620,000 tons; tobacco, 23,023,000 pounds. In the production of both corn and tobacco, Missouri ranks as the fifth State; in hay, the seventh; in oats and potatoes, the eighth; and in wheat, the eleventh.

MOHAMMEDANISM.

While Mohammedanism as a political power is rapidly declining, it is steadily increasing in the number of its adherents. Dr. Döllinger, in an address delivered before the Bavarian Academy of Science on March 28, 1879, estimated the total number of Mohammedans as about one fifth of the population of the earth. According to this, the Mohammedans would number about 288,000,000, a figure considerably higher than any other estimate, and probably too high. The progress of Mohammedanism is especially noted in Africa and India. The following is an approximate statement of its statistics at the close of 1879:

Dr. Döllinger, in the address above referred to, treated very fully of the recent history of Mohammedanism. The following extracts supplement the article given in last year's "Annual Cyclopædia": The religion of the Arabian Prophet exhibits at present a singular phenomenon. On the one hand it develops throughout Asia and Africa a power of expansion, a fertility of proselytism, in which it surpasses by far the Christian churches; and, on the other hand, there appear symptoms of inner decay, especially a disease which is common to all Mohammedan states and threatens them with dissolution, incompetency to govern. The sultanate is now on the point of dying out, as formerly the caliphate. The old hierarchical state system of Arabia is extinct. The subsequent hermaphroditic creation of the semi-hierarchical, semi-military state system, which has its type in the Osmanic Empire, is now likewise approaching dissolution, and a new third form is not well conceivable so long as the Koran remains the source of all law; for the primitive and loose tribal association which is found among the Bedouins is not well suited for a larger state system. If, on the other hand,

we look at the marvelous power of expansion by which the Arabian religion peaceably, by means of conversion, achieves at present the most rapid and extensive conquest, we stand before an historical enigma. It is becoming a powerful current in Africa; entire nations in the interior of that continent, who but recently were pagans or worshipers of fetiches, have now become believers in the Koran. In China the Moslems have become so numerous that they could risk an insurrection. In Tongking they already number fifty thousand. Among the Malays of the Indian Archipelago they have made even in our days hosts of proselytes. From Sumatra the Islam has spread over Java, and since the establishment of the Dutch rule the entire population of Java (about eighteen millions) has become Mohammedan. The larger portion of Sumatra, and at least one half of Borneo and Celebes, have been gained for the Islam. Wherever in the Indian Archipelago a population hitherto pagan stands under Dutch dominion, the Islam makes rapid progress, while Christianity, on the other hand, in spite of missionaries and missionary societies, either is advancing very slowly or even retrogrades. Pilgrimages to Mecca, which are so greatly facilitated by the introduction of steamships, are said to be one of the principal causes of this rapid progress of Mohammedanism, because the numerous pilgrims or hadjis after their return generally become zealous missionaries of the Prophet of Mecca. The Islam in eastern Asia and Africa derives a great advantage from the fact that the propagation of the faith is not regarded as the work of any particular class or society, but that every Moslem considers himself obliged to take part in the conversion of the infidels. In British India, especially in the Northwestern Provinces, the conversions to Mohammedanism are likewise numerous, and they take place all the more easily because many Brahman ideas and customs have crept into Indian Mohammedanism. Thus the fifty million Mohammedans may become for the British dominion a great support or a great danger. In a conflict between Russia and England they would undoubtedly side with England, for Russia is regarded throughout the East as the hereditary foe of the Islam. Russia threatens Persia, dismembers Turkey, and subjugates the khanates of Central Asia. The Russian people look upon every war with Mohammedans as a religious war, and the number of the Mohammedan subjects of Russia in Siberia has considerably decreased under the influence of the Russian authorities. On the other hand, the Mohammedan faith leaves to the Mohammedan inhabitants of a country ruled over by infidels only the choice of emigrating or establishing by force of arms an orthodox government. This doctrine is especially diffused in India by the itinerant preachers of the Wahabee sect, the puritans of the Islam. Destruction of the English rule and reestablishment of the caliphate are the aims

Our view of the leading doctrines is set forth more especially in the Confession of Faith, which has been annually declared by the whole Church on Easter morning for more than a hundred years.

We hold that every truth revealed to us by the Word of God is a priceless treasure, and heartily believe that the gain or loss of everything, even of life itself, can be brought into no comparison with a denial of any one of these truths. And we here especially refer to that truth which the Renewed Church of the Brethren has ever regarded as its most important doctrine, and to which, by God's grace, it has hitherto steadfastly adhered, regarding it as a precious jewel: that Jesus Christ is the propitiation for our sins; and not for ours only, but also for the sins of

the whole world.

With this our leading doctrine, the following facts and truths, clearly attested by Holy Scripture, are linked in essential connection, and therefore constitute, with this leading doctrine, the main features in our view and proclamation of the way of salvation: a. The doctrine of the total depravity of human nature that there is no health in man, and that, since the fall, he has no strength left to help himb. The doctrine of the love of God the Father, who "hath chosen us in Christ before the foundation of the world," and "so loved the world that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life."

self.

c. The doctrine of the real Godhead and the real Humanity of Jesus Christ: that the only begotten Son of God, of whom all things in heaven and earth were created, forsook the glory which He had with the Father before the world was, and took upon Him our flesh and blood, that He might be made like unto His brethren in all things, yet without sin.

d. The doctrine of our reconciliation with God and our justification before Him through the sacrifice of Jesus Christ: that He "was delivered for our offenses, and was raised again for our justification," and that we obtain forgiveness of sin, and freedom from the bondage of sin, by faith in His blood alone.

e. The doctrine of the Holy Ghost and the operations of His grace: that without Him we are unable to know the truth, that it is He who works in us the knowledge of sin, faith in Jesus, and the witness that

we are children of God.

f. The doctrine of good works as the fruit of the Spirit: by which faith manifests itself as a living, active principle, in a willing obedience to the commandments of God, out of love and gratitude to Him who

died for us.

g. The doctrine of the fellowship of believers with one another in Christ Jesus: that they are all one in Him, who is the Head of the body, and all members one of another.

h. The doctrine of the coming of our Lord in glory, and of the resurrection of the dead unto life or unto judgment.

which we, according to our view, regard as the leading doctrines of Holy Writ.

Sunday-schools were recognized as constituting a proper sphere of exertion in the Church, and were commended to the cooperation and intercessions of members, and to the guiding supervision of ministers and elders as a part of their official labor. On the subject of missions, resolutions were adopted discouraging the attempt to educate in Europe native youth from the mission-fields; approving the action of the mission department in declining, principally on account of the lack of funds, seventeen invitations to begin new missions; sanctioning the organization of a new mission in Demerara and additions to the missions in South Africa; and recommending the continuance and, if possible, the extension of the work in the West Himalaya district. The archivist of the Unity reported that the archives contained a collection of historical manuscripts, a library including pamphlets, and a collection of paintings and curiosities referring to the history of the Church. A number of valuable manuscripts had been secured within the last ten years. The Synod made provision for the appointment of a theologically educated person who should qualify himself for the work of thoroughly examining and compiling the existing sources of the history of the ancient Brethren's Church, particularly between the years 1620 and 1722, and who, it was understood, should qualify himself to study the original documents of the Bohemian Church. Measures were decided upon to obtain contributions for the erection of a new and suitable building as a depository for the archives. Three new bishops were chosen: H. L. Reichel, Henry Müller, and T. Wunderling. A new department was added to the Unity's Elders' Conference, to be called the Unity's department, to consist of six members, and be charged with the duty of main taining and strengthening the bonds of union between the three provinces of the Unity.

The year 1889 was fixed upon as the time for the next meeting of the Synod at Herrnhut.

To the Brethren's Church it must be a matter of serious, heartfelt concern, that, as she herself firmly adheres to her declared view of the mystery of Christ, so also in the proclamation of the Word within her borders, and in the Christian instruction of the young, there may be no departure from this foundation. She considers it for herself neither necessary nor salutary, by framing a creed formulated in every single point of doctrine, to bind consciences and quench the Spirit; nor does she expect to see the well-being of the Church promoted by the pledging of her servants to any such creed, inasmuch as she looks, for the attainment of this object, to the revival and establishment of the true spirit of the Church through the grace of God. her borders any one teach and preach contrary to the Holy Scriptures, and, specially, to the declarations

At the same time, she can not tolerate that within

first year he bore off the prize in Greek, although his tastes were scientific rather than classical. He was an ardent botanist, winning the Balfour gold medal for plant dissection, and the Thompson prize. In 1848, while studying medicine, he lectured before the Botanical Society of Edinburgh on the "Glandular Structures found on the Leaves of Various Plants." In 1851 he graduated with the highest honors, and was appointed physician to the embassy at Turin. In 1852 he returned to Edinburgh as resident clinical physician at the Infirmary. After this he studied both in Dublin and in Paris, until he was appointed Professor of Chemistry to the Medical College of

Calcutta. Later he was placed on the medical staff of the army of Burmah, where he studied the climate and diseases of that country, on which he wrote a valuable treatise. On his return in 1855 he passed his examination for membership of the Royal College of Physicians, London. He worked indefatigably as physician to the Westminster General Dispensary, as demonstrator of anatomy at St. Mary's Hospital, lecturer on botany, assistant physician to King's College Hospital, and physician to the Middlesex Hospital and to the London Fever Hospital. After six years' service in the lastnamed hospital he wrote his great work on the "Continued Fevers of Great Britain," which has passed through numerous editions and reached the rank of a classic. His experience in Middlesex Hospital is embodied in his work on the "Diseases of the Liver." A second edition of this volume was published in 1877. His practice was enormous and ever increasing, yet he never pretermitted his studies or literary labors, as attested by his contributions to the "Lancet" and the "Edinburgh Medical Journal," and his numerous treatises on scientific as well as professional subjects. Like his distinguished relative, Sir Roderick Murchison, he was passionately fond of geology, and he undertook and accomplished the Herculean task of editing the geological works of Dr. Falconer. It was as a teacher that he reached the highest expression of his powers. In 1871 he was appointed Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine. His singular brilliancy

NEBRASKA. The Legislature of this State opened its regular session on January 7th, and closed it on the 27th of February in the morning, after a protracted sitting from the previous day.

A joint resolution was adopted instructing the Nebraska delegation in Congress "to procare legislation to prohibit for ever the payment of the Southern war claims."

An act creating a Reform School at Kearney was passed.

A game law was enacted, fixing the days on which expires the time allowed for the killing of certain species of animals, as follows: of quail and wild turkeys, the first day of December; of wild buffalo, elk, mountain-sheep, deer, or antelope, the first day of January; of wild grouse, the first day of February. It probibits the transportation of the various classes after the above-mentioned dates respectively; and provides that "it shall be unlawful for any person, agent, or employee of any association, corporation, railroad company, or express company, to receive, carry, transport, or ship away any such animal or bird at any other time of the year."

An act was passed appropriating the sum of

and clearness proved a powerful attraction to students. In 1877 he was made President of the Pathological Society. His inaugural is a model exposition of the method and limits of such researches.

In 1872, while in the midst of this life of toil and usefulness, with the honors and rewards of his profession pouring thick upon him, he discovered that he was the subject of serious heart-disease, induced by an attack of typhus contracted in the Fever Hospital. He was advised that cessation of labor would probably delay a fatal termination. After mature deliberation he decided that to him a life of idleness would be the greater evil. Having made the minutest preparations for impending death, he resumed the arduous career of a London physician in full practice, and died in the harness. A patient had just left his consultingroom. He leaned forward to note on a diagram a fact concerning this case when the fatal stroke fell. On the 26th of April he was buried in Norwood Cemetery. Dying thus in the forty-ninth year of his age, in the prime of his powers, he was a loss to science and to the world. He was especially beloved by the students and junior members of his profession. He never spared himself when their interests could be advanced. The sympathy and aid they were sure to evoke were all the more valuable because they came from a man of few words and of a cold and reserved demeanor, who had himself passed unblemished through the ordeals they must undergo.

$75,000 for the erection of an additional wing in the State-House building. This appropriation, for which the sum originally asked in the bill was $100,000, was greatly opposed in the Legislature, and by the people generally, as unnecessary.

The prohibition bill, so called, forbidding the manufacture and sale of all drinks that may inebriate, failed to pass. This measure, while it was acted upon by the Legislature, engrossed the interest of the people generally in a high degree, a great number advocating and a greater opposing it on several accounts. Two mass meetings, the one for and the other against the passage of the bill, were held at Omaha on February 2d and 3d respectively.

During this session of the Legislature strong efforts were made by a large number of its members to secure after its final adjournment an extraordinary session. Democratic and Republican members met in caucus jointly for that purpose on February 17th, when, after a lengthy discussion, it was resolved, by a vote of 36 to 27, "that the best interests of the State demand an immediate called session to complete the revision laws." No special session, however, was convened within the year.