FIGURES 25 AND 75. worked his way up to the comfortable income of $1,300. But this is SINGULAR AND USEFUL FACT CONNECTED WITH THE not all. Every employee of the bank is entitled to a retiring pension of an amount proportioned to the number of years he has served. After forty years' service, we believe, a clerk is entitled to retire upon a pension equal to the amount of the salary which he enjoyed at the time of his retirement. When a clerk is absent on leave, he forfeits 33 cents per day-an arrangement which has the double advantage of securing the bank from imposition, and of giving a modest man the courage to ask for leave of absence when it is necessary. Indeed, the system generally seems to us the only one by which faithful service can be rationally expected. This multiplication and addition might be carried on for ever, and the result would still be the same; the figures denoting the product, when added up together, giving in every instance 9 or a multiple of 9; such as 108, 117, 126, 135, 144, 153, 1,008, 1,017, &c. This property is peculiar to the number 9. : Another singular property of this number must not be forgotten. If you reverse the order of the figures denoting this number, the dif ference between the two numbers, so changed, will always be 9. For example I take the number 21; I reverse the order of the two figures and I have 12. Well, the difference between 12 and 21, will be 9. Again, of 52 I make 25, and the difference between the two numbers will be 27, a multiple of 9. The number 13 reversed gives me 31, and the difference between the two numbers is 18, or twice 9. It is to be observed that this property of the two numbers reversed in order, belongs to every power of the same numbers. Take for example 21 and 12: the square of 21 will be 441, and the square of 12 will be 144. Now the difference, 297, is a multiple of 9; and moreover, the figures of the two numbers denoting those powers, when added up together, will make 9. If we go on to the cube, we find that the cube of 21 is 9,261, and that of 12 is 1,728: and the difference between is a multiple of 9, and yet they are not formed of the same figures. All the other powers of 21 and 12 follow the same rule. Property of the number 27.-The number 37 multiplied by 3, or by any multiple of 3 up to 27, has the property of always giving as its product three figures exactly alike. The knowledge of this property facilitates, by shortening the multiplication of the number 37 by any number not exceeding 27; nothing more being necessary than to multiply the first figure of the multiplicand by the first figure of the multiplier, and when the figure denoting the unit is thus found, to repeat the same figure both for the tens and the hundreds, and the three figures will invariably be found to be the right product. Morethese three figures, when added up together, will be of the same amount with the multiplier, as may be seen in the following table of the multiplication of 37 by 3, 6, 9, &c., up to 27: over, 37 multiplied by 3 gives 111 3 times 1 are 3 46 333 ... 222 ... 3 2" 6 3" 9 444 3 66 .. 555 3 แ 666 3 6 "18 86 888 3 "" 999 ... But this rule only holds good in multiplying from 3 to 27.-Boys Own Journal. It may not be generally known that any sum can be multiplied by 25 by simply adding two ciphers to the multiplicand, or sum to be multiplied, and then dividing by 4. Take, for example, 68 and multiply it by 25; two ciphers being added make it 6800, which sum being divided by 4 gives the quotient or answer, 1700. The reason why the amount is thus obtained is as follows: two ciphers being added to 68 have exactly the same effect on that sum as if it were multiplied by 100, and that sum multiplied being divided by 4, gives the 4th part, or amount due to 25. Any sum may also be multiplied by 75 by the same rule, in the following manner: To the sum to be multiplied, say 68, add two ciphers, which make 6800; divide by 4, which gives 1700 or 4th part, and the 1700 or 4th part, being subtracted from the aforesaid 6800, leaves the remaining three-fourths or amount due to 75. Educational Intelligence. CANADA. MONTHLY SUMMARY. LOWER CANADA JOURNALS OF EDUCATION.—Since the publication of the The January Number of this Journal, a French and English Edition of the Lower Canada Journal of Education has made its appearance. first Numbers issued are double Numbers. This has been rendered necessary from the desire of the Chief Superintendent to present in complete detail the measures which have been adopted to carry into effect the Provisions of the recent Acts for the Promotion of Education in Lower Canada, including the establishment of a threefold Normal School, and the publication of a French and English Journal of Education, &c. A View of the Jacques Cartier and M'Gill Normal Schools is given in the respective Numbers. We hail, with great satisfaction, the appearance of these Journals; and feel assured that they cannot fail, under the able management of Mr Chauveau and his efficient co-Editors, to accomplish great good in the promotion of the noble cause to which they, in common with our own Journal, are specially devoted. CONVOCATION, &c., UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO. On the 4th inst., a deputation, consisting of the Hon. Mr. Patton, B.C.L., President of the University Association, and Messrs. Crooks, M. A.; Smith, D. C. L.; Hodgins, B.A.; Morris, M.A.; Blake, B.A.; Wedd, M.A.; Nicol, M.D.. members of the Executive Committee, and other graduates, proceeded to the Government House and presented a memorial to the Governor General, praying for the restoration of Convocation and the Faculties of Law and Medicine. His Excellency replied verbally, that he could not give s more formal answer to the Memorial than that the subject of it would receive his most serious consideration; that the present constitution of the University was not dependent upon the action of the Government, but upon the state of the law amending the original charter; and that any arrangements which the wisdom of Parliament saw fit to make on the subject, the Government were bound to carry out in the best manner. Excellency made some further remarks on the powers of the Convocation of the University of Oxford, and the deputation then withdrew. His SENATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO. His Excellency the Governor General has been pleased to appoint H.H. Croft, Esq., D.C.L., Professor of Chemistry and Experimental Philosophy, University College, Toronto; John B. Cherriman, Esq., M. A., Professor of Natural Philosophy, University College, Toronto; Daniel Wilson, Esq., LL.D., Professor of History and English Literature, University College, Toronto; the Rev. John Jennings; the Honourable James Patton, B. C. L., and Oliver Mowat, Esq., Queen's Counsel, to be additional Members of the Senate of the University of Toronto. SCHOOL SECTION LIBRARIES. A teacher, writing from North Easthope, says "Our School Section Library is giving great satisfaction. Although this is only a small Section there have been nearly fifteen hundred readings during the first year; and we are now selecting from the Supplementary Catalogue with a view to send for more Books." College have formed themselves into a Society, similar to the Association of the University of Toronto under the title of "The McGill University Society." Alexander Morris, Esq., M. A., is the President. BRITISH AND FOREIGN. MONTHLY SUMMARY. OXFORD UNIVERSITY ACCOUNTS FOR 1856.-From an abstract of the general accounts of the University for the year ending Nov. 6, 1856, prepared by the delegates of accounts and issued by the Vice-Chancellor, we find the total amount of payments is £28,172 against the receipts of £22,638, making a loss of £5,533 6s 11d in the year. The chief expenses of the University are as follow:-purchase of estate near the parks from Merton College, with interest for one year, £9,634; stipends due annually by statute or by decree of Convocation, £7,147 13s 8d; police account, Bodleian Library account, lighting and paving rates, and other payments, formerly charged on the university dues, £6,003 5s 1d; law charges, and and other miscellaneous payments, £1,566 14s 64d; returned to the Lords of the Treasury for the Parliamentary grant to the professors, paid in error for the year 1855, £890 9s 4d; payments fixed by ancient custom or decree of Convocation, £7,91 18s; grants of money by decree of Convocation, £784 9s; schools accourt, £532 2s 2d. Balance in favour of the University, Nov. 6, 1855, £8,666 4s 24d; receipts for the year 1856, £22,638 148 54d; making a total of receipts of £31,304 19s 8d. Deduct payments for the year, £28,172 Os 4d4d; leaving a balance in fovour of the University, Nov, 6, 1856, of £3,132 18s 3 d. WORKING MEN'S COLLEGE AFFILIATED.-The Senate of the University of London have resolved to admit the Working Men's College in the University. MEDICAL STUDENTS-LONDON.-The number of medical students now pursuing their studies at the various metropolitan hospitals amounts to 1,080. DEATH OF DR. PARIS.-It is with very sincere regret that we an nounce the death of this excellent and distinguished man Few men have run so long and at the same time so honorable a career. For half a century precisely, Dr. Paris had practised as a physician and had risen to the very highest honors which it was in the power of his professional brethren to bestow. He was born at Cambridge. QUEEN'S COLLEge, Ireland,—A late London Gazette contains the appointment of the Commissioners to inquire into the progress and condition of Queen's Colleges at Belfast, Cork, and Galway respectively. They iconsist of the Marquis of Kildare, Sir T. N. Redington, B, Price, Esq., and J. Gibson, Esq. INDEPENDENT COLLEGE AT HALIFAX.-It is proposed to erect, near Manchester, a new Congregationalist College, at a cost of £20,000. The Halifax Guardian, referring to this project, says :-" The liberality of the Messrs. Crossley, of this town, seems to know no bounds. This week John Crossley, Esq., has commenced preparations for erecting a college which, when completed, is to vie with the schools at Harrow and Rugby, and other equalty celebrated scholastic establishments. We have not seen the plans for the architectural elevation, but we understand the college will be a massive building, with a large spire and four small towers, and, from its elevated position, will form a grand object for observation for many miles round. When completed, there will be ample accommodation for 130 pupils, and nine resident masters, with the principal. The large dining hail will be on the south side of the college, and from its windows a most exten'led view of the neighbouring hills will be obtained. The school-room is on the osposite side of the of the college, and both rooms are to be perfect gems. Commodious class-rooms, baths, lavatories, museum, and library are to occupy the ground-floor, all of which wil be communicated with by a spacious corridor lighted from the roof. This munificent and princely gift to the town and neighborhood cannot be too highly estimated. Literary and Scientific Intelligence. SCIENCE IN FRANCE.-The prize of thirty thousand fraucs instituted by the Emperor of the French for the most notable discovery in science, has been awarded to M. Fizeau for his experiments and demonstrations on the rapidity of the movement of light.-M. Carrere has shown to the Academy that Newton's rings may be reproduced by letting fall on water a drop of a solution of bitumen of Judea, with benzine and naphtha. It is a curious optical experiment, and the more so, as the film may be taken off the surface of the water on a sheet of paper, and kept, when dry, for permanent observation.-The French Government have established a system of meteorological observations for the whole of France, and observations are now sent every day to the central observatory at Paris; five meteorological observatories are also to be started in Algiers, three on the coast and two in the interior, whereby some knowledge will be arrived at of the atmospheric and other climatic phenomena of that part of Africa.--The spongy metals discovered by M. Chenat are found applicable to purposes for which castings have hitherto been used. The metal is subjected to hydraulic pressure, and any variety of form and surface may be produced, solid and durable, with great economy of time and expense. -ANOTHER METAL DISCOVERED.-Dr. Hoffman, following in the wake of Davy and Deville, has come forward as a discoverer of metal. In a lecture delivered by him lately at the British Royal Institution, he exhibited a bright glistening mass, something resembling butter, and described it as ammonium--the metallic base of ammonia. This is regarded as a highly interesting chemical fact, inasmuch as it strengthens the views entertained respecting the constituents of the atmosphere, viz: that they are all metallic. -MARBLEIZING PLASTER OBJECTS.-Objects in plaster of Paris are now rendered like marble, by coating them, one or more times, with a liquid of two parts stearine and two parts Venetian soap, with 20 or 30 parts of cold solution of caustic potassia; then add one part of pearlash, and cold ley sufficient to produce perfect flexibility. -AMERICAN PATENTS IN 1856.-It appears from the classification of patents granted last year, that New England, with about one-ninth of the population of the country, has nearly a third of the patents. New York, with about one-eighth of the population, has also nearly a third, and more than all New England. Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New Jersey, among the other States, are those which exhibit the greatest inventive activity. More patents have been granted to residents of the District of Columbia, in proportion to the population, than to any other territory. -REVOLVING OBLITERATING STAMP.-The Postmaster-General has been pleased to grant Mr. John Gilchrist, a stamper in the General Post-office, Edinburgh, a gratuity of £10, in consideration of that officer's zeal and ingenuity in bringing to perfection a revolving obliterating stamp. --LIGHTNING RODS ATTRACTING LIGHTNING.-Sir Snow Harris has made a valuable scientific report to Parliament, in which he refutes the fallacy of the unphilosophical assumption that lightning rods "attract" the lightning, and so act as efficient safeguards. It is proved by an extensive induction of facts, and a large generalization in the application of metallic conductors, that metallic substances have not exclusively in themselves any more attractive influence for the agency of lightning than other kinds of common matter; but that, on the contrary, by confining and restraining the electrical discharge within a very narrow limit, the application of a small rod or wire of metal to a given portion of a building is in reality highly objectionable. -NOVEL METEOROLOGICAL THEORY.-The late fearful inundations in France have set the philosophers and savans of Paris to speculating upon the probable causes of a calamity which, with more or less violence, afflicts the country periodically. At a late sitting of the Academy of Science, an essay was read on the subject, in which the idea was advanced that the overflows of the rivers are chiefly occasioned by the sirocco from Africa. It is conjectured that the hot blast in its course over the sea causes a rapid and copious evaporation, and that the vapors are carried by it and finally condensed amid the cold atmosphere of the mountains in the centre, East and South of France, where they descend and flow into the plain and valleys in fierce torrents, whose volume is swollen by the waters of the melting snows. This is at least an ingenious and plausible theory, whatever may be its practical value. -INSTRUMENT FOR DETERMINING LATITUDE.-An English mechanician has invented a very ingeniously constructed nautical instrument for accur. ately determining both latitude and lodgitude, without the assistance of a chronometer and without lunar observations--an observation of the sun only, being required. -BRITISH COMMERCE.-No fact can more clearly show the enormous activity of British commerce than this-that the exports of our home produce and manufactures for eleven months of the past year exceed by £10,000,000 in value our similar exports for the whole of the preceding year. The value of the produce and manufactures of the United Kingdom exported in 1855 amounted to £95,000,000; when the returns of 1858 are published, they will probably exhibit an increase of more than £20,000,000 for the whole year.--Times. Departmental Notices. SPECIAL NOTICE TO TEACHERS. Public notice is hereby given to all Teachers of Common Schools in Upper Canada, who may wish to avail themselves at any future time of the advantages of the Superannuated Common School Teachers' Fund, that it will be necessary for them to transmit to the Chief Superintendent, without delay, if they have not already done so, their annual subscription of $4, commencing with 1854. The law authorizing the establishment of this fund provides, "that no teacher shall be entitled to share in the said fund who shall not contribute to such fund at least at the rate of one pound per annum." This proviso of the law will be strictly enforced in all cases; and intimation is thus early given to all Teachers, who have not yet sent in their subscriptions, to enable them to comply with the law, and so prevent future misunderstanding or disappointment, when application is made to be placed as a pensioner on the fund. SCHOOL MAPS AND APPARATUS. The Legislature having granted annually, from the commencement of 1855, a sufficient sum of money to enable the Department to supply Maps and Apparatus (not text-books) to Grammar and Common Schools, upon the same terms as Library Books are now supplied to Trustees and Municipalities the Chief Superintendent of Education will be happy to add one hundred per cent. to any sum or sums, not less than five dollars, transmitted to the Department; and to forward Maps, Apparatus, Charts, and Diagrams to the value of the amount thus augmented, upon receiving a list of the articles required by the Trustees. In all cases it will be necessary for any person, acting on behalf of the Trustees, to enclose or present a written authority to do so, verified by the corporate seal of the Trus tees. A selection of articles to be sent can always be made by the Department, when so desired.* *The Form of Application should be as follows: SIR,-The undersigned, Trustees [Reeve, or Clerk] of ILLUSTRATED HAND BOOK OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY OF BRITISH AMERICA W ILL be published about the first of May a HAND BOOK OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY OF BRITISH NORTH AMER ICA, This Hand Book is designed to accompany two Maps of the British Provinces, prepared by the author under the authority of the Chie Superintendent, for the use of the Public Schools of Upper Canada, and published in the Irish National, and W. & A. K. Johnston's, Series of Maps. In addition to the usual Geographical information, this Hand Book will contain a summary of the history of each of the British Provinces, and a short sketch of the lives of those individuals whose names are associated with our early Colonial history, &c. &c. With numerous illustrations. Cloth, gilt, lettered, pp. about 70. Price about $3 or $34 per dozen; 37 cents each. Toronto, March 18th, 1857. The Educational Directory & Calendar, for Canada, for 1857. B. A., UNIV. COLL., TORONTO. Joint Editor of the Educational Manual for Upper Canada, MONTAINING an Almanac of the dates prescribed by law, regulation CONT Austom for the Common and Grammar Schools, Colleges, Uni versities, Law Societies, Medical Boards, Provincial Land Surveyors, &e. in Upper and Lower Canada,-and the following: THE SCHOOLS.-Historical Sketch of the Grammar and Common Schools Education Departments and Officers for Upper and Lower Canada; Normal and Model Schools in ditto; Upper Canada Grammar Schools, and Lower Canada Colleges, and their Principals or Head Masters, and other Officers; subjects for Examination of Candidates for Masterships of Grammar and Common Schools, and for Provincial Certificates from the Normal School, &c. &c.; Local Superintendents and Inspectors of Grammar and Common Schools in Upper and Lower Canada; County Wardens, Treasurers and Clerks. THE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES.-Subjects for Matriculation, Scholarships, &c., and the Degrees, in the Faculties of Arts, Medicine and Law; Senates, Councils, Professors and other Officers of Instruction; Graduates, Fees and Terms, &c., in the following Institutions: University of Toronto, and Matriculated Students, with dates of their Degrees, &c.; Scholarships, University College, Upper Canada College, Victoria College, Queen's College, Trinity College, McGill College, University of Laval, Bishop's College; Regiopolis College, Bytown College, St. Michael's College, Knox's College, United Presbyterian Divinity Hall, Congregational Institute, &c., together with an historical sketch of each. THE PROFESSIONS.-Subjects for Examinations of Law Students and Barristers; Regulations of Medical Boards, and of Provincial Land Surveyors in Upper and Lower Canada. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATIONS.-Provincial, Collegiate, and Metropolitan, and their Officers. MEMORANDA-Digest of the Decisions of the Courts of Queen's Bench and Common Pleas on School Questions, plans of School-houses, &c. Price 1s. 3d. Will be published in a few days, and may be procured at the book stores. BAPTIST LITERARY INSTITUTE. UBSCRIBERS to the Literary Institute or Seminary about being erected at Woodstock, in connection with the Baptist Denomination, will take place at the Baptist Chapel, Woodstock, on Wednesday the 18th are hereby notified that the postponed meeting for the election of Trustees day of March next. A full attendance is particularly requested. Parties not having subscribed, but who may wish to do so, will have an opportunity at the meeting in question. The meeting will take place at 1 o'clock, p. m. Woodstock, March 3, 1857. being anxious to supply the Section (or Township) with suitable school requisites, [or library books,] hereby make application for the [maps, books, &c.,] enumerated in the accompanying list, in terms of the Departmental notice, relating to maps and apparatus, [or library books.] The [maps or library books] selected are, bona fide, for the use of the school [or municipality and they hereby pledge themselves and their successors in office, not to dispose of them, nor permit them to be disposed of to any private party or for any private purpose whatsoever; but that they shall be appropriated exclusively to the use of the school, [or municipality,] in terms of the Regulations granting one hundred per cent. on the present remit-JACQUES & HAY continue to make School Desks and Chairs of the tance. --to procure for us the -in terms of the foregoing [Name of Trustees, &c.] SCHOOL FURNITURE. most approved patterns, and can execute orders promptly and at moderate prices. Toronto, March 3, 1857. ADVERTISEMENTS inserted in the Journal of Education for on penny per word, which may be remitted in postage stamps, or otherwise. TERMS: For a single copy of the Journal of Education, 5s. per annum back vols. neatly stitched, supplied on the same terms. All subscriptions to commence with the January number, and payment in advance must in all cases accompany the order. Single numbers, 74d. each. application. TO THE CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION, TORONTO. NOTE. A Corporate Seal must be affixed to the foregoing application, otherwise it is of no legal value. Text-books cannot be furnished on the terms mentioned above. They must be paid for in full at the net catalogue price. The 100 per cent. will not be allowed on any sum less than $5, which must be remitted in one sum for either library or maps and apparatus. TORONTO: Printed by LOVELL & GIBSON, corner of Yonge and Melinda Streets. All communications to be addressed to Mr. J. GEORGE HODGINS, PLAN NO. VI. PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF ONE OF THE TORONTO CITY WARD SCHÄOLS. In 1854, the Board of Trustees for the City of Toronto, rected three School-houses similar to the above in the city. ree others of a different construction were erected in 1852. is building will accommodate nearly 500 pupils. The six nool-houses will accommodate about 2,500 children. The cost of this building, including fittings, etc., was $12,000 The plan of the interior arrangement, seats, &c., has not been published. It, however, includes the recent improvements as detailed in the accompanying diagrams. Play-yard and sheds are in the rear. School house No. vn. has just been erected in Rochester. It is a substantial and elegant building, and in its general arrangement, and adaptation to school purposes, is superior to any other school house in that section of the State. One fault of several of the school houses built within the last few years, is the large size of the rooms designed for the primary scholars. The fault is not because there is room to sparefor those of the largest size are full to overflowing, and so many LEADLEY MILLER IS DEL Je: G F LIBRARY The building is heated by two of Chilson's Furnaces in the basement. It will be seen that there are two primary rooms, in each of which can be comfortably accommodated as many as one teacher can instruct. The intermediate rooms, though about the same size as the primary, will be occupied by older pupils, pursuing a greater range of studies, and they will seat more than two teachers can well instruct. The third teacher will occupy the adjoining recitation room, which it will be seen communicates with both of the intermediate rooms, so that classes can be received from either or both as circumstances may require. FIG. III.-PLAN VII. A. Senior Room, 50 by 58 feet. L. Library and Teacher's Room, 193 by 15 feet. D. Recitation Rooms, 283 by 15 feet. SECOND FLOOR. E. Halls, 15 by 14 feet. The senior department, without being unduly crowded, will sea 220 scholars. The recitation rooms in the rear of the building, are s arranged that classes make the least possible disturbance in passing and from the main school room. The library room in the rear of th Master's desk is sufficiently commodious for a recitation room, in add tion to the other purposes for which it is designed, and may be use for that purpose if necessary. With slight alteration in the arrang ment of doors, and one or two other points easily remedied, a scho house for the accommodation of 500 pupils could not be better arrang ed. It will doubtless be a model, in its general arrangement, to followed hereafter whenever houses of similar size are to be constructe |