the exception of a court-yard in the centre of the interior pile. The court is 55 by 84 feet, and is designed to afford a free communication, by means of piazzas in each story, with all parts of the build

ing, and to give additional light to the various apartments contained within its walls.

The entrance from the south portico is into a circular vestibule, communicating immediately with the apartments of the Director and Treasurer, and the arched passages with those of the chief coiner, melter, and refiner, and with the rooms for receiving bullion and delivering coins. The passages communicate also by a marble stair-case in each wing, with the attic story, where are the apartments of the Assayers and Engra

vers.

The east flank and north section of the edifice contains the rooms appropriated to the operations of the chief coiner.

The operations of the melter and refiner are accommodated in a range of apartments extending 95 feet by 32. The principal melting room is an apartment of 37 feet by 32, and the process of gold and silver parting, for which a contracted space would be peculiarly unfit, is provided for in an apartment of 53 feet by 32.

The preparatory operations of the chief coiner are accommodated in two rooms for laminating ingots, of 55 feet by 40, opening to the north portico; the propelling steam power being placed in the basement story. A range of apartments extending 120 feet by 32 is appropriated to the more immediate operations of coinage, and the machinery connected therewith. The principal coinage room extends 37 feet by 32,being sufficiently capacious to contain ten coining presses.

The mint was established "for the purpose of a national coinage," with provisions obviously designed to attract by liberal facilities, an influx of the precious metals sufficient for an abundant currency. The reports of the Director to the President of the United States, laid annually before congress, exhibit the extent to which the purposes of the institution have been accomplished, hitherto, with imperfect means and offer an auspicious promise of higher usefulness, under its extended powers, in future years.

AN'ACT

use of the commonwealth, approved the twenty-fifth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and thirty. one, be and the same are hereby transferred and assign. ed to the common school fund; and that at the expiration of twelve months after the passage of this act, and regularly at the expiration of every twelve months thereafter, the State Treasurer shall report to the said com missioners, the amount of money thus received by him during the twelve months last preceding, together with a certificate of the amount thereof, and that the same is held by the commonwealth for the use of the common school fund, at an interest of five per cent.

SECT. 3. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the interest of the monies belonging to said fund shall be added to the principal as it becomes due, and the whole amount thereof shall be held by the commonwealth, and remain subject to the provisions of an act entitled "An act relative to the Pennsylvania canal and rail-road." Approved twenty-second April, one thousand eight hundred and twenty nine, until the interest thereof shall amount to the sum of one hundred thousand dollars annually, after which the interest shall be annually distributed and applied to the support of common schools throughout this commonwealth, in such manner as shall hereafter be provided by law.

FREDK. SMITH.

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PERKIOMEN BRIDGE.-We regret to state that the extensive new Bridge about being erected over the Perkiomen Creek, at Vanderslice's Ford, by the Commissioners of this county, after having been so far complet. ed as to be passable for foot passengers, with a good roof over it, gave way in the centre and fell with a treThe loss will be great, but the inconvience and disappointment much greater. -Norristown Herald.

Providing for the establishment of a general system of mendous crash into the water. education.

Sect. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That there shall be and there hereby is established a fund to be denominated a Common School Fund, and the Secretary of the Commonmonth, the Auditor General and the Secretary of the Land Officers shall be commissioners thereof, who or a majority of them, in addition to the duties they now perform, shall receive and manage such monies and other things as shall pertain to said fund in the most advantageous manner, and shall receive and hold to the use of said fund all such gifts, grants and donations as may be made to the same by private individuals or otherwise, and shall apply the same to the purposes for which such gifts, grants and donations may be made; and that said commissioners shall keep a correct record of their proceedings, which together with all papers and documents relative to said fund, shall be kept and preserved in the office of the Auditor General.

SECT. 2. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That from and after the passage of this act, all monies due and owing this commonwealth by the holders of unpatented lands; also all monies secured to the commonwealth by mortgages or lien on land for the purchase money of the same; also all moneys paid to the State Treasurer on any application hereafter entered on any warrant hereafter issued, or any patent hereafter granted for land, as also all fees received in the land office, as well as all monies received in pursuance of the provisions of the fourth section of an act entitled "An act to increase the county rates and levies for the

THE BEET BEAT.—In our last we had an extract from the York County Farmer, boasting of a large Beet raised in that county. One of the red species was pulled in the garden of the Misses Barber of this place, a few days ago, which weighed, after being trimmed, thirteen pounds. It was 18 inches long; 21 inches in circumference where it was the largest; and 13 at three inches from the small end. So the beet is beaten by six pounds.-Columbia Spy.

BEAT THESE TOMATOS.-Mr. John L. Wright of this borough, brought to our office on Thursday last, five Tomatos, which were raised in his garden, weighing six pounds and 1 ounce. The largest weighed i lb. the smallest 1 lb. 1 oz; they were in two bunches. Now as we have beat the beet of York County, we want the Editor of the Farmer to reciprocate the favor by beating these Tomatos.-ib.

CHOLERA AT CHAMBERSBURG.-The Chambersburg Republican of Tuesday, says: "During the week, about fifteen cases of cholera have occurred in our borough, four of which have proved fatal, the others have either recovered or are convalescent. Our citizens have not yet recovered from the panic occasioned by the appearance of the disease-the streets have lost their former bustle; but little business is doing; and at night scarcely a person is seen out of doors."

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