Pakistan Development Review, Volume 16Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, 1977 - Pakistan |
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Page 1
An Estimation of the Grant Element in Foreign Aid M.A. MAHMOOD * Introduction The purpose of aid is to effect a real transfer of resources from the ... grant element are A An Estimation of the Grant Element in Foreign Mir Annice Mahmood.
An Estimation of the Grant Element in Foreign Aid M.A. MAHMOOD * Introduction The purpose of aid is to effect a real transfer of resources from the ... grant element are A An Estimation of the Grant Element in Foreign Mir Annice Mahmood.
Page 4
... grant element for the loan . This is given below : Q Q PV × 100 or ( 1 PV ) × 100 Q ( 3 ) where Q is the amount of the principal loaned and PV is its present value . The next step involves the calculation of the weighted grant elements ...
... grant element for the loan . This is given below : Q Q PV × 100 or ( 1 PV ) × 100 Q ( 3 ) where Q is the amount of the principal loaned and PV is its present value . The next step involves the calculation of the weighted grant elements ...
Page 7
d G.E. G.E. d Xi Xi where G.E. is the grant element and Xi is one of the three variables.3 These transformation elasticities may be estimated by regressing the natural logarithm ( log ) of the G.E. on the log of Xi . The ... Grant Element 7.
d G.E. G.E. d Xi Xi where G.E. is the grant element and Xi is one of the three variables.3 These transformation elasticities may be estimated by regressing the natural logarithm ( log ) of the G.E. on the log of Xi . The ... Grant Element 7.
Contents
Table3 Continued | 14 |
A Simple Optimisation Model for Cotton Processing Activities | 17 |
ON ON 02 | 21 |
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adjusted age of marriage age of wife agricultural assumption average Bangladesh capital cloth coarse yarn coefficients constraints consumption contraception in Pakistan cost couples crops demand for contraception developing countries Deviation domestic Economic Development Economy of Pakistan educational level effective exchange rate employment estimates expenditure explanatory variable export factors family planning farm farmers favour fertility foreign inflow gross domestic product growth rate high parity illiterate Impact Survey import substitution important income groups increase industry Institute of Development intake investment Islamabad Karachi level of urbanization living children Mohammad Afzal number of children number of living objective functions opportunity cost output P₁ Pakistan Development Review Pakistan Institute percent period PIDE population growth poverty line primary education problem production programme Punjab ratio Rawalpindi regression rupees rural solutions spindles Statistical Table target tion trade vital rates Y₁ yarn