what has been done I shall look on as void, and they may expect to find us warriors instead of brothers and friends.

"By the power invested in me by his Excellency Major General Gage, Commander in Chief of his Majesty's forces in North America, &c., these are the terms of peace I grant to the nations heretofore mentioned; that is to say, to the Shawanese, Delawares, the Hurons of Sandusky, the Five Nations of Scioto, the Ohio and Presque'isle. Given under my hand and seal at the place, and on the date above mentioned.

"JOHN BRADSTREET.

"From the power we have received from the chiefs of the Delawares the Shawanese, the Hurons of Sandusky, the Five Nations of the Indians inhabiting the Plains of Scioto, the banks of the Ohio, Presque'isle, &c., &c., we do, in the name of the above nations, together with ourselves, most gratefully accept the terms above mentioned and granted, and we do also most solemnly bind ourselves and them to the true performance of each article in every respect.

"Signed after the manner of the Indians, with the Representatives of a Turtle, a Fox and Wolf, with two crosses.

"This peace being agreed on, the Six Nations and Indians of Canada got up, and took the deputies by the hand, saying they were glad to see they were come to their senses, and hoped they would continue so; if they did not, on the first breach of this peace which they were witnesses to their concluding, they would immediately make war against them.

["A true copy.]

"THOMAS MANT, Aid de Camp."

NOTICES OF THE SETTLEMENT

OF THE COUNTRY ALONG THE MONONGAHELA, ALLEGHENY AND UPPER OHIO RIVERS AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES.

[CONTINUED FROM OUR LAST.]

Immediately after the conclusion of the peace of 1763, the white men commenced encroaching on the lands west of the mountains, and along the Youghiogany and Monongahela rivers. The Indians complained about these encroachments. The British government and the government of this State labored to check these invasions of Indian territory. The history of this section of the country from 1764, down to 1774, presents but little of general interest. To continue the connection it is necessary we should give a brief notice of the spirit of encroachment on the part of the whites, of the complaints of the Indians, and of the exertions of the various authorities to avert these encroachments, and to allay these complaints. EXTRACT FROM MR. CROGHAN'S JOURNAL, DATED FORT PITT, MẠY 22, 1796. 'Major Murray informed me that there were several chiefs of the Shawanese, Delaware, Six Nations and Hurons from Sandusky, with a considerable number of warriors, who had waited a long time to see me.

"24th of May. I had a meeting with the Six Nations, Delawares and Huron chiefs, when they made great complaints about several of their people being murdered on the frontiers of the several provinces. Say they have lost five men on the frontiers of Virginia, one near Bedford in Pennsylvania, and one in the Jerseys. This conduct of their Fathers, they say does not look as if they were disposed to live in peace with their children, the Indians. Besides that, as soon as peace was made last year, contrary to our engagements, a number of our people came over the great mountain and settled at Redstone Creek, and on the Monongahela, before they had given the country to the King their father."

At an early period of 1764, instructions from the king of Great Britain were sent to John Penn, which recited that several persons from Pennsylvania and the back parts of Virginia, had migrated west of the Allegheny

Mountains, and seated themselves on lands near the Ohio in express disobedience of the proclamation of the 7th of October, 1763, and therefore enjoined upon the Governor to use all means in his power to prevent such encroachments, and to cause those to remove who had seated themselves on those lands.

A letter from General Gage, the Commander in Chief of the British forces in America, dated July 2d, 1766, assures Governor John Penn, that if he will take proper steps, 66 as I presume Redstone is within your government, the garrison at Fort Pitt shall assist to drive away the settlers, and it seems proper that a number of the chiefs should be present to see our desire to do them justice."

A letter from Governor Penn to Governor Fauquier of Virginia, dated 23d of Sept. 1766, asks his aid for the removal of the settlers, states that as the boundary line between the two States had not been settled, such settlers might take shelter under an unsettled jurisdiction.

Reply of Governor Fauquier, dated Williamsburg, December 11, 1766, states that the Commander in Chief had taken "more effectual measures, by giving orders to an officer and party to summon the settlers to remove, and in case of refusal to threaten military execution."

Letter from John Penn to Earl Shelbourne, January 21st, 1767, recites what had been done by himself, by Governor Fauquier, and by General Gage, and says, "I am at a loss to know what more can be done by the civil power."

Letter from General Gage, dated New York, December 7, 1767, says: "You are a witness how little attention has been paid to the proclamations. that have been published, and that even the removing these people from the lands last summer by the garrison at Fort Pitt, had been only a temporary expedient; as they met with no punishment, we learn they are returned again to Redstone Creek and Cheat river. Recommends that more effective laws should be passed."

On the 3d of February, 1768, an Act was passed inflicting death without benefit of clergy upon any person settled upon lands not purchased of the Indians, who shall refuse after days notice to quit the same, or having removed, shall return to the same or other unpurchased lands: Provided, however, that this law shall not extend to persons who now are, or may hereafter be settled on the main communication leading to Fort Pitt, under the permission of the Commander in Chief, or to a settlement made by Geo. Croghan, Esq., Deputy Superintendent under Sir William Johnson, upon the Ohio above said fort.

24th February, 1768. Proclamation issued in pursuance of the above Act, 250 copies printed, and J. Burd, John Steel, J. Allison, Chr. Lemer, and Capt. James Potter of Cumberland, requested to go to the Monongahela, Youghiogheny and other places west of the Allegheny, where such

forbidden settlements were, to set up the proclamations, to explain them to the people, and to endeavor to induce them to remove. Letter of instructions, a number of the proclamations, and £60 in cash for their expenses given them.

In April, 1768, conferences with the Indians were held at this place, and some proceedings proposed against the settlers. The Indians, however, as it seems to us, very wisely declined sending some of their chiefs to witness the ejection of the settlers, as General Gage had suggested.

By the treaty of Fort Stanwix, in November, 1768, a large extent of territory, including all the country south of Kittanning, east of the Allegheny river and south of the Ohio, was' ceded to Thomas and Richard Penn, and thus the ill-feeling between the Indians and the settlers on the Monongahela was abated.

We annex a full account of the conferences held here in April and May, 1768. The assemblage of Indian warriors, their wives and children, must have made a formidable display in our little village.

MINUTES OF CONFERENCES,

HELD AT FORT PITT, IN APRIL AND MAY, 1768, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF GEORGE CROGHAN, Esq., DEPUTY AGENT FOR INDIAN AFFAIRS, WITH THE CHIEFS AND WARRIORS OF THE OHIO AND OTHER WESTERN INDIANS.

"At a conference held at Fort Pitt, on Tuesday, the twenty-sixth day of April, 1768, with the chiefs and principal warriors of the Six Nations, Delawares, Shawanese, Munsies and Mohicons, residing on the waters of the Ohio.

PRESENT:

"George Croghan, Esq., Deputy Agent for Indian Affairs.

"John Allen and Joseph Shippen, jr., Esqs., Commissioners from the Province of Pennsylvania.

"Alexander M'Kee, Esq., Commissary of Indian Affairs.

"Colonel John Reed, Commandant.

"Captains-Charles Edmonston and

Pownall.

"Lieutenants-Thomas Ford, Alexander Maclellan, Jesse Wright, Sam. Steel, William Wood and Thomas Batt.

"Ensigns-Thomas Hutchins, Robert Hamilton, James Savage and Godfrey Tracy.

"Interpreter-Mr. Henry Montour.

CHIEFS.

"Six Nations-Keyashuta, White Mingo, Soneno, Allyondongo, Onaughkong, Gettyqucaye, Onondagago, Cadedonago, Soggoyadentha, Thonissagarawa, Oyanay, Toeaughquottet.

"Delawares-Nettawatways or Newcomer, Custettoga. Beaver, Latort Spawgassa, Nessicuthethem, Cascatehon, Kekiwenum, Washawanon, Mahetoaughkong, Loyalaughaland, Tugasso.

CHIEF WARRIORS.

"Six Nations-Toeageda, Toedassaho, Kennissoen, Thagonneyesus, Dawatdehough, Awanneynatha, with 293 warriors, besides women and children.

"Delawares-Captain Jacobs, Winganum, Captain Pipe, Capt. Jonny, Quequedagaytho or Grey Eyes, White Wolf, Theck hoton, Opemalughim, Killaykhebon, Wiesahoxon, with 311 warriors, besides women and children.

CHIEFS.

"Shawanese-Kaysinnaughtha or the Hard Man, Etawakissaho, Maughkateymawaywa, Nymwha, Bennoxcumma, Naynichtha, Wassaynametha, Wethawathocka.

CHIEF WARRIORS.

Thethawgay, Waugh comme, Othawaydia, Mawaydia, Munnena, Kawcomme, Shilley wathetha, Quighbya, with one hundred and forty-one warriors, besides women and children.

CHIEFS.

"Munsies-Auttemaway, Kendasseong, Wassawayhim, Quekquahim, Waughellapo, with one hundred and ninety-six warriors, besides women and children.

"Mohicons-Wennighjalis, Kelligheon, with ninety warriors, besides women and children.

"Seven Wyandotts sent to attend the Conference.

"In the whole, 1103 Indians, besides women and children.

"The Indians having taken their seats in order, Mr. Croghan opened the Conference as follows, viz.

"Brethren of the Six Nations, Delawares, Shawanese, Munsies and Mohickons, I am glad to see so many of your different nations assembled at this council fire, and with this string of wampum I clear your eyes, and wipe away your tears, that you may see and look on your brethren the English with pleasure. (A string.)

"Brethren, with this string I clean the sweat off your bodies, and remove all evil thoughts from your minds, and clean the passage to your hearts, that every thing which may be said to you from your brethren the English, may rest easy there. (A string.)

Brethren, with this string I clear your ears, that you may hear and consider well what is going to be said at this general meeting of your several tribes. (A string.)