Pakistan Development Review, Volume 16Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, 1977 - Pakistan |
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Page 102
... exchange rate . The relevant rate for measuring incentives ā or the effective rate as it is frequently referred to - is the official rate of exchange adjusted for export taxes and subsidies . However , the term " effective exchange rate ...
... exchange rate . The relevant rate for measuring incentives ā or the effective rate as it is frequently referred to - is the official rate of exchange adjusted for export taxes and subsidies . However , the term " effective exchange rate ...
Page 103
... rate than export prices . Furthermore , an increase in the general level of domestic prices erodes the real value of exporters ' margins and this decline in their real income may cause exporters ... Exchange Rate for Manufactured Exports 103.
... rate than export prices . Furthermore , an increase in the general level of domestic prices erodes the real value of exporters ' margins and this decline in their real income may cause exporters ... Exchange Rate for Manufactured Exports 103.
Page 109
... exchange rate , EER is the effective exchange rate , r is the average bonus rate ( weights based on values exported ) and p is the average premium during the year . 1971-72-1972-73 Annual Plan 1973-74 p . 35 1973-74 1974-75 Official rate ...
... exchange rate , EER is the effective exchange rate , r is the average bonus rate ( weights based on values exported ) and p is the average premium during the year . 1971-72-1972-73 Annual Plan 1973-74 p . 35 1973-74 1974-75 Official rate ...
Contents
Table3 Continued | 14 |
A Simple Optimisation Model for Cotton Processing Activities | 17 |
ON ON 02 | 21 |
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adjusted age of marriage age of wife agricultural assumption average Bangladesh capital cloth coarse yarn coefficients constraints consumption contraception in Pakistan cost couples crops demand for contraception developing countries Deviation domestic Economic Development Economy of Pakistan educational level effective exchange rate employment estimates expenditure explanatory variable export factors family planning farm farmers favour fertility foreign inflow gross domestic product growth rate high parity illiterate Impact Survey import substitution important income groups increase industry Institute of Development intake investment Islamabad Karachi level of urbanization living children Mohammad Afzal number of children number of living objective functions opportunity cost output Pā Pakistan Development Review Pakistan Institute percent period PIDE population growth poverty line primary education problem production programme Punjab ratio Rawalpindi regression rupees rural solutions spindles Statistical Table target tion trade vital rates Yā yarn