Philosophy of Science: A Contemporary IntroductionThis user-friendly text covers key issues in the philosophy of science in an accessible and philosophically serious way. It will prove valuable to students studying philosophy of science as well as science students. |
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answer argue axiomatic system axioms Bayes Bayesian behavior beliefs biology boundary conditions causal causal explanation causes ceteris paribus Chapter claims concept conclusion confirmation counterexample counterfactual D-N model deductive argument definition derived disciplines empirical empiricism epistemic epistemology evidence example experience explanandum explanans explanatory power fact falsifying fundamental gravity grue history of science holism human Hume’s hypothetico-deductivism incommensurability induction justified knowledge Kuhn Kuhn’s language logical empiricists long-run relative frequency mass mathematical matter meaning metaphysics methods molecules natural science necessary truths necessity Newton Newton’s laws Newtonian mechanics normal science notion objective observation paradigm phenomena philosophy of science physics positive instance pragmatic predictive prior probabilities probabilistic problem problem of induction processes properties quantum question Quine realism reason reflect relevance requires science’s scientific explanation scientific laws scientific realism Scientific Revolutions scientific theories scientists semantic social statement teleological theoretical terms things true underdetermination understanding unobservable W. V. O. Quine