"Onondagoes-The Bunt, Tewaruit, Diaquanda, Tawashughts, &c. "Cajugas-Tagaaia, Shanarady, Atrawawna, &c.

"Shawnees--Benevissica.

"Senecas-Gaustrax, Odengot, &c.

Tuscaroras-Saquareessera, Kanigot, Tyagawehe, &c. "Delawares-Killbuck, Turtleheart."

Sir William Johnson in his opening address stated that Lieut. Governor Penn had been there and waited a considerable time; but was at length forced by business to return, leaving Messrs. Peters and Tilghman, as Commissioners.

Several addresses were made, and finally on the 5th of November we find the following notice:

"The deed to his majesty-one of the proprietors of Pennsylvaniaand the one to the traders, being then laid on the table, were executed in the presence of the Governor of New Jersey, the commissioners of Virginia and Pennsylvania, and the rest of the gentlemen present. After which, the chiefs of each nation received the cash, which was piled on the table for that purpose; and then proceeded to divide the goods amongst their people, which occupied the remainder of the day."

The following is the article of cession to the Penns:

'We, Tyanhasare, or Abraham sachem or chief of the Indian nation called the Mohocks; Senaghsis-of the Oneydas; Chenughiata--of the Onondagos; Gaustrax-of the Senecas; Sequarisera-of the Tuscaroras; Tagaaia-of the Cayugas, in general council of the Six Nations at Fort Stanwix, assembled for the purpose of settling a general boundary line between the said Six Nations, and their confederates and independent tribes, and his majesty's middle colonies, send greeting, &c. In consideration of ten thousand dollars, they grant to Thomas Penn and Richard Penn, all that part of the province of Pennsylvania, not heretofore purchased of the Indians, within the said general boundary line, and beginning in the said boundary line, on the east side of the east branch of the river Susquehannah, at a place called Owegy, and running with the said boundary line, down the said branch on the east side thereof till it comes opposite the mouth of a creek called by the Indians Awandac (Tawandee), and across the river and up the said creek on the south side thereof, along the range of hills called Burnett's hills by the English, and by the Indians on the north side of them, to the heads of a creek which runs into the west branch of Susquehannah, which creek is by the Indians called Tiadaghton, and down the said creek on the south side thereof, to the said west branch of Susquehannah, then crossing the said river, and running up VOL. 1-26

the same on the south side thereof, the several courses thereof to the fork of the same river which lies nearest to a place on the river Ohio, called the Kittanning, and from the said fork by a straight line to Kittanning aforesaid, and then down the said river Ohio by the several courses thereof to where the western bounds of the said province of Pennsylvania crosses the same river, and then with the said western bounds to the south boundary thereof, and with the south boundary aforesaid to the east side of the Allegheny hills, and with the said hills on the east side of them to the west line of a tract of land purchased by the said proprietors from the Six Nation Indians, and confirmed October 23d, 1758, and then with the northern bounds of that tract to the river Susquehannah to the northern boundary line of another tract of land purchased of the Indians by deed (August 22d, 1749), and then with that northern boundary line to the river Delaware at the north side of the mouth of a creek called Lecbawachsein, then up the said river Delaware on the west side thereof to the intersection of it, by an east line to be drawn from Owegy aforesaid to the said river Delaware, and then with that east line to the beginning at Owegy aforesaid.”

Some doubts arose as to what stream it was that was called Tiadaghton, and what hills were meant by "Burnett's Hills." At a subsequent treaty held in 1784, questions on these points were put to the Indians, and they replied that the creek was Pine Creek, which enters the west branch of the Susquehannah above Jersey Shore, and that Burnett's Hills were by them called the Long Mountains.

It is a singular circumstance in the history of this treaty, that although Virginia claimed a very considerable portion of the territory ceded to the Penns; yet her commissioner Thomas Walker, Esq., was present, saw the money paid to the Indians, and their chiefs executing a deed for a territory which embraced Pittsburgh, the very bone of contention, between those colonies, and yet made no objection, so far as we can learn.

The title being thus acquired, measures were immediately taken to prepare the new purchased lands for sale. On the 23d of February, 1769, an advertisement was published for general information that the Land Office. would be opened on the third day of the ensuing April, at 10 o'clock, A. M. to receive applications from all persons inclined to take up lands in the new purchase upon the terms of five pounds sterling per hundred acres, and one penny per acre, per annum, quit rent. This quit rent was afterwards abolished by the act, vesting in the Commonwealth the title of the Penns, commonly called the Divesting act, passed on the 27th of November, 1799. In Washington county, and in that portion of Allegheny, west of the Monongahela river, many settlements were also made under Virginia titles, so that there was a rapid increase of the population from 1770 until 1775. Much of the very best land in that quarter is held by titles based on Virginia entries; which by the Compromise of 1779 are recognized as equal

ly good as a Pennsylvania warrant. A large portion of the beautiful lands on Chartier's creek is thus held, under entries made between the years 1769 and 1779 both inclusive.

The place spoken of in the deed, as the fork nearest to the Kittanning, is the point which now marks the northwest corner of Cambria county.

GEORGE CROGHAN'S JOURNAL

OF HIS ROUTE FROM FORT PITT TO VINCENNES AND DETROIT IN 1765.

Before we proceed with our notices of the settlement and improvement of this country subsequent to the treaty of Fort Stanwix, we wish to introduce to our readers two journals of voyages from this place down the Ohio river. The first of the two is that above named; it is chiefly interesting as showing the location of various Indian tribes at that period, and as proving the continued existence of French influence among some of those tribes, long after the conquest of Canada. Pontiac, the inexorable enemy of the English, and the devoted friend of the French was still living, and no doubt his influence was exerted against Croghan.

It will be noticed that Croghan calls the island which we now call Brunot's, Chartier's, after the same treacherous half-breed Shawnese and Frenchman, who left his name to the creek that there debouches into the Ohio. We would be glad to see the ancient names of our islands, streams, and mountains all preserved, and not changing as the owners change. We recollect noticing in an early survey of the M'Kee property that this island was called Alliquippa's. This name would, in our estimation, be decidedly preferable even to Chartier's. The long island below it, which has been called Montour's, the Long Island, the Seven Mile Island, Simms', Neville's and Craig's, was once as our deceased friend, James M'Kee, informed us the home of Kustaloga, a sachem of the Delawares. This would certainly be a handsome name for that Island.

It will be seen that Mr. Croghan places Logstown on the south side of the Ohio; in so doing, he stands alone among the ancient authorities. Mitchell's and Evan's map, and the map in Du Kalm's Travels, the Journal of Frederick Post, and the map and diary of that well informed geographer Thomas Hutchins, all place Logstown on the other side of the river.

Some of our readers will, no doubt, be surprised to learn that buffalos were plenty along the Ohio, so far up as the mouth of the Little Kenhawa. These is no doubt, however, at all of the truth of this statement. Even so late as 1781 Colonel Broadhead, who then commanded Fort Pitt, frequently in his letters spoke of the abundance of buffalos on the Big Kenhawa.

It is scarcely necessary to say that the Ouabache mentioned in the journal is what we now call the Wabash, and Port Vincent is now Vincennes.

THE JOURNAL OF GEORGE CROGHAN.*

May 15th, 1765.-I set off from Fort Pitt with two batteaux, and encamped at Chartier's island, in the Ohio, three miles below Fort Pitt.

16th-Being joined by the deputies of the Senecas, Shawanese, and Delawares that were to accompany me, we set off at seven o'clock in the morning, and at ten o'clock arrived at Logstown, an old settlement of the Shawanese, about seventeen miles from Fort Pitt, where we put ashore and viewed the remains of that village, which was situated on a high bank on the south side of the Ohio river, a fine fertile country around it. At eleven o'clock we re-embarked and proceeded down the Ohio to the mouth of Big Beaver creek, about ten miles below the Logstown; this creek empties itself between two fine rich bottoms, a mile wide on each side from the banks of the river to the high lands. About a mile below the mouth of Beaver creek we passed an old settlement of the Delawares, where the French in 1756, built a town for that nation. On the north side of the river some of the stone chimneys are yet remaining; here the highlands come close to the banks and continue for about five miles. After which we passed several spacious bottoms on each side of the river, and came to Little Beaver creek, about fifteen miles below Big Beaver creek. A number of small rivulets fall into the river on each side. From thence we sailed to Yellow Creek, being about fifteen miles from the last mentioned creek; here and there the hills come close to the banks of the river on each side, but where there are bottoms, they are very large, and well watered; numbers of small rivulets running through them, falling into the Ohio on both sides. We encamped on the river bank, and find a great part of the trees in the bottom are covered with grape vines. This day we passed by eleven islands, one of which being about seven miles long. For the most part of the way we made this day, the banks of the river are high and step. The course of the Ohio from Fort Pitt to the mouth of Beaver creek, inclines to the north-west; from thence to the two creeks partly due west.

" 17th-At six o'clock in the morning we embarked, and were delighted

*Not Colonel Croghan of Kentucky.

with the prospect of a fine open country on each side of the river as we passed down. We came to a place called the Two Creeks, about fifteen miles from Yellow creek, where we put to shore; here the Senecas have a village on a high bank on the north side of the river; the chief of this village offered me his services to go with me to the Illinois, which I could not refuse for fear of giving him offence, although I had a sufficient number of deputies with me already. From thence we proceeded down the river, passed many large, rich, and fine bottoms, the highlands being at a considerable distance from the river banks, till we came to the Buffalo creek, being about ten miles below the Seneca village; and from Buffalo creek we proceeded down the river to Fat Meat Creek, about thirty miles. The face of the country appears much like what we met with before; large, rich, and well watered bottoms, then succeeded by the hills pinching close on the river; these bottoms, on the north side, appear rather low, and consequently subject to inundations in the spring of the year, when there never fails to be high freshets in the Ohio, owing to the melting of the snows. This day we passed by ten islands, though the greatest part of them are small. They lay much higher out of the water than the main land, and of course less subject to be flooded by the freshets. At night we encamped near an Indian village. The general course of the river from the Two Creeks to Fat Meat Creek inclines to the south-west.

"18th-At 6 o'clock, A. M. we set off in our batteaux; the country on both sides of the river appears delightful; the hills are several miles from the river banks, and consequently the bottoms large; the soil, timber, and banks of the river, much like those we have before described; about fifty miles below the Fat Meat Creek, we enter the long reach, where the river runs a straight course for twenty miles, and makes a delightful prospect; the banks continue high; the country on both sides, level, rich, and well watered. At the lower end of the reach we encamped. This day we passed nine islands, some of which are large, and lay high out of the water. "19th-We decamped at six in the morning, and sailed to a place called the Three Islands, being about fifteen miles from our last encampment; here the highlands come close to the river banks, and the bottoms for the most part-till we come to the Muskingum (or Elk) river-are but narrow; this river empties itself in the Ohio about fifteen miles below the Three Islands; the banks of the river continue steep, and the country is level for several miles back from the river. The course of the river from Fat Meat Creek to Elk River, is about south-west and by south. We proceeded down the river about fifteen miles, to the mouth of Little Conhawa River, with little or no alteration in face of the country; here we encamped in a fine rich bottom, after having passed fourteen island, some of them large, and mostly lying high out of the water. Here buffalos, bears, turkeys, with all other kinds of wild game are extremely plenty. A good hunter,